利用红外相机调查祁连山国家公园(青海片区)兽类和鸟类多样性
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摘要
2017年5-9月,采用红外相机调查祁连山国家公园(青海片区)兽类和鸟类多样性。共布设154个相机位点,累计12 096个相机日,共获得9 675张有效独立照片,鉴定23种野生兽类和50种野生鸟类物种,分别隶属5目10科和9目19科,另记录到家畜5种。相对多度指数最高的前五种野生动物依次为岩羊(Pseudois rnayaur)(18.23)、喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayarea)(15.98)、灰尾兔(Lepus oiostolus)(5.06)、红嘴山鸦(Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax)(3.39)、高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)(2.49)。中国特有物种有荒漠猫(Felis bieti)、白唇鹿(Ceryus albirostris)、西藏马鹿(Cervus wallichii)、藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata)、红耳鼠兔(Ochotana erythrotis)、蓝马鸡(Crossoptilon auritum)和地山雀(Pseudopocdoces humilis)7种。国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物有4种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物有20种;被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为极危、濒危、易危、近危的物种分别有1种、6种、3种、14种。红外相机调查结果反映出祁连山国家公园(青海片区)兽类和鸟类现状,为祁连山国家公园体制试点生物多样性保护和管理提供基础数据。
Camera traps were installed to investigate mammalian and avian species diversity in the Qilian Mountain National Park(Qinghai area),China,from May to September 2017.This study consisted of an intensive survey effort of 12 096 camera days at 154 locations.We collected 9 675 independent photographs representing 23 species of wild mammals belonging to 10 families and 5 orders,50 species of wild birds belonging to 19 families and 9 orders,and 5 domestic animal species.The five most abundant species were Pseudois nayaur(18.23),Marmota himalayana(15.98),Lepus oiostolus(5.06),Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax(3.39)and Ochotona curzoniae(2.49).Among the detected species,4 are listed as Class I state key protected wild animals in China and 20 as Class II.One species is classified as Critically Endangered by the Red List of China's Vertebrates,6 are classified as Endangered,3 are classified as Vulnerable and 14 are classified as Near Threatened.Seven of the photographed species are endemic to China and include Felis bieti,Gervus albirostris,Cervus wallichii,Procapra picticaudata,Ochotana erythrotis,Crossoptilon auritum and Pseudopodoces humilis.Our results provide a comprehensive baseline of the wildlife present in the Qilian Mountain National Park(Qinghai area)to be used for biodiversity management and conservation purposes.
Camera traps were installed to investigate mammalian and avian species diversity in the Qilian Mountain National Park(Qinghai area),China,from May to September 2017.This study consisted of an intensive survey effort of 12 096 camera days at 154 locations.We collected 9 675 independent photographs representing 23 species of wild mammals belonging to 10 families and 5 orders,50 species of wild birds belonging to 19 families and 9 orders,and 5 domestic animal species.The five most abundant species were Pseudois nayaur(18.23),Marmota himalayana(15.98),Lepus oiostolus(5.06),Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax(3.39)and Ochotona curzoniae(2.49).Among the detected species,4 are listed as Class I state key protected wild animals in China and 20 as Class II.One species is classified as Critically Endangered by the Red List of China's Vertebrates,6 are classified as Endangered,3 are classified as Vulnerable and 14 are classified as Near Threatened.Seven of the photographed species are endemic to China and include Felis bieti,Gervus albirostris,Cervus wallichii,Procapra picticaudata,Ochotana erythrotis,Crossoptilon auritum and Pseudopodoces humilis.Our results provide a comprehensive baseline of the wildlife present in the Qilian Mountain National Park(Qinghai area)to be used for biodiversity management and conservation purposes.
