东北老工业基地国企工人组织认同特征及影响因素分析——基于哈尔滨原三大动力企业的调查
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摘要
选取哈尔滨电机厂(东北老工业基地哈尔滨原三大动力企业)工人作为研究对象,并对其组织认同作量化分析。电机厂工人对本企业组织认同程度较高,但也出现了"对企业情感疏离,奉献精神弱化"的特征。企业中岗位价值感知越强、收入满意度越高以及"人际关系"越好的工人,则越呈现出较高的组织认同。建立清晰的工资制度、保障畅通的职业晋升机制以及提供切实有效的"技能培训"等措施,应该成为建构工人对国企归属感和认同感的重要途径。此外,国有企业管理者不仅应对工人生产活动进行精准管理,同时还应树立基于现代"雇佣关系"和中国传统"熟人社会"的管理理念,进而提升国有企业工人的组织认同。
As a prominent state-owned enterprise in northeastern old industrial base,Harbin Electric Machinery Company provides a research case for workers' organizational identification in SOE. After a comprehensive survey was delivered and data was analyzed,research results showed that workers have a relatively positive recognition,however the emergence of "alienation of corporate emotion and weakening spirit of dedication "should not be ignored. In addition,the workers who own higher income satisfaction,higher job value perception and maintain better inter-personal relationship tend to give more positive evaluation on organizational identification. State-owned enterprises should acknowledge that it is important to construct the sense of belonging and identity by establishing a clear wage system,ensuring a smooth professional promotion mechanism and providing effective professional skills training. The article proposes that the state-owned enterprises should not only deal with the activities of workers engaged in production accurately,they should also establish a comprehensive management philosophy based on the"modern employment relationship"and Chinese traditional"acquaintance society",in order to enhance the state-owned enterprises workers' organizational identification.
As a prominent state-owned enterprise in northeastern old industrial base,Harbin Electric Machinery Company provides a research case for workers' organizational identification in SOE. After a comprehensive survey was delivered and data was analyzed,research results showed that workers have a relatively positive recognition,however the emergence of "alienation of corporate emotion and weakening spirit of dedication "should not be ignored. In addition,the workers who own higher income satisfaction,higher job value perception and maintain better inter-personal relationship tend to give more positive evaluation on organizational identification. State-owned enterprises should acknowledge that it is important to construct the sense of belonging and identity by establishing a clear wage system,ensuring a smooth professional promotion mechanism and providing effective professional skills training. The article proposes that the state-owned enterprises should not only deal with the activities of workers engaged in production accurately,they should also establish a comprehensive management philosophy based on the"modern employment relationship"and Chinese traditional"acquaintance society",in order to enhance the state-owned enterprises workers' organizational identification.
引文
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[14]王彦斌.转型期国有企业员工的组织认同——一项关于当前国有企业员工组织认同特点及其原因的调查分析[J].天府新论,2005,(2):77-84.
[15]任新民,王彦斌.体制转型对中国企业工人组织认同的影响[J].社会主义研究,2009,(30):89-94.
[16]尹海洁,王翌佳.东北地区城市工作贫困群体就业质量研究——来自哈尔滨、长春和沈阳市的调查[J].中国人口科学,2015,(3):116-125.
[17]RIKETTA M.Organizational Identification:A Meta-analysis[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2005,66(2):358-384.
[18]SIMON H A,MARCH J G.Organizations[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1958.
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[20]TSUI A S,TRIPOLI A M.Alternative Approaches to the Employee-Organization Relationship:Does Investment in Employees Pay off?[J].Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(5):1089-1121.
[21]MORGAN J M,REYNOLDS C M,NELSON T J,et al.Tales from the Fields:Sources of Employee Identification in Agribusiness[J].Management Communication Quarterly,2004,17(3):360-395.
[22]RHOADES L,EISENBERGER R.Perceived Organizational Support:A Review of the Literature[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2002,87(4):698-714.
[23]EISENBERGER R,HUNTINGTON R,HUTCHISON S,et al.Perceived Organizational Support[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1986,71(3):500-507.
[2]吴清军.市场转型时期国企工人的群体认同与阶级意识[J].社会学研究,2008,(6):58-79.
[3]罗昌平,张伯玲,欧阳洪亮,等.通钢改制之殇[J].财经,2009,(17):30-37.
[4]李锦峰.国企改制过程中的国家与工人阶级:结构变迁及其文献述评[J].社会,2013,(3):204-241.
[5]DUTTON J E,DUKERICH J M,HARQUAIL C V.Organizational Images and Member Identification[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1994,39(2):239-263.
[6]O'REILLY C A,CHATMAN J.Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment:The Effects of Compliance,Identification,and I nternalization on Prosocial B ehavior[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1986,71(3):492-499.
[7]ASHFORTH B E,MAEL F.Social Identity Theory and the Organization[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(1):20-39.
[8]BERGAMI M,BAGOZZI R P.Self-categorization,Affective Commitment and Group Self-esteem as Distinct Aspects of Social Identity in the Organization[J].British Journal of Social Psychology,2001,39 Pt 4(4):555-577.
[9]MAEL F A,TETRICK L E.Identifying Organizational Identification[J].Educational&Psychological Measurement,1992,52(4):813-824.
[10]PATCHEN M.Participation,Achievement,and Involvement on the Job[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1970:155-180.
[11]DICK R V,WAGNER U,STELLMACHER J,et al.The Utility of A Broader Conceptualization of Organizational Identification:Which Aspects Really matter?[J].Journal of Occupational&Organizational Psychology,2004,77(2):171-191.
[12]DICK R V.Identification in Organizational Contexts:Linking Theory and Research from Social and Organizational Psychology[J].International Journal of Management Reviews,2001,3(4):265-283.
[13]孙健敏,姜铠丰.中国背景下组织认同的结构——一项探索性研究[J].社会学研究,2009,(1):184-216.
[14]王彦斌.转型期国有企业员工的组织认同——一项关于当前国有企业员工组织认同特点及其原因的调查分析[J].天府新论,2005,(2):77-84.
[15]任新民,王彦斌.体制转型对中国企业工人组织认同的影响[J].社会主义研究,2009,(30):89-94.
[16]尹海洁,王翌佳.东北地区城市工作贫困群体就业质量研究——来自哈尔滨、长春和沈阳市的调查[J].中国人口科学,2015,(3):116-125.
[17]RIKETTA M.Organizational Identification:A Meta-analysis[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2005,66(2):358-384.
[18]SIMON H A,MARCH J G.Organizations[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1958.
[19]BAMBER E M,IYER V M.Big 5 Auditors'Professional and Organizational Identification:Consistency or Conflict?[J].Auditing A Journal of Practice&Theory,2002,21(2):21-38.
[20]TSUI A S,TRIPOLI A M.Alternative Approaches to the Employee-Organization Relationship:Does Investment in Employees Pay off?[J].Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(5):1089-1121.
[21]MORGAN J M,REYNOLDS C M,NELSON T J,et al.Tales from the Fields:Sources of Employee Identification in Agribusiness[J].Management Communication Quarterly,2004,17(3):360-395.
[22]RHOADES L,EISENBERGER R.Perceived Organizational Support:A Review of the Literature[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2002,87(4):698-714.
[23]EISENBERGER R,HUNTINGTON R,HUTCHISON S,et al.Perceived Organizational Support[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1986,71(3):500-507.