延胡索干物质累积及氮、磷、钾养分吸收规律
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摘要
目的:研究不同产量水平下延胡索干物质累积及其氮、磷、钾养分吸收特点,旨在揭示延胡索养分吸收规律,为延胡索高产栽培和科学施肥提供理论依据。方法:以城固延胡索为试验材料,连续2年在延胡索各生育时期对陕西省城固县8个乡镇106个种植户的样品进行采样分析,测定各器官干物质累积量及氮、磷、钾吸收量。结果:延胡索地上部表现为先增加后降低的趋势,而延胡索地下部则呈直线增加趋势。幼苗期至花期末是地上部旺盛生长阶段,干物质累积较快,占全生育期26.7%~44.1%。花期末地上部累积量达到最高,进入膨大期地上部茎叶开始枯萎及养分转移,干物质累积量有所降低。初花期至膨大期是地下部迅速膨大阶段,其累计量占全生育期50.3%~87.5%;至收获期地下部干物质达到最高值,占全株78.5%~79.8%。延胡索不同生育时期对氮、磷、钾养分吸收量有差异,幼苗期至花期末是地上部养分吸收迅速阶段,于花期末达到峰值,以钾吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。初花期至膨大期是地下部对养分吸收高峰期,以吸氮量最高,钾次之,磷最低。结论:综合延胡索各器官和全株需肥规律及肥料特性,建议该地区栽培延胡索时,应在前期将全部有机肥和磷肥投入土壤中;氮肥和钾肥可以在前期投入总量40%~50%,其余的后期追肥,以保证延胡索正常生长,从而达到延胡索高产。
Objective: Corydalis yanhusuo is a type of traditional Chinese medicine. A field experiment was conducted to study the dry matter production and the accumulation and distribution of N,P and K in C.yanhusuo for the purposes of revealing the nutrients absorption regularity of C. yanhusuo,and providing guidance to famers for scientific cultivation and fertilization. Method: C. yanhusuo samples of 106 farmers from 8 towns in Chenggu county,Shaanxi province,were analyzed for two consecutive years. And the absorption of nutrients,such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and dry matter accumulation were analyzed and determined at each growth stage of C. yanhusuo. Result: The dry matter of C. yanhusuo shoots increased at first and then decrease,while the dry matter of C. yanhusuo corms increased throughout the whole growth period. From the seedling stage to the end of the flowering stage,the dry matter accumulated rapidly,which accounted for 26. 7% to 44. 1% of the total dry matter. At the end of the flowering stage,biomass of C. yanhusuo shoots reached the maximum. During the corm expanding stage,as the nutrients of shoots started to transfer,the dry matter decreases. From the early flowering stage to the expanding stage,corms expended quickly,accumulating 50. 3% to 87. 5% of the total dry matter.Corms biomass reached the maximum,accounting for 78. 5% to 79. 8% of the total biomass of the whole plant. The absorptive amounts of N,P and K at each growth stage were different. C. yanhusuo shoots absorbed nutrients quickly from the seedling stage to the flowing stage,reaching the peak at the end of the flowering stage,with N as the largest proportion,K the second largest proportion and P the least proportion. C. yanhusuo corm absorbed nutrients rapidly from the early flowering stage to the expanding stage,with K the largest proportion,N the second largest proportion and P the least proportion. Conclusion: We suggest that manure and phosphorus shall be applied as basal fertilizers,while N and K could be split,with 40%-50% as basal fertilizer and the left applied for a better yield of C. yanhusuo.
Objective: Corydalis yanhusuo is a type of traditional Chinese medicine. A field experiment was conducted to study the dry matter production and the accumulation and distribution of N,P and K in C.yanhusuo for the purposes of revealing the nutrients absorption regularity of C. yanhusuo,and providing guidance to famers for scientific cultivation and fertilization. Method: C. yanhusuo samples of 106 farmers from 8 towns in Chenggu county,Shaanxi province,were analyzed for two consecutive years. And the absorption of nutrients,such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and dry matter accumulation were analyzed and determined at each growth stage of C. yanhusuo. Result: The dry matter of C. yanhusuo shoots increased at first and then decrease,while the dry matter of C. yanhusuo corms increased throughout the whole growth period. From the seedling stage to the end of the flowering stage,the dry matter accumulated rapidly,which accounted for 26. 7% to 44. 1% of the total dry matter. At the end of the flowering stage,biomass of C. yanhusuo shoots reached the maximum. During the corm expanding stage,as the nutrients of shoots started to transfer,the dry matter decreases. From the early flowering stage to the expanding stage,corms expended quickly,accumulating 50. 3% to 87. 5% of the total dry matter.Corms biomass reached the maximum,accounting for 78. 5% to 79. 8% of the total biomass of the whole plant. The absorptive amounts of N,P and K at each growth stage were different. C. yanhusuo shoots absorbed nutrients quickly from the seedling stage to the flowing stage,reaching the peak at the end of the flowering stage,with N as the largest proportion,K the second largest proportion and P the least proportion. C. yanhusuo corm absorbed nutrients rapidly from the early flowering stage to the expanding stage,with K the largest proportion,N the second largest proportion and P the least proportion. Conclusion: We suggest that manure and phosphorus shall be applied as basal fertilizers,while N and K could be split,with 40%-50% as basal fertilizer and the left applied for a better yield of C. yanhusuo.
