海底管道直接电加热温降理论研究
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摘要
海底管道直接电加热是一种安全、可靠、节能、环保的流动保障技术,适用于深水油田的易凝高黏原油开发。针对直接电加热原油管道的传热特点,推导了管道沿线温降基本方程以及最短加热长度、最小加热功率、最优加热长度、最低入口温度、最低输量及最大总传热系数的数学表达式。结果表明,在考虑现场实际约束条件下,加热长度应设计得尽可能短,利于节省加热能耗;当加热功率大于临界功率时,最短加热长度与加热功率的具体数值无关。
The direct electrical heating(DEH)of subsea pipelines is one of flow assurance measures,which is particularly useful for the high-pour-point and viscous crudes pipelining of deepwater oil fields because of its safety,reliability,energy saving and environmental benefit.Based on the heat transfer characteristics of DEH crude oil pipelines,the temperature drop equations along the pipeline are derived,while the minimum heating length,minimum heating power,optimal heated length,minimum inlet temperature,minimum oil flow rate and maximum total heat transfer coefficient are analyzed theoretically.The results show that the heating length,in consideration of the actual site constraints,should be designed as short as possible for the most energy saving.When the heating power is greater than the critical power,the shortest heating length does not depend on the specific heating power.
The direct electrical heating(DEH)of subsea pipelines is one of flow assurance measures,which is particularly useful for the high-pour-point and viscous crudes pipelining of deepwater oil fields because of its safety,reliability,energy saving and environmental benefit.Based on the heat transfer characteristics of DEH crude oil pipelines,the temperature drop equations along the pipeline are derived,while the minimum heating length,minimum heating power,optimal heated length,minimum inlet temperature,minimum oil flow rate and maximum total heat transfer coefficient are analyzed theoretically.The results show that the heating length,in consideration of the actual site constraints,should be designed as short as possible for the most energy saving.When the heating power is greater than the critical power,the shortest heating length does not depend on the specific heating power.
引文
[1]刘国锋,李鑫,魏澈.海底管道电加热技术研究[J].自动化应用,2015(6):3-4,23.
[2]Bass R M,Langner C G.Direct electric heating of pipelines[C].Deep Offshore Technology D.O.T,New Orleans,November 1998.
[3]Aarseth F.Use of electrical power in control of wax and hydrates[C].OTC 8541,Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,TX,May 1997.
[4]Urdahl O,Bornes A H,Kinnari J K,et al.Operational experience by applying direct electrical heating for hydrate prevention[C],OTC 15189,Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,TX,May 2003.
[5]Boxall O J,Hughes T,May E.Direct electrical heating of liquid-filled hydrate blockages[C].Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Edinburgh,Scotland,United Kingdom,July 2011.
[6]Nexans.Direct Electrical Heating of Flowlines[OL].2015.http://mcedd.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Oyvind-Iversen-Nexans-presentation-MCE-Deepwater-2015.pdf
[7]杨筱蘅.输油管道设计与管理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:76-84.
[2]Bass R M,Langner C G.Direct electric heating of pipelines[C].Deep Offshore Technology D.O.T,New Orleans,November 1998.
[3]Aarseth F.Use of electrical power in control of wax and hydrates[C].OTC 8541,Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,TX,May 1997.
[4]Urdahl O,Bornes A H,Kinnari J K,et al.Operational experience by applying direct electrical heating for hydrate prevention[C],OTC 15189,Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,TX,May 2003.
[5]Boxall O J,Hughes T,May E.Direct electrical heating of liquid-filled hydrate blockages[C].Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Edinburgh,Scotland,United Kingdom,July 2011.
[6]Nexans.Direct Electrical Heating of Flowlines[OL].2015.http://mcedd.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Oyvind-Iversen-Nexans-presentation-MCE-Deepwater-2015.pdf
[7]杨筱蘅.输油管道设计与管理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:76-84.