结核病免疫学与应用简介
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摘要
结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染而引起的呼吸道传染病。本文着重介绍了以巨噬细胞为主的自然免疫和以细胞免疫为主的获得性免疫,并讨论以结核病免疫学为基础的疫苗和诊断技术的研发思路。同时,此文旨在介绍结核病研究领域的最新成果和思路,为结核病防治工作的一线工作者提供参考。
Tuberculosis( TB) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This paper introduced natural immunity based on macrophages and acquired immunity based on cellular immunity,and discussed the research and development thinking of vaccines and diagnostic techniques based on tuberculosis immunology. This paper also aims to introduce the latest achievements and ideas in the field of TB research,so as to provide a reference for the front-line workers in TB control.
Tuberculosis( TB) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This paper introduced natural immunity based on macrophages and acquired immunity based on cellular immunity,and discussed the research and development thinking of vaccines and diagnostic techniques based on tuberculosis immunology. This paper also aims to introduce the latest achievements and ideas in the field of TB research,so as to provide a reference for the front-line workers in TB control.
引文
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[2]Kleinnijenhuis J,Oosting M,Joosten LAB,et al.Innate immune recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Clinical and Developmental Immunology,2011.
[3]Harding CV,Boom WH.Regulation of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis:a role for Toll-like receptors[J].Nature reviews microbiology,2010,8(4):296-307.
[4]Russell DG.Mycobacterium tuberculosis:here today,and here tomorrow[J].Nature reviews Molecular cell biology,2001,2(8):569-577.
[5]Vergne I,Chua J,Singh SB,et al.Cell biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome[J].Annu.Rev.Cell Dev.Biol.,2004,20:367-394.
[6]Tan T,Lee WL,Alexander DC,et al.The ESAT‐6/CFP‐10 secretion system of Mycobacterium marinum modulates phagosome maturation[J].Cellular microbiology,2006,8(9):1417-1429.
[7]Keane J,Remold HG,Kornfeld H.Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains evade apoptosis of infected alveolar macrophages[J].The Journal of Immunology,2000,164(4):2016-2020.
[8]Divangahi M,Chen M,Gan H,et al.Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades macrophage defenses by inhibiting plasma membrane repair[J].Nature immunology,2009,10(8):899-906.
[9]Balcewicz-Sablinska MK,Keane J,Kornfeld H,et al.Pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades apoptosis of host macrophages by release of TNF-R2,resulting in inactivation of TNF-α[J].The journal of Immunology,1998,161(5):2636-2641.
[10]Grode L,Seiler P,Baumann S,et al.Increased vaccine efficacy against tuberculosis of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin mutants that secrete listeriolysin[J].The Journal of clinical investigation,2005,115(9):2472-2479.
[11]Winau F,Weber S,Sad S,et al.Apoptotic vesicles crossprime CD8 T cells and protect against tuberculosis[J].Immunity,2006,24(1):105-117.
[12]Hinchey J,Lee S,Jeon B Y,et al.Enhanced priming of adaptive immunity by a proapoptotic mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].The Journal of clinical investigation,2007,117(8):2279-2288.
[13]Ciaramella A,Cavone A,Santucci MB,et al.Induction of apoptosis and release of interleukin-1βby cell wallassociated 19-kDa lipoprotein during the course of mycobacterial infection[J].The Journal of infectious diseases,2004,190(6):1167-1176.
[14]North RJ,Jung YJ.Immunity to tuberculosis[J].Annu.Rev.Immunol,2004,22:599-623.
[15]Tufariello JAM,Chan J,Flynn JAL.Latent tuberculosis:mechanisms of host and bacillus that contribute to persistent infection[J].The Lancet infectious diseases,2003,3(9):578-590.
[16]Andersen P,Kaufmann SHE.Novel vaccination strategies against tuberculosis[J].Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine,2014,4(6):a018523.
