建立国家公园体制对华南虎野外放归的机遇分析
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摘要
华南虎现已基本认定野外绝迹。随着人工繁育种群的壮大和野化训练工作的顺利开展,华南虎的野外放归成为一项迫切的保护任务。但目前国内华南虎的潜在栖息地退化、破碎化严重,食物资源贫乏且居民点繁多,难以满足华南虎的野外生存繁衍需求,导致华南虎野放工作受阻。通过对华南虎的野放条件和国家公园建设进行SWOT分析发现,我国正在开展的国家公园体制建设,能够为华南虎栖息地恢复野外放归创造条件,是华南虎的野外放归与保护的机遇。
South China tigers have been basically identified as extinct in the wild. With the growth of artificial breeding population and the success of re-wilding training, the wild release of South China tigers have become an urgent protection task. However, the potential habitat of South China tigers in China is degraded and fragmented seriously, food resources of tigers are scarce but residential areas are numerous. It is difficult to meet the needs of survival and reproduction of South China tigers in the wild, which results in the blockage of wild release of tigers. Through SWOT analysis of wild release conditions of South China tigers and National park construction,the ongoing National park system construction in China can create conditions for restoring tiger habitat, and make opportunities for wild release and protection of South China tigers.
South China tigers have been basically identified as extinct in the wild. With the growth of artificial breeding population and the success of re-wilding training, the wild release of South China tigers have become an urgent protection task. However, the potential habitat of South China tigers in China is degraded and fragmented seriously, food resources of tigers are scarce but residential areas are numerous. It is difficult to meet the needs of survival and reproduction of South China tigers in the wild, which results in the blockage of wild release of tigers. Through SWOT analysis of wild release conditions of South China tigers and National park construction,the ongoing National park system construction in China can create conditions for restoring tiger habitat, and make opportunities for wild release and protection of South China tigers.
引文
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[17]Wilson,&Don,E.2005.Mammal species of the world:.Johns Hopkins University Press.
[2]国家林业局等.东北虎豹国家公园总体规划(2017-2025年)[R].北京:国家林业局,2017.
[3]刘振河,袁喜才.我国的华南虎资源[J].野生动物,1983,(04):20-22.
[4]黄宝荣等.我国国家公园体制试点的进展、问题与对策建议[J].中国科学院院刊,2018.
[5]黄祥云.华南虎的生存现状及保护生物学研究[D].北京:林业大学,2003.
[6]马逸清,闫文.老虎保护进展.野生动物,1998.19(1):3-7.
[7]张希武,唐芳林.中国国家公园的探索与实践[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2014.
[8]唐芳林.国家公园理论与实践[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2017.
[9]Biswas S.and Sankar K..2002.Prey abundance and food habit of tigers(Panthera tigris tigris)in Pench National Park,Madhya Pradesh,India.The Zoological Society of London.
[10]Goodrich,J.M.2010.Human-tiger conflict:a review and call for comprehensive plans.Integrative Zoology,5(4),300-312.
[11]Matjuschkin,E.N.,Zhivotchenko,V.I.,E.N.Smirnov.1980.The Amur tiger in the U.S.S.R.Unpubl.Report,IUCN,Gland,Switzerland.
[12]Nowell K,Jackson P.1996.Status survey and conservation action Plan-Wild cats IUCN/SSC cat specialist group.Cambridge:The Burlington Press.
[13]Pimlott,D.H.,&Schaller,G.B.1967.The deer and the tiger:a study of wildlife in india.Journal of Wildlife Management,32(3),647.
[14]Schaller,G.B.1983.Mammals and their biomass on a brazilian ranch.Arquivos De Zoologia,31(1),1.
[15]Sunquist,M.E.1981.The social organization of tigers(panthera tigris)in royal chitawan national park,nepal.Journal of Endocrinology,336(336),345-59.
[16]Sunquist,M.E.1981.The social organization of tigers(Panthera tigris)in Royal Chitwan National Pakr,NePal.Smithsonia Contrib.Zool.,336,l-98.
[17]Wilson,&Don,E.2005.Mammal species of the world:.Johns Hopkins University Press.