烟草赤星病防治药剂的筛选
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摘要
为筛选防治烟草赤星病的高效杀菌剂,测定了5种常用药剂(氟啶胺、啶氧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、嘧菌环胺、噁唑菌酮)对烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)的室内毒力及田间防效。结果表明,98%氟啶胺对病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性最强,EC_(50)为0.138 2 mg/L,其次为95%嘧菌环胺,EC_(50)为3.568 9 mg/L,而95%噁唑菌酮最弱,EC_(50)为30.098 3 mg/L。田间防效试验表明,5种杀菌剂中以50%氟啶胺SC和62%嘧菌环胺WG的防治效果较好,防效分别为70.44%和63.09%;以50%啶酰菌胺WG防治效果最差,为39.53%。综合室内毒力和田间防治试验结果,在烟草赤星病防治中推荐氟啶胺和嘧菌环胺。
To screen highly effective fungicides against tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata,indoor toxicity and field efficacy of five common fungicides(fluazinam, picoxystrobin, boscalid, cyprodinil and famoxadone) against A. alternata were determined. The results showed that fluazinam had the strongest inhibitory activity against mycelial growth, around 98%; this was followed by cyprodinil and famoxadone at 95%. The EC_(50) of 98% fluazinam, 95% cyprodinil and 95% famoxadone for the mycelial growth of A. alternata were 0.138 2, 3.568 9 and 30.098 3 mg/L, respectively. The control efficacy of 50% fluazinam SC and 62% cyprodinil WG in field trials reached 70.44% and 63.09%, respectively. The field control efficacy of 50%boscalid WG was the worst, at only 39.53%. On the basis of these results, fluazinam and cyprodinil were recommended to control tobacco brown spot.
To screen highly effective fungicides against tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata,indoor toxicity and field efficacy of five common fungicides(fluazinam, picoxystrobin, boscalid, cyprodinil and famoxadone) against A. alternata were determined. The results showed that fluazinam had the strongest inhibitory activity against mycelial growth, around 98%; this was followed by cyprodinil and famoxadone at 95%. The EC_(50) of 98% fluazinam, 95% cyprodinil and 95% famoxadone for the mycelial growth of A. alternata were 0.138 2, 3.568 9 and 30.098 3 mg/L, respectively. The control efficacy of 50% fluazinam SC and 62% cyprodinil WG in field trials reached 70.44% and 63.09%, respectively. The field control efficacy of 50%boscalid WG was the worst, at only 39.53%. On the basis of these results, fluazinam and cyprodinil were recommended to control tobacco brown spot.
引文
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[13]韩国兴,符雨诗,阮若昕,等.柑橘链格孢褐斑病病菌对异菌脲和嘧菌环胺敏感性评价[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(7):11-15.HAN Guoxing,FU Yushi,RUAN Ruoxin,et al.Sensitivity assay of citrus Alternaria alternata to iprodione and cyprodinil[J].China Plant Protection,2017,37(7):11-15.
[14]史晓晶,任璐,陈浩,等.番茄早疫病菌抗啶酰菌胺菌株的适合度及生物学特性[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(3):475-482.SHI Xiaojing,REN Lu,CHEN Hao,et al.Fitness and biological characteristics of Alternaria solani with boscalid resistance[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2016,43(3):475-482.
[15]汪晓红,潘万明,陈茜.啶氧菌酯250克/升悬浮剂防治辣椒炭疽病、葡萄黑痘病田间试验研究[J].农药科学与管理,2012,33(8):59-62.WANG Xiaohong,PAN Wanming,CHEN Qian.The research of 250 g/L picoxystrobin against Collectrichum Capsici and grape black pox[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2012,33(8):59-62.
[16]张全,杨法辉,韩君,等.250 g/L啶氧菌酯悬浮剂防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验[J].世界农药,2011,33(4):50-51.ZHANG Quan,YANG Fahui,HAN Jun,et al.The effect of 250 g/L picoxystrobin suspended concentrate on the control of grape downy mildew[J].World Pesticides,2011,33(4):50-51.
[17]郭利丰,肖鸣,徐永,等.52.5%噁酮·霜脲氰水分散粒剂的高效液相色谱法测定[J].世界农药,2016,38(4):55-56.GUO Lifeng,XIAO Ming,XU Yong,et al.The determination method of famoxadone+cymoxanil 52.5%WDG by HPLC[J].World Pesticides,2016,38(4):55-56.
[18]Kalamarakis A E,Petsikos-Panagiotarou N,Mavroidis B,et al.Activity of fluazinam against strains of Botrytis cinerea resistant to benzimidazoles and/or dicarboximides and to a benzimidazole-phenylcarbamate mixture[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2000,148(7/8):449-455.
[19]Matheron M E,Porchas M.Activity of boscalid,fenhexamid,fluazinam,fludioxonil,and vinclozolin on growth of Sclerotinia minor and S.sclerotiorum and development of lettuce drop[J].Plant Disease,2004,88(6):665-668.
