城市造林工程农户行为意向影响因素研究——以北京市平原造林工程为例
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摘要
以北京市平原造林工程为例,利用典型项目区调查数据建立结构方程模型,探讨影响退耕农户行为意向的主要因素。结果表明:农户综合素质、家庭经济基础和农户土地依赖性对农户满意度和农户行为意向具有显著正向影响;同时,农户综合素质、家庭经济基础和农户土地依赖性还会通过农户满意度对农户行为意向产生影响。据此,后续城市造林过程中应进一步加强对农户满意度的服务工作,同时根据个体农户特征,对被征地农户在再就业、技能培训、农地补偿等方面开展更具针对性的服务工作。
⑴ Background——The integration of the first phase of Beijing Afforestation Project and the smooth development of the second phase of the project are inseparable from the support and cooperation of farmers. On this basis,the study of the relationship between farmers' satisfaction and their behavior intentions in plain afforestation project has important practical significance for improving farmers' intention to participate in the afforestation project,enthusiasm for construction and maintenance work,and optimization of project implementation.⑵ Methods——Based on the theoretical analysis,a theoretical model was constructed,and 8 research hypotheses were proposed. Then,through actual survey data,the relevant hypotheses of the model were verified one by one by SEM.⑶ Results——First,the satisfaction of farmers on the plain afforestation project will directly affect their subsequent behavior intentions,and the satisfaction of farmers on afforestation projects is affected by the overall quality of farmers and their dependence on land. Specifically,the impact on farmers' behavior intentions is:satisfaction with ecological benefits>satisfaction with compensation benefits>satisfaction with management effectiveness>satisfaction with social benefits>satisfaction with economic benefits. Second,the overall quality of the head of household has a significant positive impact on farmers' behavior intentions. Specifically,the impact on farmers' behavior intentions is: family culture level >age of the head of household >familiarity of family owners with afforestation project>re-employment opportunities of the head of household. Third,the land dependence of farmers has a significant positive impact on farmers' behavior intentions. Specifically,the impact on the farmers' behavior intentions is: family land area>net income change of household land>percentage of household land income in total income. Fourth,the economic foundation of farmers has a significant positive impact on farmers' behavior intentions. Specifically,the impact on the farmers' behavior intentions is as follows: the total number of family workers> the total income of the family > the non-agricultural employment of the family. Finally,the study finds that the satisfaction of farmers has a partial mediating effect on farmers' behavior intentions. This shows that the three variables of comprehensive quality,family economic foundation and land dependence of farmers can not only affect the behavior of farmers but also their behavior intentions.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——First,to improve farmers' behavior intention of forest area maintenance and land transfer should focus on improving farmers' satisfaction with existing afforestation results. Second,according to the education level and health status of farmers,increasing skills training and promoting farmers' reemployment can alleviate farmers' dependence on land and mobilize their enthusiasm for land transfer and afforestation. Finally,based on the plain afforestation project,the coordinated development of tourism industry such as accommodation,catering and transportation will help promote the shift of farmers from farming to participation in tourism and service industries,and weaken the "survival guarantee"function of cultivated land,thereby enhancing farmers' enthusiasm to maintain the achievements of existing forest areas construction and the initiative to transfer land to afforestation.
⑴ Background——The integration of the first phase of Beijing Afforestation Project and the smooth development of the second phase of the project are inseparable from the support and cooperation of farmers. On this basis,the study of the relationship between farmers' satisfaction and their behavior intentions in plain afforestation project has important practical significance for improving farmers' intention to participate in the afforestation project,enthusiasm for construction and maintenance work,and optimization of project implementation.⑵ Methods——Based on the theoretical analysis,a theoretical model was constructed,and 8 research hypotheses were proposed. Then,through actual survey data,the relevant hypotheses of the model were verified one by one by SEM.⑶ Results——First,the satisfaction of farmers on the plain afforestation project will directly affect their subsequent behavior intentions,and the satisfaction of farmers on afforestation projects is affected by the overall quality of farmers and their dependence on land. Specifically,the impact on farmers' behavior intentions is:satisfaction with ecological benefits>satisfaction with compensation benefits>satisfaction with management effectiveness>satisfaction with social benefits>satisfaction with economic benefits. Second,the overall quality of the head of household has a significant positive impact on farmers' behavior intentions. Specifically,the impact on farmers' behavior intentions is: family culture level >age of the head of household >familiarity of family owners with afforestation project>re-employment opportunities of the head of household. Third,the land dependence of farmers has a significant positive impact on farmers' behavior intentions. Specifically,the impact on the farmers' behavior intentions is: family land area>net income change of household land>percentage of household land income in total income. Fourth,the economic foundation of farmers has a significant positive impact on farmers' behavior intentions. Specifically,the impact on the farmers' behavior intentions is as follows: the total number of family workers> the total income of the family > the non-agricultural employment of the family. Finally,the study finds that the satisfaction of farmers has a partial mediating effect on farmers' behavior intentions. This shows that the three variables of comprehensive quality,family economic foundation and land dependence of farmers can not only affect the behavior of farmers but also their behavior intentions.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——First,to improve farmers' behavior intention of forest area maintenance and land transfer should focus on improving farmers' satisfaction with existing afforestation results. Second,according to the education level and health status of farmers,increasing skills training and promoting farmers' reemployment can alleviate farmers' dependence on land and mobilize their enthusiasm for land transfer and afforestation. Finally,based on the plain afforestation project,the coordinated development of tourism industry such as accommodation,catering and transportation will help promote the shift of farmers from farming to participation in tourism and service industries,and weaken the "survival guarantee"function of cultivated land,thereby enhancing farmers' enthusiasm to maintain the achievements of existing forest areas construction and the initiative to transfer land to afforestation.