引文
Dong X,Zhang S B,Zhang G Q.2007.Scientific Investigation of Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve in Qinghai.Beijing:China Forestry Press.(in Chinese)
Import and Export of Endangered Species Management Office of the People's Republic of China.2010.Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species(CITES),AppendixⅠ,AppendixⅡ,and AppendixⅢ.http://www.cites.gov.cn.(2016-09-08).(in Chinese)
Jiang Z G,Jiang J P,Wang Y Z,Zhang E,Zhang Y Y,Li L L,Xie F,Cai B,Cao L,Zheng G M,Dong L,Zhang Z W,Ding P,Luo Z H,Ding C Q,Ma Z J,Tang S H,Cao W X,Li C W,Hu H J,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang Y X,Zhou K Y,Liu S Y,Chen Y Y,Li J T,Feng Z J,Wang Y,Wang B,Li C,Song X L,Cai L,Zang C X,Zeng Y,Meng Z B,Fang H X,Ping X G.2016.Red list of China's vertebrates.Biodiversity Science,24(5):500-551.(in Chinese)
Jiang Z G,Liu S Y,Wu Y,Jiang X L,Zhou K Y.2017.China's mammal diversity(2nd edition).Biodiversity Science,25(8):886-895.(in Chinese)
Jiang Z G,Xu A C.2006.Snow leopard(Un.cia uncia).Chinese Journal of Zoology,41(4):128.(in Chinese)
Li S,Mchea W J,Wang D J,Shao L K,Shi X G.2010.The use of infrared-triggered cameras for surveying phasianids in Sichuan Province,China.Ibis,152(2):299-309.
Li S,Wang D J,Xiao Z S,Li X H,Wang T M,Fen L M,Wang Y.2014.Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22(6):685-695.(in Chinese)
Li S,Wang D J,Bu H L,Liu X G,Jin T.2016.Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):282-291.(in Chinese)
Michalski F,Peres C A.2007.Disturbance-mediated mammal persistence and abundance-area relationships in Amazonian forest fragments.Conservation Biology,21(6):1626-1640.
Ma M,Xu F,Chundawat R S,Jumabay K,Wu Y Q,Ai Z Z,Zhu M H.2006.Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Moutains.Acta Zoologica Sinica,52(4):788-793.(in Chinese)
Ministry of Environmental Protection.2011.Ministries of Joint-Drafting China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011—2030).Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,73-74.(in Chinese)
Smith A T,Xie Y.2009.A Guide to the Mammals of China.Changsha:Hunan Education Press.(in Chinese)
Wang L.2008.The ecotourism in Gansu Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve based on ecology footprint model.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,33(3):20-24.(in Chinese)
Wang S J,Wei J H.2009.Studies of wildlife conservation strategies in Qilian National Region.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,34(1):62-65.(in Chinese)
Wang Y M.2018.Countermeasures on strengthening ecological barrier construction in Qilian Mountains.Journal of Green Science and Technology,20:49-50.(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S,Li X H,Jiang G S.2014.Applications of camera trapping to wildlife surveys in China.Biodiversity Science, 22(6):683-684.(in Chinese)
Yasuda M.2004.Monitoring diversity and abundance of mammals with camera traps:a case study on Mount Tsukuba,central Japan.Mammal Study,29(1):37-46.
Zheng G M.2017.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China(Third Edition).Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Zhang C C,Wang J,Alexander J S,Dou Z G,Wu L J,Dong W T,Dabuxilite,Yang J C,Shi K.2018.Biodiversity assessment of mammal and bird species from camera trap data in Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province,China.Journal of Re-sources and Ecology, 9(5):565-574.
Zhu S Y,Duan F,Li S.2017.Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Sciences,25(10):1114-1122.(in Chinese)
Smith AT,解焱.2009.中国兽类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社.
马鸣,徐峰,Chundawat R S,Jumabay K,吴逸群,艾则孜,朱马洪.2006.利用自动照相术获得天山雪豹拍摄率与个体数量.动物学报,52(4):788-793.
王有茂.2018.关于加强祁连山生态屏障建设的对策.绿色科技,20:49-50.
王善举,魏建辉.2009.祁连山珍稀濒危野生动物保护战略研究.甘肃林业科技,34(1):62-75.
王零.2008.基于生态足迹的甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区生态旅游.甘肃林业科技,33(3):20-24.
中华人民共和国濒危物种进出口管理办公室.2010.《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅰ、附录Ⅱ和附录Ⅲ.http://www.cites.gov.cn.(2016-09-08)
中国野生动植物保护司.1989.中国人民共和国野生动物保护法//国家重点保护野生动物名录.北京:中国法制出版社.
