蚁丘干扰下高寒草甸植物群落特征和生态位
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摘要
蚁丘作为高寒草甸上一种重要的生态干扰因子,对高寒草甸植物群落特征和生态位产生重要影响。2012年9月在四川红原县对蚁丘干扰后的高寒草甸植物群落进行了研究。结果表明:蚁丘干扰后高寒草甸植物群落的物种丰富度和多样性降低,但禾本科和莎草科的盖度、重要值和生态位宽度增加,尤其是禾本科的草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)与垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)的生态位宽度明显高于对照,成为优势种群。蚁丘干扰后高寒草甸植物种群生态位重叠程度普遍偏小,以保证占据较大生态位宽度的禾本科和莎草科优势种群与其他物种间在生态学上的长期共存适应,有利于受干扰的高寒草甸朝着增加优良牧草比例、增强可牧能力的方向发展。
As an important ecological disturbance factor in the alpine meadow,anthills can greatly influence the characteristics and ecological niche of plant community in alpine meadow. Alpine meadow plant community with anthill disturbance was studied in September 2012 in Hongyuan,Sichuan. The results showed that the species richness and diversity of the alpine meadow plant community decreased after the anthill disturbance,while the coverage,importance value and niche breadth of Gramineae and Cyperaceae increased. Especially,the niche breadths of gramineous grass Poa pratensis and Elymus nutans were obviously greater than those of the control,becoming the dominant populations. With anthill disturbance,the niche overlap level of alpine meadow plant populations was generally lower,ensuring the long-term ecological coexistence between the dominant populations of Gramineae and Cyperaceae with larger niche breadths and other species. It benefits the disturbed alpine meadow to the succession toward the direction of fine herbage,improving the grazing capacity of the alpine meadow to some extent.
As an important ecological disturbance factor in the alpine meadow,anthills can greatly influence the characteristics and ecological niche of plant community in alpine meadow. Alpine meadow plant community with anthill disturbance was studied in September 2012 in Hongyuan,Sichuan. The results showed that the species richness and diversity of the alpine meadow plant community decreased after the anthill disturbance,while the coverage,importance value and niche breadth of Gramineae and Cyperaceae increased. Especially,the niche breadths of gramineous grass Poa pratensis and Elymus nutans were obviously greater than those of the control,becoming the dominant populations. With anthill disturbance,the niche overlap level of alpine meadow plant populations was generally lower,ensuring the long-term ecological coexistence between the dominant populations of Gramineae and Cyperaceae with larger niche breadths and other species. It benefits the disturbed alpine meadow to the succession toward the direction of fine herbage,improving the grazing capacity of the alpine meadow to some extent.
引文
陈俊华,刘兴良,何飞,等.2010.卧龙巴朗山川滇高山栎灌丛主要木本植物种群生态位特征.林业科学,46(3):23-28.
陈波,周兴民.1995.三种嵩草群落中若干植物种的生态位宽度与重叠分析.植物生态学报,19(2):158-169.
贾婷婷,毛亮,郭正刚.2014.高原鼠兔有效洞穴密度对青藏高原高寒草甸群落植物生态位的影响.生态学报,34(4):869-877.
李有志,张灿明,林鹏.2009.土壤种子库评述.草业科学,26(3):83-90.
李庆新,盛连喜,周道玮,等.2003.松嫩草原黄墩蚁对羊草群落组成与生物量的影响.生态学杂志,22(6):49-52.
李博.2004.生态学.北京:高等教育出版社.
刘任涛,赵哈林,赵学勇.2009.科尔沁沙地流动沙丘掘穴蚁蚁丘分布及影响因素.应用生态学报,20(2):376-380.
刘帅华,贺康宁,董梅,等.2012.青海大通不同人工林林下草本群落生态位特征.四川农业大学学报,30(2):167-173.
蒙凤群,高贤明,孙书存.2011.川西北高寒草甸蚁丘植物群落演替:种类组成与物种多样性.植物分类与资源学报,33(2):191-199.
沈敏,蒲珉锴,王筱卉.2009.红原县草地荒漠化现状及治理对策初探.草业与畜牧,(8):28-31.
唐觉,李参,黄恩友,等.1986.蚂蚁.生物学通报,(7):10-12.
王润.2005.红原草地荒漠化变化遥感分析(硕士学位论文).重庆:西南农业大学.
向泽宇,陈瑞芳,蒋忠荣,等.2014.川西北高寒草甸对火烧干扰的短期响应.草业科学,31(11):2034-2041.
赵有益,龙瑞军,林慧龙,等.2008.草地生态系统安全及其评价研究.草业学报,17(2):143-150.
赵永华,雷瑞德,何兴元,等.2004.秦岭锐齿栎林种群生态位特征研究.应用生态学报,15(6):913-918.
