变电站并联电容器组配置及分闸过电压的仿真分析
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摘要
并联电容器组是电网中重要的无功电源,用于提高电网功率因数、维持较高质量的运行电压、降低输电过程中电网有功功率损耗从而确保电网安全稳定的运行。本文采用国际通用的电力系统暂态分析程序EMTP/ATP计算了天津某110 kV变电站的并联电容器组分闸过电压。分析了在考虑并联电容器组断路器不同期分闸前提下,单独改变一组电容器组参数情况下对该组电容器组分闸过电压的影响。给出适合于天津电网具体情况的并联电容器组单组投合容量合理范围。结果表明,同一电抗率下,每相电容越大流经电容器组每相的氧化锌避雷器能量越大,最终甚至会烧坏避雷器。
A shunt capacitor bank is one important reactive power supply in power grid,which is often used to improve the power factor of power grid,maintain the operating voltage at a higher-quality level,and cut down the active power loss during power transmission,thus guaranteeing a safe and stable operation of power grid. In this paper,the opening overvoltage of a shunt capacitor bank in a 110 k V substation in Tianjin is calculated by utilizing the widely used electromagnetic transients program/alternative transients program(EMTP/ATP). Under the premise of different opening time of circuit breakers in the shunt capacitor bank,the effect of changing the parameters of only one capacitor bank on the opening overvoltage of this bank is analyzed. Moreover,the reasonable range of the switching capacitance of one single bank in the shunt capacitor bank,which is suitable for Tianjin power grid in practice,is given. The result shows that the energy flowing through the ZnO surge arrester of capacitor bank in every phase will increase with the growth of capacitance in every phase,eventually breaking the surge arrester.
A shunt capacitor bank is one important reactive power supply in power grid,which is often used to improve the power factor of power grid,maintain the operating voltage at a higher-quality level,and cut down the active power loss during power transmission,thus guaranteeing a safe and stable operation of power grid. In this paper,the opening overvoltage of a shunt capacitor bank in a 110 k V substation in Tianjin is calculated by utilizing the widely used electromagnetic transients program/alternative transients program(EMTP/ATP). Under the premise of different opening time of circuit breakers in the shunt capacitor bank,the effect of changing the parameters of only one capacitor bank on the opening overvoltage of this bank is analyzed. Moreover,the reasonable range of the switching capacitance of one single bank in the shunt capacitor bank,which is suitable for Tianjin power grid in practice,is given. The result shows that the energy flowing through the ZnO surge arrester of capacitor bank in every phase will increase with the growth of capacitance in every phase,eventually breaking the surge arrester.
引文
[1]薛晨,黎灿兵,曹一家,等(Xue Chen,Li Canbing,Cao Yijia,et al).智能电网中的电网友好技术概述及展望(An overview and prospects of grid friendly technology in smart grid)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2011,35(15):102-107.
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[8]Blooming T M.Capacitor failure analysis:a troubleshooting case study[C]//IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference.Kansas,USA,2005:345-356.
[9]雷赛衡,鲁铁成,张博,等(Lei Saiheng,Lu Tiecheng,Zhang Bo,et al).配电网无功补偿电容器组串联电抗器的选择(Selection of series reactors in reactive compensation capacitors device in power distribution networks)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2004,30(10):29-31.
[10]魏旭,周志成,谢天喜,等(Wei Xu,Zhou Zhicheng,Xie Tianxi,et al).真空断路器投入并联电容器的过电压分析及防护(Analysis and protection against overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching on shunt capacitors)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3193-3198.
[11]张森峰,商立群(Zhang Senfeng,Shang Liqun).并联电容器组分闸重燃过电压仿真(Simulation of restrike overvoltage due to switching off shunt capacitor bank)[J].高压电器(High Voltage Apparatus),2011,47(12):1-5.
[12]蒋国顺,蒋苏静,李继光(Jiang Guoshun,Jiang Sujing,Li Jiguang).并联电容器组分闸操作过电压的仿真分析(Simulation and analysis on the switching overvoltage of shunt capacitor bank)[J].高压电器(High Voltage Apparatus),2014,50(3):68-73,78.