朱淑怡,段菲,李晟.2017.基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25(10):1114-1122.
刘伟,朝强,张胜邦.2017.青海祁连山自然保护区常见野生动物观察手册.西宁:青海民族出版社.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社.
李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景.生物多样性,22(6):685-695.
李晟,王大军,卜红亮,刘小庚,靳彤.2016.四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查.兽类学报,36(3):282-291.
肖治术,李欣海,王学志,周岐海,权锐昌,申小莉,李晟.2014.探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范.生物多样性,22(6):704-711.
环境保护部.2011.中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011-2030).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
国家林业局调查规划设计院,青海省祁连山自然保护区管理局.2017.青海祁连山自然保护区总体规划(2017-2026).http://www.forestry.gov.cn/.2019-02-15.
国家林业和草原局(国家公园管理局).2019.祁连山国家公园总体规划(征求意见稿).中国林业网http://www.forestry,gov.cn/.2019-02-15.
郑光美.2017.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三片).北京:科学出版社.
董旭,张胜邦,张更权.2007.青海祁连山自然保护区科学考察集.北京:中国林业出版社.
蒋志刚,徐爱春.2006.雪豹.动物学杂志,41(4):128.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,张鹗,张雁云,李立立,谢锋,蔡波,曹亮,郑光美,董路,张正旺,丁平,罗振华,丁长青,马志军,汤宋华,曹文宣,李春旺,胡慧建,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,陈跃英,李家堂,冯祚建,王燕,王斌,李成,宋雪琳,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,曾岩,孟智斌,方红霞,平晓鸽.2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
蒋志刚,刘少英,吴毅,蒋学龙,周开亚.2017.中国哺乳动物多样性(第2版).生物多样性,28(8):886-895.
Import and Export of Endangered Species Management Office of the People's Republic of China.2010.Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species(CITES),AppendixⅠ,AppendixⅡ,and AppendixⅢ.http://www.cites.gov.cn.(2016-09-08).(in Chinese)
Jiang Z G,Jiang J P,Wang Y Z,Zhang E,Zhang Y Y,Li L L,Xie F,Cai B,Cao L,Zheng G M,Dong L,Zhang Z W,Ding P,Luo Z H,Ding C Q,Ma Z J,Tang S H,Cao W X,Li C W,Hu H J,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang Y X,Zhou K Y,Liu S Y,Chen Y Y,Li J T,Feng Z J,Wang Y,Wang B,Li C,Song X L,Cai L,Zang C X,Zeng Y,Meng Z B,Fang H X,Ping X G.2016.Red list of China's vertebrates.Biodiversity Science,24(5):500-551.(in Chinese)
Jiang Z G,Liu S Y,Wu Y,Jiang X L,Zhou K Y.2017.China's mammal diversity(2nd edition).Biodiversity Science,25(8):886-895.(in Chinese)
Jiang Z G,Xu A C.2006.Snow leopard(Un.cia uncia).Chinese Journal of Zoology,41(4):128.(in Chinese)
Li S,Mchea W J,Wang D J,Shao L K,Shi X G.2010.The use of infrared-triggered cameras for surveying phasianids in Sichuan Province,China.Ibis,152(2):299-309.
Li S,Wang D J,Xiao Z S,Li X H,Wang T M,Fen L M,Wang Y.2014.Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22(6):685-695.(in Chinese)
Li S,Wang D J,Bu H L,Liu X G,Jin T.2016.Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):282-291.(in Chinese)
Michalski F,Peres C A.2007.Disturbance-mediated mammal persistence and abundance-area relationships in Amazonian forest fragments.Conservation Biology,21(6):1626-1640.