张林静,岳明,赵桂仿,等.2002.生态位不同计测方法在绿洲荒漠交错带应用的比较分析.生态学杂志,21(4):71-75.
Bengtsson J,Fagerstrm T,Rydin H.1994.Competition and coexistence in plant communities.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,9:246-250.
Brener FAG,Silva JF.1995.Leaf-cutting ant nests and soil fertility in a well-drained savanna in Western Venezuela.Biotropica,27:250-254.
CerdA,Jurgensen MF.2011.Ant mounds as a source of sediment on citrus orchard plantations in eastern Spain.Catena,85:231-236.
Carlson SR,Whitford WG.1991.Ant mound influenced on vegetation and soils in a semi-arid mountain ecosystem.The American Midland Naturalist,126:125-139.
Cammeraat LH,Willott SJ,Compton SG,et al.2002.The effects of ants’nests on the physical,chemical and hydrological properties of a rangeland soil in semi-arid Spain Geoderma,105:1-20.
Dauber J,Rommeler A,Wolters V.2006.The ant Lasius flavus alters the viable seed bank in pastures.European Journal o Soil Biology,42:157-163.
Dostál P.2005.Effect of three mound-building ant species on the formation of soil seed bank in mountain grassland.Flora,200:148-158.
Esmaeili S,Hemami MR.2013.Utilization of harvester ant nes sites by Persian goitered gazelle in steppes of central Iran Basic and Applied Ecology,14:702-711.
Folgarait PJ.1998.Ant biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem functioning:A review.Biodiversity and Conservation,7:1221-1244.
Folgarait PJ,Perelman S,Gorosito N,et al.2002.Effects o Camponotus punctulatus ants on plant community composition and soil properties across land-use histories.Plan Ecology,163:1-13.
Haines BL.1978.Element and energy flow through colonies o the leaf-cutting ant,Atta Colombica,in Panama.Biotropica,10:270-277.
Hurlbert SH.1978.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives.Ecology,59:67-77.
JílkovV,Frouz J.2014.Contribution of ant and microbial respiration to CO2emission from wood ant(Formica polyctena)nests.European Journal of Soil Biology,60:44-48.
JílkovV,ebek O,Frouz J.2012.Mechanisms of pH change in wood ant(Formica polyctena)nests.Pedobiologia,55:247-251.
KovrP,KovárovM,Dostl P,et al.2001.Vegetation of anthills in a mountain grassland:Effects of mound history and of dominant ant species.Plant Ecology,156:215-227.
Levan MA,Stone EL.1983.Soil modifications by colonies of black meadows ants in a New York old field.Soil Science Society of America Journal,47:1192-1195.
Levins R.1968.Evolution in Changing Environments:Some Theoretical Explorations.New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
Nash MS,Whitford WG,Bradford DF,et al.2001.Ant communities and livestock grazing in the Great Basin,U.S.A.Journal of Arid Environments,49:695-710.
Richards PJ.2009.Aphaenogaster ants as bioturbators in Australia:Impacts on soil and slope processes.Earth Science Reviews,96:92-106.
Thompson K,Gaston KJ,Band SR.1999.Range size,dispersal and niche breadth in the herbaceous flora of central England.Journal of Ecology,87:150-155.
Wagner D,Jones JB.2006.The impact of harvester ants on decomposition,N mineralization,litter quality,and the availability of N to plants in the Mojave Desert.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38:2593-2601.
Whitforda WG,Barness G,Steinbergerb Y.2008.Effects of three species of Chihuahuan Desert ants on annual plants and soil properties.Journal of Arid Environments,72:392-400.
Walker B.1995.Conserving biological diversity through ecosystem resilience.Conservation Biology,9:747-752.
Zhou HY,Liu LC,Tan HJ,et al.2012.The photosynthetic niche breadth of several desert shrubs and their potential ecological significance.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32:1-8.
陈波,周兴民.1995.三种嵩草群落中若干植物种的生态位宽度与重叠分析.植物生态学报,19(2):158-169.
贾婷婷,毛亮,郭正刚.2014.高原鼠兔有效洞穴密度对青藏高原高寒草甸群落植物生态位的影响.生态学报,34(4):869-877.
李有志,张灿明,林鹏.2009.土壤种子库评述.草业科学,26(3):83-90.
李庆新,盛连喜,周道玮,等.2003.松嫩草原黄墩蚁对羊草群落组成与生物量的影响.生态学杂志,22(6):49-52.
李博.2004.生态学.北京:高等教育出版社.
刘任涛,赵哈林,赵学勇.2009.科尔沁沙地流动沙丘掘穴蚁蚁丘分布及影响因素.应用生态学报,20(2):376-380.
刘帅华,贺康宁,董梅,等.2012.青海大通不同人工林林下草本群落生态位特征.四川农业大学学报,30(2):167-173.
