禾草内生真菌与丛枝菌根互作对多年生黑麦草生长及叶斑病的影响
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摘要
为明确禾草内生真菌和丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)互作对多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne生长发育及叶斑病的影响,设置禾草内生真菌处理(由带有和不带禾草内生真菌种子建立)、AMF(幼套球囊霉Claroideoglomus etunicatum和根内球囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices)单独接种和混合接种处理及不接菌处理(对照),并在植物生长6周后接种或不接种多年生黑麦草叶斑病病原菌根腐离蠕孢Bipolaris sorokiniana,测定各处理多年生黑麦草的发病率、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率、AMF侵染率、P含量和生物量。结果表明:接种病原菌2周后,多年生黑麦草叶斑病的发病率为25.00%～38.75%,禾草内生真菌和幼套球囊霉均在一定程度上降低了多年生黑麦草的发病率,二者共同作用时发病率显著降低了35.48%。禾草内生真菌与AMF互作能在一定程度上提高植物叶绿素含量,促进光合作用,并促进P吸收和植物生长,二者的互作效应因禾草内生真菌与AMF组合而异,但均优于二者单独使用时的效应,其中禾草内生真菌与幼套球囊霉互作对多年生黑麦草生长及叶斑病防治的效果最好。
To clarify the effects of grass endophyte and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) on growth and leaf spot disease of perennial ryegrass, perennial ryegrass infected with(E+) and without(E-) grass endophyte, and two AMF, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Rhizophagus intraradices individual or mixed were used to establish the grass endophyte and AMF treatments, and the Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia was inoculated with(B+) or without(B-) to above treatments six weeks after seedling emergence. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, percentage of AMF colonization, disease incidence, plant dry weight and P content were analysed. The results showed that two weeks after inoculation, the disease incidence of B. sorokiniana was 25.00%-38.75%. The presence in plants of both grass endophyte and C. etunicatum decreased plants incidence to some extent, and the disease incidence was significantly decreased by 35.48% in the treatment that inoculated with C. etunicatum and infected with grass endophyte. The combination of AMF and grass endophyte had stronger positive effects on increase chlorophyll content, promote plant photosynthesis, improve P uptake and plant growth compared with the individual inoculation of AMF or grass endophyte, the effects were varied with the combination of AMF and grass endophyte, of which the combination of C. etunicatum and grass endophyte was best across the treatments.
To clarify the effects of grass endophyte and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) on growth and leaf spot disease of perennial ryegrass, perennial ryegrass infected with(E+) and without(E-) grass endophyte, and two AMF, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Rhizophagus intraradices individual or mixed were used to establish the grass endophyte and AMF treatments, and the Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia was inoculated with(B+) or without(B-) to above treatments six weeks after seedling emergence. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, percentage of AMF colonization, disease incidence, plant dry weight and P content were analysed. The results showed that two weeks after inoculation, the disease incidence of B. sorokiniana was 25.00%-38.75%. The presence in plants of both grass endophyte and C. etunicatum decreased plants incidence to some extent, and the disease incidence was significantly decreased by 35.48% in the treatment that inoculated with C. etunicatum and infected with grass endophyte. The combination of AMF and grass endophyte had stronger positive effects on increase chlorophyll content, promote plant photosynthesis, improve P uptake and plant growth compared with the individual inoculation of AMF or grass endophyte, the effects were varied with the combination of AMF and grass endophyte, of which the combination of C. etunicatum and grass endophyte was best across the treatments.
引文
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