回捕牙鲆生长和摄食状况调查研究
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摘要
以秦皇岛海域回捕牙鲆为材料,应用分子标记将其分成放流和非放流2组,采用形态学测量、鉴定方法并结合DNA条形码技术对比分析了2组牙鲆的生长和摄食状况。结果显示:(1)放流牙鲆的体长和体质量略大于非放流牙鲆,肥满度、脂肪含量和肠体比值略小,经过独立样本T检验,各参数值的差异并不显著(P>0.05);(2) 2组牙鲆的空胃率较高,摄食强度差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)胃含物组成和种类基本一致,包括鱼类、软体动物、多毛类和虾类;(4)针对4种不可辨认的胃含物提取组织DNA,选用线粒体DNA COI基因片段作为分子标记,在Gen Bank中进行比对分析,并利用MEGA 4.0构建NJ系统进化树,结果鉴定出一种鰕虎鱼(Gobiidae sp.)、一种石首鱼(Sciaenidae sp.)、赤鼻绫鯷(Thryssa kammalensis)和火枪乌贼(Loliolus beka)。进而说明放流牙鲆经过禁渔期的适应,已经恢复了在增殖海域生存的能力。
The captured population of Japanese flounder in the Qinhuangdao coastal releasing area were divided into two groups by molecular markers, which were the released group and non-released group. Differences of growth indexes and dietary composition between the two groups were compared and analyzed by morphological method and molecular technology. The results showed that:(1)the values of body length and weight in the released group were higher than the non-released group, while the values of condition factor and whole body crude lipid content and viserosomatic index were lower, and all of those did not show any significant differences between the released P. olivaceus and non-released P. olivaceus(P>0.05);(2) high gastric vacuous rate were showed in released and non-released groups, while values of feeding intensity were not significantly different from each other;(3) stomach contents of the released P. olivaceus and non-released P. olivaceus had little differences, including pisces, mollusk, polychaeta and decapoda;(4) DNA were extracted from 4 sampled fish stomach contents which could not be identified by morphological observation, Mitochondrial DNA COI was amplified as molecular marker, comparative analysis were conducted in Gen Bank, and NJ phylogenetic trees were established by MEGA 4.0, results of a Gobiidae sp., a Sciaenidae sp., Thryssa kammalensis and Loliolus beka were identified. Furthermore the released P. olivaceus had pretty much adapted to the wild after the closed season.
The captured population of Japanese flounder in the Qinhuangdao coastal releasing area were divided into two groups by molecular markers, which were the released group and non-released group. Differences of growth indexes and dietary composition between the two groups were compared and analyzed by morphological method and molecular technology. The results showed that:(1)the values of body length and weight in the released group were higher than the non-released group, while the values of condition factor and whole body crude lipid content and viserosomatic index were lower, and all of those did not show any significant differences between the released P. olivaceus and non-released P. olivaceus(P>0.05);(2) high gastric vacuous rate were showed in released and non-released groups, while values of feeding intensity were not significantly different from each other;(3) stomach contents of the released P. olivaceus and non-released P. olivaceus had little differences, including pisces, mollusk, polychaeta and decapoda;(4) DNA were extracted from 4 sampled fish stomach contents which could not be identified by morphological observation, Mitochondrial DNA COI was amplified as molecular marker, comparative analysis were conducted in Gen Bank, and NJ phylogenetic trees were established by MEGA 4.0, results of a Gobiidae sp., a Sciaenidae sp., Thryssa kammalensis and Loliolus beka were identified. Furthermore the released P. olivaceus had pretty much adapted to the wild after the closed season.
引文
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[19]纪东平,卞晓东,宋娜,等.荣成俚岛斑头鱼摄食生态研究[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(1):88-98.
[20]洪巧巧.长江口中国花鲈的食性及分子生物学在食性分析上的应用[D].上海:华东理工大学,2012:1-65.
[21]龚玉艳,孔啸兰,杨玉滔,等.南海鸢乌贼微型群体的摄食习性研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(4):394-403.
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[24]DEAGLE B E,TOLLIT D J,JARMAN S N,et al.Molecular scatology as a tool to study diet:analysis of prey DNA in scats from captive Steller sea lions[J].Mol ecol,2005,14(6):1831-1842.
[25]席晓晴,鲍宝龙,章守宇.DNA条形码在鱼类胃含物种类鉴定中的应用[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(2):203-210.
[26]龚玉艳,詹凤娉,杨玉滔,等.南海鸢乌贼摄食习性的初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):80-87.
[27]刘婵馨,秦克静.辽宁动物志[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987:417-419.
[28]窦硕增,杨纪明.渤海南部牙鲆的食性及摄食的季节性变化[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(1):74-77.
[29]刘奇.褐牙鲆标志技术与增殖放流试验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[30]吉村圭三,川下正己.天然稚魚と比較したヒラメ人工種苗の体型,脊椎骨および鰭条数の特徴[J].北海道立水産試験場研究報告,2003,64:105-111.
