就业质量的概念内涵与政策启示
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摘要
就业质量概念的提出,是对就业/失业二元划分局限性的突破,但对其概念内涵界定尚未统一。"体面劳动"主要是应对经济全球化带来的劳动权益受损问题,基于此的就业质量内涵更侧重于宏观层面的劳动力市场供求状况和配置效率;"工作和就业质量"主要是应对福利国家高失业率和招工难的结构性困境,基于此的就业质量内涵更侧重于微观层面的劳动待遇、工作福利及就业满足等。就业质量概念的政策启示在于:积极就业政策应覆盖到对工作贫困的治理;制定有利于提高就业质量的劳动政策;引导就业质量学术研究的规范发展;系统地构建微观、中观、宏观的提升就业质量政策体系。
The concept of employment quality breaks limitation of dual-division of employment/unemployment, but there is still not a unified conclusion on its concept connotation. 'Decent Work' focuses on the problems of infringement of rights to labors caused by economic globalization. In this situation, employment quality connotation is more related to supply-demand on labor market and allocative efficiency at macro level. 'Quality of Job and Employment' focuses on a structural dilemma of high unemployment and recruitment difficulties in the welfare states. In this situation, employment quality connotation, at micro level, is more related to the terms of employment, work benefits, satisfaction of employment, etc. The policy implications of employment quality are as follow: 1.positive employment policy should cover governance of working poor; 2. government should make policy which can improve employment quality; 3. academic research on employment quality should be standardized and developed by government's guidance; 4. to build interrelated employment quality policy system from micro, medium and macro levels.
The concept of employment quality breaks limitation of dual-division of employment/unemployment, but there is still not a unified conclusion on its concept connotation. 'Decent Work' focuses on the problems of infringement of rights to labors caused by economic globalization. In this situation, employment quality connotation is more related to supply-demand on labor market and allocative efficiency at macro level. 'Quality of Job and Employment' focuses on a structural dilemma of high unemployment and recruitment difficulties in the welfare states. In this situation, employment quality connotation, at micro level, is more related to the terms of employment, work benefits, satisfaction of employment, etc. The policy implications of employment quality are as follow: 1.positive employment policy should cover governance of working poor; 2. government should make policy which can improve employment quality; 3. academic research on employment quality should be standardized and developed by government's guidance; 4. to build interrelated employment quality policy system from micro, medium and macro levels.
引文
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[19]国福丽.国外就业质量评价指标研究概述[J].中国劳动,2009(10).
[20]姜献群.提升大学生就业质量的思考——韩国的经验及启示[J].教育发展研究,2014(17).
[21]刘素华.就业质量:概念、内容及其对就业数量的影响[J].人口与计划生育,2005(7).
[22]国福丽.国外劳动领域的质量探讨:就业质量的相关范畴[J].北京行政学院学报,2009(1).
[23]赖德胜.中国劳动力市场报告:包容性增长背景下的就业质量[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2011.
[24]信长星.努力推动实现更高质量的就业[J].中国人口科学,2012(12).
[25]苏丽锋.中国转型时期就业质量研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2015.
[26]柯羽.基于主成分分析的浙江省大学生就业质量综合评价[J].中国高教研究,2010(4).
[27]张静.大学毕业生就业质量研究述评[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2016(1).
[28]LESCHKE J&ANDREW W.Challenges in constructing a multi-dimensional European job quality index[J].Social Indicators Research,2013,118(1).
[29]STREENTEN P.First things first:Meeting basic human needs in the developing countries[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1981.
[30]姚建平.中国城市工作贫困化问题研究——基于CGSS数据的分析[J].社会科学,2016(2).
[31]尹海洁,王翌佳.东北地区城市工作贫困群体就业质量研究——来自哈尔滨、长春和沈阳市的调查[J].中国人口科学,2015(3).
[32]唐鑛,谭泓.加强劳动监察工作的逻辑思考与路径选择[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2015(3).