Ma M,Xu F,Chundawat R S,Jumabay K,Wu Y Q,Ai Z Z,Zhu M H.2006.Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Moutains.Acta Zoologica Sinica,52(4):788-793.(in Chinese)
Ministry of Environmental Protection.2011.Ministries of Joint-Drafting China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011—2030).Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,73-74.(in Chinese)
Smith A T,Xie Y.2009.A Guide to the Mammals of China.Changsha:Hunan Education Press.(in Chinese)
Wang L.2008.The ecotourism in Gansu Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve based on ecology footprint model.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,33(3):20-24.(in Chinese)
Wang S J,Wei J H.2009.Studies of wildlife conservation strategies in Qilian National Region.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,34(1):62-65.(in Chinese)
Wang Y M.2018.Countermeasures on strengthening ecological barrier construction in Qilian Mountains.Journal of Green Science and Technology,20:49-50.(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S,Li X H,Jiang G S.2014.Applications of camera trapping to wildlife surveys in China.Biodiversity Science, 22(6):683-684.(in Chinese)
Yasuda M.2004.Monitoring diversity and abundance of mammals with camera traps:a case study on Mount Tsukuba,central Japan.Mammal Study,29(1):37-46.
Zheng G M.2017.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China(Third Edition).Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Zhang C C,Wang J,Alexander J S,Dou Z G,Wu L J,Dong W T,Dabuxilite,Yang J C,Shi K.2018.Biodiversity assessment of mammal and bird species from camera trap data in Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province,China.Journal of Re-sources and Ecology, 9(5):565-574.
Zhu S Y,Duan F,Li S.2017.Promoting diversity inventory and monitoring of birds through the camera-trapping network in China:status,challenges and future outlook.Biodiversity Sciences,25(10):1114-1122.(in Chinese)
Smith AT,解焱.2009.中国兽类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社.
马鸣,徐峰,Chundawat R S,Jumabay K,吴逸群,艾则孜,朱马洪.2006.利用自动照相术获得天山雪豹拍摄率与个体数量.动物学报,52(4):788-793.
王有茂.2018.关于加强祁连山生态屏障建设的对策.绿色科技,20:49-50.
王善举,魏建辉.2009.祁连山珍稀濒危野生动物保护战略研究.甘肃林业科技,34(1):62-75.
王零.2008.基于生态足迹的甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区生态旅游.甘肃林业科技,33(3):20-24.
中华人民共和国濒危物种进出口管理办公室.2010.《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅰ、附录Ⅱ和附录Ⅲ.http://www.cites.gov.cn.(2016-09-08)
中国野生动植物保护司.1989.中国人民共和国野生动物保护法//国家重点保护野生动物名录.北京:中国法制出版社.
朱淑怡,段菲,李晟.2017.基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景.生物多样性,25(10):1114-1122.
刘伟,朝强,张胜邦.2017.青海祁连山自然保护区常见野生动物观察手册.西宁:青海民族出版社.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社.
李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景.生物多样性,22(6):685-695.
李晟,王大军,卜红亮,刘小庚,靳彤.2016.四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查.兽类学报,36(3):282-291.
肖治术,李欣海,王学志,周岐海,权锐昌,申小莉,李晟.2014.探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范.生物多样性,22(6):704-711.
环境保护部.2011.中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011-2030).北京:中国环境科学出版社.
国家林业局调查规划设计院,青海省祁连山自然保护区管理局.2017.青海祁连山自然保护区总体规划(2017-2026).http://www.forestry.gov.cn/.2019-02-15.
国家林业和草原局(国家公园管理局).2019.祁连山国家公园总体规划(征求意见稿).中国林业网http://www.forestry,gov.cn/.2019-02-15.
郑光美.2017.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三片).北京:科学出版社.
董旭,张胜邦,张更权.2007.青海祁连山自然保护区科学考察集.北京:中国林业出版社.
蒋志刚,徐爱春.2006.雪豹.动物学杂志,41(4):128.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,张鹗,张雁云,李立立,谢锋,蔡波,曹亮,郑光美,董路,张正旺,丁平,罗振华,丁长青,马志军,汤宋华,曹文宣,李春旺,胡慧建,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,陈跃英,李家堂,冯祚建,王燕,王斌,李成,宋雪琳,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,曾岩,孟智斌,方红霞,平晓鸽.2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
蒋志刚,刘少英,吴毅,蒋学龙,周开亚.2017.中国哺乳动物多样性(第2版).生物多样性,28(8):886-895.