[13]杨庆,欧阳沙,司马文霞,等(Yang Qing,Ouyang Sha,Sima Wenxia,et al).真空断路器快速分-合操作10kV并联电容器的过电压机理(Mechanism of overvoltage induced by fast switching on-off 10 kV shunt capacitors using vacuum circuit breakers)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3135-3140.
[14]施纪栋(Shi Jidong).真空断路器投切35kV并联电抗器的过电压仿真研究(Research on Overvoltage of Using Vacuum Circuit Breaker to Switch 35kV Shunt Reactors)[D].杭州:浙江大学电气工程学院(Hangzhou:College of Electrical Engineering,Zhejiang University),2014.
[15]Hamid H A,Harid N,Haddad A.Determination of transient overvoltages during shunt reactor deenergization[C]//44th International Universities Power Engineering Conference.Glasgow,UK,2009.
[16]安宗贵(An Zonggui).切合并联电容器组暂态过电压问题的研究(Research on transient overvoltage caused by switching on/off shunt capacitor bank)[J].电力电容器与无功补偿(Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation),2005,26(2):28-33.
[17]张春霞,孙伟忠,屠幼萍,等(Zhang Chunxia,Sun Weizhong,Tu Youping,et al).隔离开关不完全合闸引起的电缆护层过电压分析(Analysis of cable sheath overvoltage due to not completely closing of GIS disconnector)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2011,37(10):2498-2505.
[18]高和平(Gao Heping).氧化锌避雷器在并联电容器装置中的应用及参数选择(Application of the zinc oxide surge arrester to shunt capacitor installation and its parameter selection)[J].电力电容器与无功补偿(Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation),2003,24(S):22-27,35.
[19]刘策,郭洁,王瑜婧,等(Liu Ce,Guo Jie,Wang Yujing,et al).金属氧化物避雷器对并联电容器装置操作过电压的抑制效果分析(Suppression effect analysis of metal oxide surge arresters for the switching overvoltage of shunt capacitor)[J].电力电容器与无功补偿(Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation),2016,37(2):5-10.
[20]谷定燮,李小玲,莫青,等(Gu Dingxie,Li Xiaoling,Mo Qing,et al).保护并联电容器组的MOA接线方式和吸收能量的研究(A study on the MOA connection mode and absorption energy of the parallel capacitor bank)[J].电瓷避雷器(Insulators and Surge Arresters),1991(3):1-11.
[21]刘小华,黄彦全,李晓玉,等(Liu Xiaohua,Huang Yanquan,Li Xiaoyu,et al).应用谐波电流比的并联电容器补偿装置电抗器匝间短路保护(Protection of reactor on shunt capacitance compensator against inter-turn fault based on harmonic current ratio)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(7):112-116.
[2]田世明,栾文鹏,张东霞,等(Tian Shiming,Luan Wenpeng,Zhang Dongxia,et al).能源互联网技术形态与关键技术(Technical forms and key technologies on energy internet)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2015,35(14):3482-3494.
[3]国家电网公司.新一代智能变电站示范工程成果总结[R].北京:国家电网公司,2014.
[4]王谦,陆宇航,刘勇,等(Wang Qian,Lu Yuhang,Liu Yong,et al).110 kV电容式电压互感器波形异常及影响因素分析(Analysis of waveform distortion and related influencing factors for 110 k V capacitor voltage transformer)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(11):138-142.
[5]Blooming T M,Carnovale D J.Capacitor application issues[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2008,44(4):1013-1026.
[6]Tseng Shu-Ting,Chen Jiann-Fuh,Liang Tsorng-Juu Peter.Symmetrical structure transient limiter for suppression of capacitor switching transients[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2011,26(4):2821-2828.
[7]张广东,温定筠,汪沨,等(Zhang Guangdong,Wen Dingyun,Wang Feng,et al).基于EMTP/ATP的35kV并联电容器组内部过电压研究(Study on internal overvoltage of 35 kV capacitors bank based on EMTP/ATP)[J].电力电容器与无功补偿(Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation),2017,38(1):45-49,60.