[2]彭宅文.最低生活保障制度与救助对象的劳动激励:“中国式福利依赖”及其调整[J].社会保障研究,2009(2).
[3]张浩淼.救助、就业与福利依赖——兼论关于中国低保制度“养懒汉”的担忧[J].兰州学刊,2014(5).
[4]齐格蒙特·鲍曼.工作、消费、新穷人[M].仇子明,李兰译.长春:吉林出版集团有限公司,2010.
[5]COUTROT T.新欧洲就业战略:数量还是质量[A].袁志刚,PSERSONS N.经济全球化下的就业政策[C].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2004.
[6]NADLER D A,LAWLER E E.Quality of work life:Perspective and directions[J].Organizational Dynamics,1983,11(3).
[7]翁仁木.国外就业质量评价指标体系比较研究[J].中国就业,2016(5).
[8]ILO.The ILO conventions on decent work[EB/OL].http://www.wageindicator.org/main/labour-laws/internationalconventions
[9]中国就业促进会就业质量研究项目组.国际就业质量指标体系开发和评估情况及对我国的启示(下)[J].中国就业,2016(3).
[10]United Nations Statistical Commission and Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE).Towards an international quality of employment framework:Conceptual paper of the task force on the measurement of quality of work[R].Working Paper No.1,Geneva,2007.
[11]MASLOW.A theory of human motivation[J].Psychological Review,1943,7(50):37-96.
[12]CLARK A E.Job satisfaction and gender:Why are women so happy at work?[J].Labour Economics,1997(97).
[13]SOUSA-POZA A.A well-being at work:A cross-national analysis of the levels and determinants of job satisfaction[J].Journal of Socioeconomics,2000(6).
[14]BUSTILLOET R M D,FERNANDEZ-MACIAS E,ANTON J I&ESTEVE F E.A critical survey of job quality indicators[J].Socio-Economic Review,2011(9).
[15]ALDRICH M.On the track of efficiency:scientific management comes to rail road shops(1990~1930)[J].Business History Review,2010,84(3).
[16]MACEFIELD R.Usability studies and the Hawthorne effect[J].Journal of Usability,2007,2(3).
[17]BECKER GARY S.Human capital and the personal distribution of income:An analytical approach[M].University of Michigan(Ann Arbor,MI),1967.
[18]SCHULTZ T.Transforming traditional agriculture[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1964.
[19]国福丽.国外就业质量评价指标研究概述[J].中国劳动,2009(10).
[20]姜献群.提升大学生就业质量的思考——韩国的经验及启示[J].教育发展研究,2014(17).
[21]刘素华.就业质量:概念、内容及其对就业数量的影响[J].人口与计划生育,2005(7).
[22]国福丽.国外劳动领域的质量探讨:就业质量的相关范畴[J].北京行政学院学报,2009(1).
[23]赖德胜.中国劳动力市场报告:包容性增长背景下的就业质量[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2011.
[24]信长星.努力推动实现更高质量的就业[J].中国人口科学,2012(12).
[25]苏丽锋.中国转型时期就业质量研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2015.
[26]柯羽.基于主成分分析的浙江省大学生就业质量综合评价[J].中国高教研究,2010(4).
[27]张静.大学毕业生就业质量研究述评[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2016(1).
[28]LESCHKE J&ANDREW W.Challenges in constructing a multi-dimensional European job quality index[J].Social Indicators Research,2013,118(1).
[29]STREENTEN P.First things first:Meeting basic human needs in the developing countries[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1981.
[30]姚建平.中国城市工作贫困化问题研究——基于CGSS数据的分析[J].社会科学,2016(2).
[31]尹海洁,王翌佳.东北地区城市工作贫困群体就业质量研究——来自哈尔滨、长春和沈阳市的调查[J].中国人口科学,2015(3).
[32]唐鑛,谭泓.加强劳动监察工作的逻辑思考与路径选择[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2015(3).