[17]Cooper AM.Cell-mediated immune responses in tuberculosis[J].Annual review of immunology,2009,27:393-422.
[18]Cooper AM,Dalton DK,Stewart TA,et al.Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon gamma gene-disrupted mice[J].Journal of Experimental Medicine,1993,178(6):2243-2247.
[19]Flynn JAL,Chan J,Triebold KJ,et al.An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection[J].Journal of Experimental Medicine,1993,178(6):2249-2254.
[20]Scanga CA,Mohan VP,Tanaka K,et al.The inducible nitric oxide synthase locus confers protection against aerogenic challenge of both clinical and laboratory strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice[J].Infection and immunity,2001,69(12):7711-7717.
[21]Bean AGD,Roach DR,Briscoe H,et al.Structural deficiencies in granuloma formation in TNF gene-targeted mice underlie the heightened susceptibility to aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,which is not compensated for by lymphotoxin[J].The Journal of Immunology,1999,162(6):3504-3511.
[22]Chan J,Flynn JA.The immunological aspects of latency in tuberculosis[J].Clinical immunology,2004,110(1):2-12.
[23]Flynn JAL,Chan J.What’s good for the host is good for the bug[J].Trends in microbiology,2005,13(3):98-102.
[24]Caruso AM,Serbina N,Klein E,et al.Mice deficient in CD4 T cells have only transiently diminished levels of IFN-γ,yet succumb to tuberculosis[J].The Journal of Immunology,1999,162(9):5407-5416.
[25]Scanga CA,Mohan VP,Yu K,et al.Depletion of CD4+Tcells causes reactivation of murine persistent tuberculosis despite continued expression of interferonγand nitric oxide synthase 2[J].Journal of Experimental Medicine,2000,192(3):347-358.
[26]Grotzke JE,Lewinsohn DM.Role of CD8+T lymphocytes in control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection[J].Microbes and Infection,2005,7(4):776-788.
[27]Van Pinxteren LAH,Cassidy JP,Smedegaard B H C,et al.Control of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is dependent on CD8 T cells[J].European journal of immunology,2000,30(12):3689-3698.
[28]Lu LL,Chung AW,Rosebrock TR,et al.A functional role for antibodies in tuberculosis[J].Cell,2016,167(2):433-443.e14.
[29]Achkar JM,Casadevall A.Antibody-mediated immunity against tuberculosis:implications for vaccine development[J].Cell hostµbe,2013,13(3):250-262.
[30]Liu J,Tran V,Leung AS,et al.BCG vaccines:their mechanisms of attenuation and impact on safety and protective efficacy[J].Human vaccines,2009,5(2):70-78.
[31]Colditz GA,Berkey CS,Mosteller F,et al.The efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination of newborns and infants in the prevention of tuberculosis:meta-analyses of the published literature[J].Pediatrics,1995,96(1):29-35.
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[33]Brewer TF.Preventing tuberculosis with bacillus CalmetteGuerin vaccine:a meta-analysis of the literature[J].Clinical Infectious Diseases,2000,31(Supplement_3):S64-S67.
[34]Colditz GA,Brewer TF,Berkey CS,et al.Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis:metaanalysis of the published literature[J].Jama,1994,271(9):698-702.
[35]Skeiky YAW,Sadoff JC.Advances in tuberculosis vaccine strategies[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2006,4(6):469.
[36]Desel C,Dorhoi A,Bandermann S,et al.Recombinant BCGDeltaure C hly+induces superior protection over parental BCG by stimulating a balanced combination of type 1 and type 17 cytokine responses[J].J Infect Dis,2011,204,1573-1584.
[37]Williams A,Hatch GJ,Clark SO,et al.Evaluation of vaccines in the EU TB Vaccine Cluster using a guinea pig aerosol infection model of tuberculosis[J].Tuberculosis,2005,85(1-2):29-38.
