太阳能-碳捕集机组热经济学分析及生命周期评价
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摘要
碳捕集和封存是实现电力低碳化发展的关键所在,建立太阳能辅助碳捕集系统与燃煤机组的耦合系统,构建耦合系统的热经济学优化模型,研究碳捕集机组的热经济性。构建碳捕集机组的生命周期评价体系,研究燃煤机组和碳捕集机组建设、运行、退役等各阶段的CO_2排放特性,对比分析其对环境的影响特性。结果表明:脱碳率为85%,吸收剂质量分数为30%时,解吸能耗为4.5 GJ/tCO_2,碳捕集机组优化前后的热效率分别为38.2%和39.3%。燃煤机组电厂运行阶段碳排放量所占比重约为99.4%,电厂建造、煤炭运输及电厂退役等阶段排放的CO_2比重约为0.6%。碳捕集系统建造、运行和退役增加的CO_2排放量为56.314 t/h,占耦合系统全生命周期排放总量的58.01%,减排率约为52.65%。碳捕集机组和太阳能辅助碳捕集机组中CO_2的排放由原燃煤机组的3.63×10~(-5)标准当量降低为1.72×10~(-5)和0.98×10~(-5)标准当量。燃煤机组、碳捕集机组和太阳能辅助碳捕集机组中,酸化对环境的贡献分别为1.5×10~(-6)标准当量和1.9×10~(-6)和1.0×10~(-6)标准当量,固体废弃物对环境的贡献分别为2.76×10~(-5)标准当量和3.52×10~(-5)和1.97×10~(-5)标准当量。
Carbon dioxide capture and storage(CCS)is a technology to reduce carbon emission and the key to develop low-carbon power. This study has established an environment-friendly coupling system of solar aided coal-fired unit with carbon capture. The optimization model for thermal economics of the coupling system is successfully constructed,which aims at researching thermal-economy of the coupling system. Meanwhile it is effective to apply life cycle assessment(LCA) to CCS unit,with the purpose to analyse the CO_2 emitted from carbon capture unit during the stages of construction,operation and retirement. Through comparison study,the environmental characteristics of the unit are researched. As a result,when carbon capture rate is 85% and mass fraction of absorbent is 30%,energy consumption of desorption is 4.5 GJ/tCO_2,with the thermal efficiency 38.2% and 39.3% before and after the optimization. The study also reveals that approximately 99.4% of the CO_2 emissions of coal-fired unit is derived from running stages and 0.6% CO_2 emissions is derived from power plant construction,coal transportation and power plant retirement. The study also indicates that the amount of CO_2 emissions increased by CCS system's construction,operation and retirement is 56.314 t/h.This amount accounts for 58.01% of the total emissions of the coupling system. CO_2 emissions reduction rate is about52.65%. The CO_2 emission of CCS unit and solar aided coal-fired unit is 1.72×10~(-5) and 0.98×10~(-5) standard unit value,compared to the coal-fired unit's 3.63×10~(-5). The contribution to the environment of the acidification is 1.5×10~(-6),1.9×10~(-6) and 1.0×10~(-6) standard unit value and the solid waste treatment is 2.76×10~(-5),3.52×10~(-5) and 1.97×10~(-5) standard unit value.
Carbon dioxide capture and storage(CCS)is a technology to reduce carbon emission and the key to develop low-carbon power. This study has established an environment-friendly coupling system of solar aided coal-fired unit with carbon capture. The optimization model for thermal economics of the coupling system is successfully constructed,which aims at researching thermal-economy of the coupling system. Meanwhile it is effective to apply life cycle assessment(LCA) to CCS unit,with the purpose to analyse the CO_2 emitted from carbon capture unit during the stages of construction,operation and retirement. Through comparison study,the environmental characteristics of the unit are researched. As a result,when carbon capture rate is 85% and mass fraction of absorbent is 30%,energy consumption of desorption is 4.5 GJ/tCO_2,with the thermal efficiency 38.2% and 39.3% before and after the optimization. The study also reveals that approximately 99.4% of the CO_2 emissions of coal-fired unit is derived from running stages and 0.6% CO_2 emissions is derived from power plant construction,coal transportation and power plant retirement. The study also indicates that the amount of CO_2 emissions increased by CCS system's construction,operation and retirement is 56.314 t/h.This amount accounts for 58.01% of the total emissions of the coupling system. CO_2 emissions reduction rate is about52.65%. The CO_2 emission of CCS unit and solar aided coal-fired unit is 1.72×10~(-5) and 0.98×10~(-5) standard unit value,compared to the coal-fired unit's 3.63×10~(-5). The contribution to the environment of the acidification is 1.5×10~(-6),1.9×10~(-6) and 1.0×10~(-6) standard unit value and the solid waste treatment is 2.76×10~(-5),3.52×10~(-5) and 1.97×10~(-5) standard unit value.
引文
[1]Skorek-Osikowska Anna,Bartela?ukasz,Kotowicz Janusz.Thermodynamic and ecological assessment of selected coal-fired power plants integrated with carbon dioxide capture[J].Applied Energy,2017,200(2):73-88.
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[16]Wijaya M E,Limmeechokchai B.The hidden costs of fossil power generation in Indonesia:A reduction approach through low carbon society[J].Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology,2010,32(1):81-89.
[17]Stanley Jessica R,Moisés Dávila-Serrano.A life cycle assessment of a coal fired power plant with carbon capture and storage in Mexico[J].International Journal of Physical Sciences,2012,7(41):5624-5641.
[18]韩中合,王继选.CO2减排机理及与燃煤电厂集成特性研究[J].动力工程学报,2013,33(10):808-814.[18]Han Zhonghe,Wang Jixuan.Study on mechanism of CO2capture process and its integration with power generation systems[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2013,33(10):808-814.