[8]Blooming T M.Capacitor failure analysis:a troubleshooting case study[C]//IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference.Kansas,USA,2005:345-356.
[9]雷赛衡,鲁铁成,张博,等(Lei Saiheng,Lu Tiecheng,Zhang Bo,et al).配电网无功补偿电容器组串联电抗器的选择(Selection of series reactors in reactive compensation capacitors device in power distribution networks)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2004,30(10):29-31.
[10]魏旭,周志成,谢天喜,等(Wei Xu,Zhou Zhicheng,Xie Tianxi,et al).真空断路器投入并联电容器的过电压分析及防护(Analysis and protection against overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching on shunt capacitors)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3193-3198.
[11]张森峰,商立群(Zhang Senfeng,Shang Liqun).并联电容器组分闸重燃过电压仿真(Simulation of restrike overvoltage due to switching off shunt capacitor bank)[J].高压电器(High Voltage Apparatus),2011,47(12):1-5.
[12]蒋国顺,蒋苏静,李继光(Jiang Guoshun,Jiang Sujing,Li Jiguang).并联电容器组分闸操作过电压的仿真分析(Simulation and analysis on the switching overvoltage of shunt capacitor bank)[J].高压电器(High Voltage Apparatus),2014,50(3):68-73,78.
[13]杨庆,欧阳沙,司马文霞,等(Yang Qing,Ouyang Sha,Sima Wenxia,et al).真空断路器快速分-合操作10kV并联电容器的过电压机理(Mechanism of overvoltage induced by fast switching on-off 10 kV shunt capacitors using vacuum circuit breakers)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2014,40(10):3135-3140.
[14]施纪栋(Shi Jidong).真空断路器投切35kV并联电抗器的过电压仿真研究(Research on Overvoltage of Using Vacuum Circuit Breaker to Switch 35kV Shunt Reactors)[D].杭州:浙江大学电气工程学院(Hangzhou:College of Electrical Engineering,Zhejiang University),2014.
[15]Hamid H A,Harid N,Haddad A.Determination of transient overvoltages during shunt reactor deenergization[C]//44th International Universities Power Engineering Conference.Glasgow,UK,2009.
[16]安宗贵(An Zonggui).切合并联电容器组暂态过电压问题的研究(Research on transient overvoltage caused by switching on/off shunt capacitor bank)[J].电力电容器与无功补偿(Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation),2005,26(2):28-33.
[17]张春霞,孙伟忠,屠幼萍,等(Zhang Chunxia,Sun Weizhong,Tu Youping,et al).隔离开关不完全合闸引起的电缆护层过电压分析(Analysis of cable sheath overvoltage due to not completely closing of GIS disconnector)[J].高电压技术(High Voltage Engineering),2011,37(10):2498-2505.
[18]高和平(Gao Heping).氧化锌避雷器在并联电容器装置中的应用及参数选择(Application of the zinc oxide surge arrester to shunt capacitor installation and its parameter selection)[J].电力电容器与无功补偿(Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation),2003,24(S):22-27,35.
[19]刘策,郭洁,王瑜婧,等(Liu Ce,Guo Jie,Wang Yujing,et al).金属氧化物避雷器对并联电容器装置操作过电压的抑制效果分析(Suppression effect analysis of metal oxide surge arresters for the switching overvoltage of shunt capacitor)[J].电力电容器与无功补偿(Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation),2016,37(2):5-10.
[20]谷定燮,李小玲,莫青,等(Gu Dingxie,Li Xiaoling,Mo Qing,et al).保护并联电容器组的MOA接线方式和吸收能量的研究(A study on the MOA connection mode and absorption energy of the parallel capacitor bank)[J].电瓷避雷器(Insulators and Surge Arresters),1991(3):1-11.
[21]刘小华,黄彦全,李晓玉,等(Liu Xiaohua,Huang Yanquan,Li Xiaoyu,et al).应用谐波电流比的并联电容器补偿装置电抗器匝间短路保护(Protection of reactor on shunt capacitance compensator against inter-turn fault based on harmonic current ratio)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(7):112-116.