[20]J?rgensen L N,Olsen L V.Control of tan spot(Drechslera tritici-repentis)using cultivar resistance,tillage methods and fungicides[J].Crop Protection,2007,26(11):1606-1616.
[21]Errampalli D,Crnko N.Control of blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on apples‘Empire’with fludioxonil and cyprodinil[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2004,26(1):70-75.
[22]Chrysayi-Tokousbalides M,Kastanias M A,Philippoussis A,et al.Selective fungitoxicity of famoxadone,tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin between Verticillium fungicola and Agaricus bisporus[J].Crop Protection,2007,26(4):469-475.
[23]NY/T 1156.2-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第2部分:抑制病原真菌菌丝生长试验平皿法[S].NY/T 1156.2-2006 Pesticides guidelines for laboratory bioactivity tests-Part 2:Petri plate test for determining fungicide inhibition of mycelial growth[S].
[24]李长江.攀枝花市优质烤烟生产技术[J].四川农业科技,2009(6):44.LI Changjiang.Production technique for high quality flue-cured tobaccoin Panzhihua[J].Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture,2009(6):44.
[25]GB/T 23222-2008烟草病虫害分级及调查方法[S].GB/T 23222-2008 Grade and investigation method of tobacco diseases and insect pests[S].
[26]徐汉虹,吴文君,沈晋良,等.植物化学保护学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:10.XU Hanhong,WU Wenjun,SHEN Jinliang,et al.Plant chemical protection[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007:10.
[27]裘炯良,颜艳,郑剑宁.基于SAS的杀虫剂毒力筛选计算机实现[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(5):478-481.QIU Jiongliang,YAN Yan,ZHENG Jianning.SAS-based computer screening of insecticidal toxicity[J].Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control,2010,21(5):478-481.
[28]史茹.云南农业主要作物品种特征病害的化学防治研究[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2012.SHI Ru.Research of chemical control on main crop varieties’characteristic diseases of Yunnan agriculture[D].Kunming:Yunnan Agricultural University,2012.
[29]郭桂文,郭成均,徐恒涛.烯酰吗啉与氟啶胺混剂防治辣椒疫病[J].农药,2016,55(8):600-601.GUO Guiwen,GUO Chengjun,XU Hengtao.The mixture of dimethomorph and fluazinam against pepper Phytophthora blight[J].Agrochemicals,2016,55(8):600-601.
[30]纪军建.番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈和氟啶胺的抗性风险研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2012.JI Junjian.Studies on risk of resistance to fludioxonil and fluazinam in Botrytis cinerea[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2012.
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[2]Jing C L,Zhao J,Han X B,et al.Essential oil of Syringa oblata Lindl.as a potential biocontrol agent against tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata[J].Crop Protection,2018,104:41-46.
[3]贺刚,廖衡斌,李文宇,等.烟草品种和打顶时期对烟草赤星病发病情况的影响[J].农学学报,2017,7(12):65-69.HE Gang,LIAO Hengbin,LI Wenyu,et al.Influence of varieties and topping time on tobacco brown spot morbidity[J].Journal of Agriculture,2017,7(12):65-69.
[4]曾超宁,车腾飞.不同化学药剂对烟草赤星病的防治效果[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(24):99-100,113.ZENG Chaoning,CHE Tengfei.Control effects of different chemical agents against brown spot[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(24):99-100,113.
[5]张文梅,张超群,周治宝,等.不同杀菌剂防治烟草赤星病的田间药效评价[J].生物灾害科学,2013,36(3):288-290.ZHANG Wenmei,ZHANG Chaoqun,ZHOU Zhibao,et al.Field efficacy evaluation of different fungicides in controlling Alternaria longipes[J].Biological Disaster Science,2013,36(3):288-290.
[6]郑庆伟.中国烟叶公司发布2013年度烟草上推荐使用农药品种及安全使用方法[J].农药市场信息,2013(11):44-46.ZHENG Qingwei.Recommended pesticide type and methods of safe use on tobacco by China National Leaf Tobacco Corporation in 2013[J].Pesticide Market News,2013(11):44-46.
[7]李梅云,祝明亮.烟草赤星病菌对菌核净的抗药性测定[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(3):412-416.LI Meiyun,ZHU Mingliang.Determination of dimethachlon resistance in Alternaria alternata[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,20(3):412-416.
[8]孟建玉,曹毅,陆宁,等.贵州省烟草赤星病菌对菌核净的抗药性[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(5):479-480.MENG Jianyu,CAO Yi,LU Ning,et al.Resistance of Alternaria alternata to dimethachlon in Guizhou Province[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2013,40(5):479-480.
[9]雷飞斌.烟草赤星病菌的抗药性及替代药剂的研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2016.LEI Feibin.Studies on the resistance and alternative fungicides of tobacco brown spot(Alternaria alternata)[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A&F University,2016.
[10]黄艳飞,汪汉成,陈庆元,等.六种杀菌剂对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用[J].农药学学报,2016,18(2):263-267.HUANG Yanfei,WANG Hancheng,CHEN Qingyuan,et al.Inhibitory activities of six fungicides against mycelial growth and conidial germination of Alternaria alternata[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2016,18(2):263-267.
