秸秆粉碎还田免耕播种施肥机的设计与试验
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摘要
为解决现有免耕播种机存在的架种、吊苗现象,设计一种秸秆粉碎还田免耕播种施肥机,能够一次性完成秸秆粉碎还田、洁区播种和侧施肥作业。该机结构简单、秸秆抛洒均匀。对该机的总机结构、工作原理、主要工作部件的设计和相关参数选择进行了详细阐述。运用SolidWorks软件建立了秸秆粉碎还田免耕播种施肥机的三维模型,通过ANSYS对关键部件进行有限元分析并进行校核。经田间玉米播种试验验证,秸秆粉碎合格率92.5%,粒距合格率93.2%,种子肥料相对位置合格率97.4%,仿形地轮滑移率3.6%,晾籽率1.3%。该机器能够满足玉米免耕播种要求,有助于解决免耕播种的架种和吊苗问题。
In order to solve the problem of suspension seed and hanging seedling in no-tillage seedling machinery, we designed a no-tillage planter with smashing straw and fertilization, which can complete straw crushing and returning to the field, seeding in clean area, fertilization on the side at one time. The structure of the machine is simple and the straw is sprinkled evenly. The structure and working principle of the machine were described in detail, and the design of main working parts and the selection of related parameters were introduced. A 3 D model of straw comminuting and no-tillage seedling and fertilizing machine was established by using SolidWorks software. The key parts were analyzed and checked by ANSYS. The field sowing corn experiments showed that the qualified rates of stubble cleaning, seed spacing and relative position of seed and fertilizer were 92.5%, 93.2% and 97.4%,respectively; the slip rate of profiling ground wheel was 3.6%, and the rate of surface seeds was 1.3%. It met the requirement of no-tillage fine sowing and helped to solve the problem of suspension seed and hanging seedling in no-tillage seeding machinery.
In order to solve the problem of suspension seed and hanging seedling in no-tillage seedling machinery, we designed a no-tillage planter with smashing straw and fertilization, which can complete straw crushing and returning to the field, seeding in clean area, fertilization on the side at one time. The structure of the machine is simple and the straw is sprinkled evenly. The structure and working principle of the machine were described in detail, and the design of main working parts and the selection of related parameters were introduced. A 3 D model of straw comminuting and no-tillage seedling and fertilizing machine was established by using SolidWorks software. The key parts were analyzed and checked by ANSYS. The field sowing corn experiments showed that the qualified rates of stubble cleaning, seed spacing and relative position of seed and fertilizer were 92.5%, 93.2% and 97.4%,respectively; the slip rate of profiling ground wheel was 3.6%, and the rate of surface seeds was 1.3%. It met the requirement of no-tillage fine sowing and helped to solve the problem of suspension seed and hanging seedling in no-tillage seeding machinery.
引文
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[14]车刚,张伟,万霖,等.基于灭茬圆盘驱动旋耕刀多功能耕整机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(20):34-40.
[15]康云友,董立柱,朱月浩.玉米免耕精量播种技术与机具试验与研究[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2016,54(12):72-76.
[2]丁艳,彭卓敏,夏建林.国内典型秸秆还田技术及机具的比较与分析[J].中国农机化, 2010, 31(3):43-46.
[3]刘艳芬,林静,李宝筏.轻量化玉米垄作免耕播种机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报, 2017, 48(11):60-69.
[4]高焕文.保护性耕作技术与机具[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2004.
[5]万其号,布库,李岩,等.大型免耕播种机开沟器结构研究[J].农机化研究, 2012, 34(3):45-48.
[6]王继山.免耕播种机开沟器的适应性分析[J].中国农机化, 2007, 28(4):82-86.
[7]王超群,曹成茂,秦宽,等.灭茬免耕大豆播种机的设计与试验[J].东北农业大学学报, 2018, 49(10):89-96.
[8]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2007.
[9]王金武,唐汉,王金峰,等.指夹式玉米精量排种器导种投送运移机理分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):29-37.
[10]李洪昌,高芳,赵湛,等.国内外精密排种器研究现状与发展趋势[J].中国农机化学报, 2014, 35(2):12-16.
[11]王金武,唐汉,周文琪,等.指夹式精量玉米排种器改进设计与试验[J].农业机械学报, 2015, 46(9):68-76.
[12]张蓓,陈帆.有限元网格划分对零件热力学分析的影响研究[J].机械工程师, 2016(12):140-142.
[13]何磊.茬地免耕精量播种机关键部件设计与研究[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2011.
[14]车刚,张伟,万霖,等.基于灭茬圆盘驱动旋耕刀多功能耕整机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(20):34-40.
[15]康云友,董立柱,朱月浩.玉米免耕精量播种技术与机具试验与研究[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2016,54(12):72-76.