[31]FURUTA S.Improved behavioral quality with short term acclimation measured by bottom-off feeding time in flounder[J].Saibai giken,1991,19:117-125.
[32]FURUTA S.Comparison of feeding behavior of wild and hatchery-reared Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,juveniles by laboratory experiments[J].Nippon suisan gakkaishi,1998,64:393-397.
[2]马晓冰,王桂兴,刘海金,等.秦皇岛海域野生牙鲆群体遗传多样性分析[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(6):963-969.
[3]金显仕,邱盛尧,柳学周,等.黄渤海渔业资源增殖基础与前景[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[4]司飞,孙朝徽,于姗姗,等.秦皇岛近海增殖放流区牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)回捕群体的遗传多样性分析[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):18-24.
[5]杜浩.达氏鲟的保护养殖:丰容环境中仔幼鱼的生存适应性[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[6]童爱萍,司飞,刘海金,等.mt DNA和微卫星标记在放流牙鲆和非放流牙鲆鉴定中的应用[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(4):630-637.
[7]王青林,于姗姗,董云伟.夏眠期间仿刺参生长、肠体比以及RNA/DNA比值变化的研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(4):598-603.
[8]继东平,卞晓东,宋娜,等.荣成俚岛大泷六线鱼摄食生态研究[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1399-1409.
[9]程家骅,姜亚洲.海洋生物资源增殖放流回顾与展望[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):610-617.
[10]尤锋,王丽娟,刘梦侠.中国海洋生物增殖放流现状与建议[J].中国海洋经济,2017(1):141-156.
[11]徐嘉波,施永海,税春,等.美洲鲥1+龄亚成鱼池塘越冬生长特性[J].水产科技情报,2018,45(5):241-246.
[12]杨西伟,徐钢春,徐跑.淡水鱼仔鱼开口摄食及其饵料的研究进展[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2017,14(22):45-48.
[13]陈亨,陈琛,於俊琦,等.不同环境胁迫因子耦合对凡纳滨对虾生长与摄食的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(2):168-174.
[14]陈玉敏,蓝汉冰,贾明秀,等.不同含量磷虾粉等量替代鱼粉对加州鲈生长性能及部分生理生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2018,39(12):36-42.
[15]郭衍林.铁对生长中期草鱼生产性能、肠道、机体和鳃健康以及肉质的作用及其机制[D].成都:四川农业大学,2017.
[16]韩现芹,贾磊,王群山,等.野生与养殖牙鲆肌肉营养成分的比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2015,35(6):94-99.
[17]胡盼.野生、池塘及工厂化养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)肌肉品质及营养成分比较研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2015.
[18]席晓晴,鲍宝龙,章守宇.DNA条形码在马鞍列岛海域皮氏叫姑鱼胃含物鉴定中的应用[J].水产学报,2017,41(10):1533-1541.
[19]纪东平,卞晓东,宋娜,等.荣成俚岛斑头鱼摄食生态研究[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(1):88-98.
[20]洪巧巧.长江口中国花鲈的食性及分子生物学在食性分析上的应用[D].上海:华东理工大学,2012:1-65.
[21]龚玉艳,孔啸兰,杨玉滔,等.南海鸢乌贼微型群体的摄食习性研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(4):394-403.
[22]H魻SS M,KOHN M,P魧魧BO S,et al.Excrement analysis by PCR[J].Nature,1992,359(6392):199.
[23]REED J,TOLLIT D.Microsatellite markers allow species discrimination from faecal and recognizable manatees on the Atlantic coast of Florida[M]//O'SHEA T J,ACKERMAN B BPERCIVAL H F.Population Biology of the Florida Manatee Washington,D C:Information and Technology Report 1,1995:289.
[24]DEAGLE B E,TOLLIT D J,JARMAN S N,et al.Molecular scatology as a tool to study diet:analysis of prey DNA in scats from captive Steller sea lions[J].Mol ecol,2005,14(6):1831-1842.
[25]席晓晴,鲍宝龙,章守宇.DNA条形码在鱼类胃含物种类鉴定中的应用[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(2):203-210.
[26]龚玉艳,詹凤娉,杨玉滔,等.南海鸢乌贼摄食习性的初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):80-87.
[27]刘婵馨,秦克静.辽宁动物志[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987:417-419.
[28]窦硕增,杨纪明.渤海南部牙鲆的食性及摄食的季节性变化[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(1):74-77.
[29]刘奇.褐牙鲆标志技术与增殖放流试验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[30]吉村圭三,川下正己.天然稚魚と比較したヒラメ人工種苗の体型,脊椎骨および鰭条数の特徴[J].北海道立水産試験場研究報告,2003,64:105-111.
[31]FURUTA S.Improved behavioral quality with short term acclimation measured by bottom-off feeding time in flounder[J].Saibai giken,1991,19:117-125.
[32]FURUTA S.Comparison of feeding behavior of wild and hatchery-reared Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,juveniles by laboratory experiments[J].Nippon suisan gakkaishi,1998,64:393-397.