[11]陈杰,李六英,高敏,等.烟草赤星病室内防治药剂筛选及田间防治效果[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(1):73-77.CHEN Jie,LI Liuying,GAO Min,et al.Indoor screening and field trial of fungicides against tobacco brown spot[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(1):73-77.
[12]何美仙,符雨诗,阮若昕,等.柑橘链格孢褐斑病菌对4种新型杀菌剂敏感性评价[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2016,42(5):535-542.HE Meixian,FU Yushi,RUAN Ruoxin,et al.Sensitivity assay of Alternaria alternata from citrus in China to four new fungicides[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),2016,42(5):535-542.
[13]韩国兴,符雨诗,阮若昕,等.柑橘链格孢褐斑病病菌对异菌脲和嘧菌环胺敏感性评价[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(7):11-15.HAN Guoxing,FU Yushi,RUAN Ruoxin,et al.Sensitivity assay of citrus Alternaria alternata to iprodione and cyprodinil[J].China Plant Protection,2017,37(7):11-15.
[14]史晓晶,任璐,陈浩,等.番茄早疫病菌抗啶酰菌胺菌株的适合度及生物学特性[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(3):475-482.SHI Xiaojing,REN Lu,CHEN Hao,et al.Fitness and biological characteristics of Alternaria solani with boscalid resistance[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2016,43(3):475-482.
[15]汪晓红,潘万明,陈茜.啶氧菌酯250克/升悬浮剂防治辣椒炭疽病、葡萄黑痘病田间试验研究[J].农药科学与管理,2012,33(8):59-62.WANG Xiaohong,PAN Wanming,CHEN Qian.The research of 250 g/L picoxystrobin against Collectrichum Capsici and grape black pox[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2012,33(8):59-62.
[16]张全,杨法辉,韩君,等.250 g/L啶氧菌酯悬浮剂防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验[J].世界农药,2011,33(4):50-51.ZHANG Quan,YANG Fahui,HAN Jun,et al.The effect of 250 g/L picoxystrobin suspended concentrate on the control of grape downy mildew[J].World Pesticides,2011,33(4):50-51.
[17]郭利丰,肖鸣,徐永,等.52.5%噁酮·霜脲氰水分散粒剂的高效液相色谱法测定[J].世界农药,2016,38(4):55-56.GUO Lifeng,XIAO Ming,XU Yong,et al.The determination method of famoxadone+cymoxanil 52.5%WDG by HPLC[J].World Pesticides,2016,38(4):55-56.
[18]Kalamarakis A E,Petsikos-Panagiotarou N,Mavroidis B,et al.Activity of fluazinam against strains of Botrytis cinerea resistant to benzimidazoles and/or dicarboximides and to a benzimidazole-phenylcarbamate mixture[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2000,148(7/8):449-455.
[19]Matheron M E,Porchas M.Activity of boscalid,fenhexamid,fluazinam,fludioxonil,and vinclozolin on growth of Sclerotinia minor and S.sclerotiorum and development of lettuce drop[J].Plant Disease,2004,88(6):665-668.
[20]J?rgensen L N,Olsen L V.Control of tan spot(Drechslera tritici-repentis)using cultivar resistance,tillage methods and fungicides[J].Crop Protection,2007,26(11):1606-1616.
[21]Errampalli D,Crnko N.Control of blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on apples‘Empire’with fludioxonil and cyprodinil[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2004,26(1):70-75.
[22]Chrysayi-Tokousbalides M,Kastanias M A,Philippoussis A,et al.Selective fungitoxicity of famoxadone,tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin between Verticillium fungicola and Agaricus bisporus[J].Crop Protection,2007,26(4):469-475.
[23]NY/T 1156.2-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第2部分:抑制病原真菌菌丝生长试验平皿法[S].NY/T 1156.2-2006 Pesticides guidelines for laboratory bioactivity tests-Part 2:Petri plate test for determining fungicide inhibition of mycelial growth[S].
[24]李长江.攀枝花市优质烤烟生产技术[J].四川农业科技,2009(6):44.LI Changjiang.Production technique for high quality flue-cured tobaccoin Panzhihua[J].Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture,2009(6):44.
[25]GB/T 23222-2008烟草病虫害分级及调查方法[S].GB/T 23222-2008 Grade and investigation method of tobacco diseases and insect pests[S].
[26]徐汉虹,吴文君,沈晋良,等.植物化学保护学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:10.XU Hanhong,WU Wenjun,SHEN Jinliang,et al.Plant chemical protection[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007:10.
[27]裘炯良,颜艳,郑剑宁.基于SAS的杀虫剂毒力筛选计算机实现[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(5):478-481.QIU Jiongliang,YAN Yan,ZHENG Jianning.SAS-based computer screening of insecticidal toxicity[J].Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control,2010,21(5):478-481.
[28]史茹.云南农业主要作物品种特征病害的化学防治研究[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2012.SHI Ru.Research of chemical control on main crop varieties’characteristic diseases of Yunnan agriculture[D].Kunming:Yunnan Agricultural University,2012.
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