蒙凤群,高贤明,孙书存.2011.川西北高寒草甸蚁丘植物群落演替:种类组成与物种多样性.植物分类与资源学报,33(2):191-199.
沈敏,蒲珉锴,王筱卉.2009.红原县草地荒漠化现状及治理对策初探.草业与畜牧,(8):28-31.
唐觉,李参,黄恩友,等.1986.蚂蚁.生物学通报,(7):10-12.
王润.2005.红原草地荒漠化变化遥感分析(硕士学位论文).重庆:西南农业大学.
向泽宇,陈瑞芳,蒋忠荣,等.2014.川西北高寒草甸对火烧干扰的短期响应.草业科学,31(11):2034-2041.
赵有益,龙瑞军,林慧龙,等.2008.草地生态系统安全及其评价研究.草业学报,17(2):143-150.
赵永华,雷瑞德,何兴元,等.2004.秦岭锐齿栎林种群生态位特征研究.应用生态学报,15(6):913-918.
张林静,岳明,赵桂仿,等.2002.生态位不同计测方法在绿洲荒漠交错带应用的比较分析.生态学杂志,21(4):71-75.
Bengtsson J,Fagerstrm T,Rydin H.1994.Competition and coexistence in plant communities.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,9:246-250.
Brener FAG,Silva JF.1995.Leaf-cutting ant nests and soil fertility in a well-drained savanna in Western Venezuela.Biotropica,27:250-254.
CerdA,Jurgensen MF.2011.Ant mounds as a source of sediment on citrus orchard plantations in eastern Spain.Catena,85:231-236.
Carlson SR,Whitford WG.1991.Ant mound influenced on vegetation and soils in a semi-arid mountain ecosystem.The American Midland Naturalist,126:125-139.
Cammeraat LH,Willott SJ,Compton SG,et al.2002.The effects of ants’nests on the physical,chemical and hydrological properties of a rangeland soil in semi-arid Spain Geoderma,105:1-20.
Dauber J,Rommeler A,Wolters V.2006.The ant Lasius flavus alters the viable seed bank in pastures.European Journal o Soil Biology,42:157-163.
Dostál P.2005.Effect of three mound-building ant species on the formation of soil seed bank in mountain grassland.Flora,200:148-158.
Esmaeili S,Hemami MR.2013.Utilization of harvester ant nes sites by Persian goitered gazelle in steppes of central Iran Basic and Applied Ecology,14:702-711.
Folgarait PJ.1998.Ant biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem functioning:A review.Biodiversity and Conservation,7:1221-1244.
Folgarait PJ,Perelman S,Gorosito N,et al.2002.Effects o Camponotus punctulatus ants on plant community composition and soil properties across land-use histories.Plan Ecology,163:1-13.
Haines BL.1978.Element and energy flow through colonies o the leaf-cutting ant,Atta Colombica,in Panama.Biotropica,10:270-277.
Hurlbert SH.1978.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives.Ecology,59:67-77.
JílkovV,Frouz J.2014.Contribution of ant and microbial respiration to CO2emission from wood ant(Formica polyctena)nests.European Journal of Soil Biology,60:44-48.
JílkovV,ebek O,Frouz J.2012.Mechanisms of pH change in wood ant(Formica polyctena)nests.Pedobiologia,55:247-251.
KovrP,KovárovM,Dostl P,et al.2001.Vegetation of anthills in a mountain grassland:Effects of mound history and of dominant ant species.Plant Ecology,156:215-227.
Levan MA,Stone EL.1983.Soil modifications by colonies of black meadows ants in a New York old field.Soil Science Society of America Journal,47:1192-1195.
Levins R.1968.Evolution in Changing Environments:Some Theoretical Explorations.New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
Nash MS,Whitford WG,Bradford DF,et al.2001.Ant communities and livestock grazing in the Great Basin,U.S.A.Journal of Arid Environments,49:695-710.
Richards PJ.2009.Aphaenogaster ants as bioturbators in Australia:Impacts on soil and slope processes.Earth Science Reviews,96:92-106.
Thompson K,Gaston KJ,Band SR.1999.Range size,dispersal and niche breadth in the herbaceous flora of central England.Journal of Ecology,87:150-155.
Wagner D,Jones JB.2006.The impact of harvester ants on decomposition,N mineralization,litter quality,and the availability of N to plants in the Mojave Desert.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38:2593-2601.
Whitforda WG,Barness G,Steinbergerb Y.2008.Effects of three species of Chihuahuan Desert ants on annual plants and soil properties.Journal of Arid Environments,72:392-400.
Walker B.1995.Conserving biological diversity through ecosystem resilience.Conservation Biology,9:747-752.
Zhou HY,Liu LC,Tan HJ,et al.2012.The photosynthetic niche breadth of several desert shrubs and their potential ecological significance.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32:1-8.