[38]Sun R,Skeiky YAW,Izzo A,et al.Novel recombinant BCGexpressing perfringolysin O and the over-expression of key immunodominant antigens;pre-clinical characterization,safety and protection against challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Vaccine,2009,27(33):4412-4423.
[39]Horwitz MA,Lee BW,Dillon BJ,et al.Protective immunity against tuberculosis induced by vaccination with major extracellular proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1995,92(5):1530-1534.
[40]Boesen H,Jensen BN,Wilcke T,et al.Human T-cell responses to secreted antigen fractions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Infection and Immunity,1995,63(4):1491-1497.
[41]Pal PG,Horwitz MA.Immunization with extracellular proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces cell-mediated immune responses and substantial protective immunity in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis[J].Infection and Immunity,1992,60(11):4781-4792.
[42]Roberts AD,Sonnenberg MG,Ordway DJ,et al.Characteristics of protective immunity engendered by vaccination of mice with purified culture filtrate protein antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Immunology,1995,85(3):502-502.
[43]Bassey EOE,Life PF,Catty D,et al.T-cell response to mycobacterial proteins:a comparative study of tuberculous and control immunoblots of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M.bovis BCG[J].Tubercle and Lung Disease,1996,77(2):146-153.
[44]Borremans M,de Wit L,Volckaert G,et al.Cloning,sequence determination,and expression of a 32-kilodaltonprotein gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Infection and immunity,1989,57(10):3123-3130.
[45]Brandt L,Elhay M,Rosenkrands I,et al.ESAT-6 Subunit Vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].Infection and immunity,2000,68(2):791-795.
[46]Brodin P,Majlessi L,Brosch R,et al.Enhanced Protection against Tuberculosis by Vaccination with Recombinant Mycobacterium microti Vaccine That Induces T Cell Immunity against Region of Difference 1 Antigenss[J].The Journal of infectious diseases,2004,190(1):115-122.
[47]Coler RN,Skeiky YAW,Vedvick T,et al.Molecular cloning and immunologic reactivity of a novel low molecular mass antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis[J].The Journal of Immunology,1998,161(5):2356-2364.
[48]Dietrich J,Aagaard C,Leah R,et al.Exchanging ESAT6with TB10.4 in an Ag 85B fusion molecule-based tuberculosis subunit vaccine:efficient protection and ESAT6-based sensitive monitoring of vaccine efficacy[J].The Journal of Immunology,2005,174(10):6332-6339.
[49]Langermans JAM,Doherty TM,Vervenne RAW,et al.Protection of macaques against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by a subunit vaccine based on a fusion protein of antigen 85B and ESAT-6[J].Vaccine,2005,23(21):2740-2750.
[50]Skeiky YAW,Alderson MR,Ovendale PJ,et al.Differential immune responses and protective efficacy induced by components of a tuberculosis polyprotein vaccine,Mtb72F,delivered as naked DNA or recombinant protein[J].The Journal of Immunology,2004,172(12):7618-7628.
[51]Olsen AW,van Pinxteren LAH,Okkels LM,et al.Protection of mice with a tuberculosis subunit vaccine based on a fusion protein of antigen 85b and esat-6[J].Infection and immunity,2001,69(5):2773-2778.
[52]Abel B,Tameris M,Mansoor N,et al.The novel tuberculosis vaccine,AERAS-402,induces robust and polyfunctional CD4+and CD8+T cells in adults[J].American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,2010,181(12):1407-1417.
[53]Tameris MD,Hatherill M,Landry BS,et al.Safety and efficacy of MVA85A,a new tuberculosis vaccine,in infants previously vaccinated with BCG:a randomised,placebocontrolled phase 2b trial[J].The Lancet,2013,381(9871):1021-1028.
[54]WMCV for Tuberculosis,S Group-Vaccine.Developing whole mycobacteria cell vaccines for tuberculosis:workshop proceedings,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology,Berlin,Germany,July 9,2014[J].Vaccine,2015,33(26):3047-3055.
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