引文
[1]唐秀美,潘瑜春,高秉博,等.北京市平原造林生态系统服务价值评估[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(2):274-278.
[2]黄杰龙,幸绣程,彭秋原,等.基于生态文明视角的北京平原造林工程绩效评价[J].林业经济,2017,39(9):37-42.
[3]彭秋原,黄杰龙,幸绣程,等.城市造林工程中“复合身份”农户的满意度评价:基于北京平原造林工程的征地农户调查[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,17(1):66-72.
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[6] AHMED R,HASAN M S,HALIM M A,et al. State of urban nurseries in Bangladesh:A case study from the North-Eastern Region[J]. Small-scale Forestry,2008,7(3-4):275-283.
[7]幸绣程,张超群,黄杰龙,等.北京平原造林工程效果居民满意度模糊综合评价[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(5):18-22,100.
[8]金佳莉,王成,张昶,等.北京平原造林绿化居民满意度研究[J].林业经济,2017,39(6):73-81.
[9]朱长宁,王树进.退耕还林、耕地约束与农户经济行为[J].经济问题,2015(8):86-90.
[10]喻永红.基于CVM法的农户保持退耕还林的接受意愿研究:以重庆万州为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(4):65-70.
[11]段伟,马奔,孙博,等.林业生态工程对山区减贫影响实证分析:一个结构方程模型(SEM)[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):8-12.
[12]王谦,王军强.国有林区开展群众管护经营改革的探索:青海省试点调研[J].林业经济,2010(4):64-68.
[13]宋辉,钟涨宝.基于农户行为的农地流转实证研究:以湖北省襄阳市312户农户为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):943-949.
[14]王桂华,付新月.农户土地流转行为实证研究综述[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(2):155-163.
[15]杨莉菲,温亚利,张媛.林农意愿对生态公益林管护效率和机制的影响分析:以北京市山区县为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):1066-1074.
[16] AJZEN I,CZASCH C,FLOOD M. From intentions to behavior:Implementation intention,commitment,and conscientiousness[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2009,39(6):1356-1372.
[17]闫岩.计划行为理论的产生、发展和评述[J].国际新闻界,2014,36(7):113-129.
[18]李维,朱维娜.基于结构方程模型的地区经济发展影响因素分析[J].管理世界,2014(3):172-173.
[2]黄杰龙,幸绣程,彭秋原,等.基于生态文明视角的北京平原造林工程绩效评价[J].林业经济,2017,39(9):37-42.
[3]彭秋原,黄杰龙,幸绣程,等.城市造林工程中“复合身份”农户的满意度评价:基于北京平原造林工程的征地农户调查[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,17(1):66-72.
[4] SCHALDACH R,ALCAMO J. Simulating the effects of urbanization,afforestation and cropland abandonment on a regional carbon balance:a case study for Central Germany[J]. Regional Environmental Change,2007,7(7):137-148.
[5] PR?STHOLM S,REENBERG A,KRISTENSEN S P. Afforestation of European landscapes:How do different farmer types respond to EU agri-environmental schemes?[J]. Geo Journal,2006,67(1):71-84.
[6] AHMED R,HASAN M S,HALIM M A,et al. State of urban nurseries in Bangladesh:A case study from the North-Eastern Region[J]. Small-scale Forestry,2008,7(3-4):275-283.
[7]幸绣程,张超群,黄杰龙,等.北京平原造林工程效果居民满意度模糊综合评价[J].林业经济问题,2017,37(5):18-22,100.
[8]金佳莉,王成,张昶,等.北京平原造林绿化居民满意度研究[J].林业经济,2017,39(6):73-81.
[9]朱长宁,王树进.退耕还林、耕地约束与农户经济行为[J].经济问题,2015(8):86-90.
[10]喻永红.基于CVM法的农户保持退耕还林的接受意愿研究:以重庆万州为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(4):65-70.
[11]段伟,马奔,孙博,等.林业生态工程对山区减贫影响实证分析:一个结构方程模型(SEM)[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):8-12.
[12]王谦,王军强.国有林区开展群众管护经营改革的探索:青海省试点调研[J].林业经济,2010(4):64-68.
[13]宋辉,钟涨宝.基于农户行为的农地流转实证研究:以湖北省襄阳市312户农户为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):943-949.
[14]王桂华,付新月.农户土地流转行为实证研究综述[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(2):155-163.
[15]杨莉菲,温亚利,张媛.林农意愿对生态公益林管护效率和机制的影响分析:以北京市山区县为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):1066-1074.
[16] AJZEN I,CZASCH C,FLOOD M. From intentions to behavior:Implementation intention,commitment,and conscientiousness[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2009,39(6):1356-1372.
[17]闫岩.计划行为理论的产生、发展和评述[J].国际新闻界,2014,36(7):113-129.
[18]李维,朱维娜.基于结构方程模型的地区经济发展影响因素分析[J].管理世界,2014(3):172-173.