引文
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[14]吕伟德,张国锦,饶君凤,等.旱地元胡遮荫降温增产效果研究[J].中药材,2001,24(12):856-857.
[15]刘合刚,刘国杜.提高延胡索产量的几项措施[J].中草药,2001,32(6):557-558.
[16]张真,王建红,陈连民,等.不同覆盖物在延胡索上的应用试验[J].安徽农学通报,2006,12(8):88-89.
[17]徐丽红,邓保汉,马连根.元胡喷施ABT生根粉增产效果试验[J].上海农业科技,1998(3):62.
[18]徐春梅.延胡索优质高产栽培技术体系的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005:1-55.
[19]曾宏宽,曹文元.汉中市延胡索最佳施肥量优化研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(14):53-54.
[20]杨志锏,曹文元,刘晓平,等.不同施肥水平对延胡索(元胡)产量和品质影响的研究[J].基层农技推广,2015,3(12):24-27.
[21]南京农业大学.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1990.
[22]刘沛文,都长庚.元胡植株病情指数、枯苗率与产量间的相关分析[J].中药材,1988(2):11-13.
[23]胡珂,韦佳玉,马小雷,等.呼吸作用对延胡索生长状况的影响[J].中药材,2013,36(12):1911-1913.
[2]陈暄,杨磊,胡龙娇,等.泰半夏干物质及活性成分积累动态研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(7):892-896.
[3]肖平阔,王沫,张振媛,等.半夏干物质积累与氮、磷、钾吸收特点的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):453-456.
[4]祝丽香,王建华,耿慧云,等.桔梗的干物质累积及氮、磷、钾养分吸收特点[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1):197-202.
[5]郭亮,方子森,邱黛玉,等.当归干物质积累与有效积温的Logistic和Cubic模型分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(6):118-122.
[6]陈宇航,刘丽,郭巧生,等.夏枯草氮、磷、钾吸收分配特征及其干物质积累研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,37(24):3410-3415.
[7]赵志刚,郜舒蕊,谢景,等.不同生长时期丹参干物质积累及活性成分的变化规律[J].中国现代中药,2015,17(11):1171-1176.
[8]张美德,吴德洲,艾伦强,等.白术氮、磷、钾营养吸收分配规律研究[J].中药材,2016,39(3):469-472.
[9]郭晓亮,郭杰,游景茂,等.石窑当归干物质积累和养分吸收规律研究[J].中药材,2015,38(7):1343-1348.
[10]路正营,郭玉海,骆翔.防风干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收特性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(8):1043-1044.
[11]李月梅,杨文辉,塔林葛娃,等.柴达木地区枸杞干物质积累及养分吸收特性研究[J].北方园艺,2015(9):127-132.
[12]梁引库,王美妮,梁刚.不同水分条件对延胡索产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2009(3):97-98.
[13]陈昊,李思锋,黎斌,等.延胡索不同水分条件下盆栽实验[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(19):167-169.
[14]吕伟德,张国锦,饶君凤,等.旱地元胡遮荫降温增产效果研究[J].中药材,2001,24(12):856-857.
[15]刘合刚,刘国杜.提高延胡索产量的几项措施[J].中草药,2001,32(6):557-558.
[16]张真,王建红,陈连民,等.不同覆盖物在延胡索上的应用试验[J].安徽农学通报,2006,12(8):88-89.
[17]徐丽红,邓保汉,马连根.元胡喷施ABT生根粉增产效果试验[J].上海农业科技,1998(3):62.
[18]徐春梅.延胡索优质高产栽培技术体系的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005:1-55.
[19]曾宏宽,曹文元.汉中市延胡索最佳施肥量优化研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(14):53-54.
[20]杨志锏,曹文元,刘晓平,等.不同施肥水平对延胡索(元胡)产量和品质影响的研究[J].基层农技推广,2015,3(12):24-27.
[21]南京农业大学.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1990.
[22]刘沛文,都长庚.元胡植株病情指数、枯苗率与产量间的相关分析[J].中药材,1988(2):11-13.
[23]胡珂,韦佳玉,马小雷,等.呼吸作用对延胡索生长状况的影响[J].中药材,2013,36(12):1911-1913.