[19]韩中合,王继选,刘小贞,等.太阳能辅助火电机组燃烧后碳捕集的集成方式研究[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(2):311-319.[19]Han Zhonghe,Wang Jixuan,Liu Xiaozhen.Study on integration system of post-combustion carbon capture of solar thermal aided coal-fired power plant[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2014,35(2):311-319.
[20]Tahara K,Kojima T,Inaba A.Evaluation of CO2pay back time of power plants by LCA[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1997,38(1):615-620.
[21]陈春香,马晓茜.燃煤机组富氧燃烧发电的生命周期评价[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(S1):82-87.[21]Chen Xiangxiang,Ma Xiaoqian.Life cycle assessment on oxygen-enriched combustion of coal-fired power generation units[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,200929(S1):82-87.
[22]Berry J E,Holland M R,Joh Nson C,et al.Full fuel cycle study on power generation schemes incorporating the capture and disposal of carbon diox ide[R].United Kingdon:ETSU,1994.
[23]武民军.燃煤发电的生命周期评价[D].太原:太原理工大学,2011.[23]Wu Minjun.The life cycle assessment of coal-fired power generation[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2011.
[2]Duan Liqiang,Xia Kun,Feng Tao,et al.Study on coalfired power plant with CO2capture by integrating molten carbonate fuel cell system[J].Energy,2016,117(2):578-589.
[3]Hanak Dawid P,Kolios Athanasios J,Manovic Vasilije,et al.Comparison of probabilistic performance of calcium looping and chemical solvent scrubbing retrofits for CO2capture from coal-fired power plant[J].Applied Energy,2016,172:323-336.
[4]Brandl Patrick,Soltani Salman Masoudi,Fennell Paul S,et al.Evaluation of cooling requirements of postcombustion CO2capture applied to coal-fired power plants[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2017,122:1-10.
[5]Yu Shiwei,Zhang Junjie,Cheng Jinhua.Carbon reduction cost estimating of Chinese coal-fired power generation units:A perspective from national energy consumption standard[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,139(1):612-621.
[6]Cormos Ana-Maria,Cormos Calin-Cristian.Reducing the carbon footprint of cement industry by postcombustion CO2capture:Techno-economic and environmental assessment of a CCS project in Romania[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2017,123(1):230-239.
[7]Rafiee Ahmad,Panahi Mehdi,Khalilpour Kaveh Rajab.CO2utilization through integration of post-combustion carbon capture process with Fischer-Tropsch gas-toliquid(GTL)processes[J].Journal of CO2Utilization,2017,18(8):98-106.
[8]Rio Maria Sanchez del,Gibbins Jon,Lucquiaud Mathieu.On the retrofitting and repowering of coal power plants with post-combustion carbon capture:An advanced integration option with a gas turbine windbox[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2017,58(3):299-311.
[9]Wang Fu,Zhao Jun,Li Hailong,et al.Preliminary experimental study of post-combustion carbon capture integrated with solar thermal collectors[J].Applied Energy,2017,185(2):1471-1480.
[10]Ferrara G,Lanzini A,Leone P,et al.Exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of post-combustion CO2capture using MEA-solvent chemical absorption[J].Energy,2017,130(1):113-128.
[11]Weisser D.A guide to life cycle greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from electric supply technologies[J].Energy,2007,32(9):1543-1559.
[12]Tahara K,Kojima T,Inaba A.Evaluation of CO2pay back time of power plants by LCA[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1997,38(1):615-620.
[13]Muramatsu E,Iijim A M.Life cycle assessment for CO2capture technology from exhaust gas of coal power plant[A].Proceeding of the 6th International Conference[C],Oxford:Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies,2003.
[14]Babbitt C W,Lindner A S.A life cycle inventory of coal used for electricity production in Florida[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2005,13(9):903-912.
[15]Koornneef J,Faaij A,Turkenburg W.The screening and scoping of environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment of carbon capture and storage in the Netherlands[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2008,28(6):392-414.
[16]Wijaya M E,Limmeechokchai B.The hidden costs of fossil power generation in Indonesia:A reduction approach through low carbon society[J].Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology,2010,32(1):81-89.
[17]Stanley Jessica R,Moisés Dávila-Serrano.A life cycle assessment of a coal fired power plant with carbon capture and storage in Mexico[J].International Journal of Physical Sciences,2012,7(41):5624-5641.
[18]韩中合,王继选.CO2减排机理及与燃煤电厂集成特性研究[J].动力工程学报,2013,33(10):808-814.[18]Han Zhonghe,Wang Jixuan.Study on mechanism of CO2capture process and its integration with power generation systems[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2013,33(10):808-814.
[19]韩中合,王继选,刘小贞,等.太阳能辅助火电机组燃烧后碳捕集的集成方式研究[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(2):311-319.[19]Han Zhonghe,Wang Jixuan,Liu Xiaozhen.Study on integration system of post-combustion carbon capture of solar thermal aided coal-fired power plant[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2014,35(2):311-319.
[20]Tahara K,Kojima T,Inaba A.Evaluation of CO2pay back time of power plants by LCA[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1997,38(1):615-620.
[21]陈春香,马晓茜.燃煤机组富氧燃烧发电的生命周期评价[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(S1):82-87.[21]Chen Xiangxiang,Ma Xiaoqian.Life cycle assessment on oxygen-enriched combustion of coal-fired power generation units[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,200929(S1):82-87.
[22]Berry J E,Holland M R,Joh Nson C,et al.Full fuel cycle study on power generation schemes incorporating the capture and disposal of carbon diox ide[R].United Kingdon:ETSU,1994.
[23]武民军.燃煤发电的生命周期评价[D].太原:太原理工大学,2011.[23]Wu Minjun.The life cycle assessment of coal-fired power generation[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2011.