城市污泥改良矿山废弃土壤的试验研究
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摘要
采用室内土壤培养模拟试验,在矿山废弃土壤中外源添加不同比例未经处理的城市污泥,探讨短期污泥处理对土壤中重金属赋存形态分布特征、土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响,并对施污土壤中重金属的赋存形态与土壤的理化性质和酶活性进行了相关性分析,分析了施污土壤中不同重金属赋存形态含量的影响因素。结果表明:城市污泥的施加对矿山废弃土壤中重金属Cu和Pb有一定的钝化作用,施污土壤中重金属的生物有效性大小表现为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb;城市污泥的施加可明显增加矿山废弃土壤中氮、磷、钾和有机质的含量,但降低了土壤的pH值,而土壤的pH值是影响施污土壤中各重金属可交换态含量的关键因素,土壤中有机质含量是影响施污土壤中可还原态Pb和Cd以及可氧化态Cu和Zn含量的主要因素;城市污泥的施加可增加矿山废弃土壤的酶活性,其中土壤的脲酶活性是影响施污土壤中各重金属可交换态以及可还原态和可氧化态Zn、Pb含量的主要因素,而土壤的磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性是影响施污土壤中残渣态Cu和Pb含量的主要因素。
This paper uses indoor simulation experiments to add different proportions of untreated municipal sludge to the abandoned soil of the mine to explore the effects of short-term sludge treatment on the distribution of heavy metal forms,soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities in the soil.Then the paper analyzes the correlations between the forms of heavy metals in soil,the physical and chemical properties of soils and the activities of enzymes and the influencing factors of the content of different heavy metals in soil.The results show that the municipal sludge has certain passivation effect on the heavy metals Cu and Pb in abandoned mine soil,and the order of heavy metal bioavailability in the polluted soil is Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb.The application of municipal sludge obviously increases the concentration of soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,but reduces the pH value of soil.According to the correlation analysis,pH is the key factor affecting exchangeable states of heavy metals,and organic matter is the main factor affecting the reducible state of Pb and Cd,the oxidizable state of Cu and Zn.Urban sludge increases soil enzyme activity.In addition,urease activity is the main factor affecting the exchangeable state and reducible state of Zn and Pb and the oxidizable state of Zn and Pb,while phosphatase and catalase are the main factors affecting the residual state of Cu and Pb.
This paper uses indoor simulation experiments to add different proportions of untreated municipal sludge to the abandoned soil of the mine to explore the effects of short-term sludge treatment on the distribution of heavy metal forms,soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities in the soil.Then the paper analyzes the correlations between the forms of heavy metals in soil,the physical and chemical properties of soils and the activities of enzymes and the influencing factors of the content of different heavy metals in soil.The results show that the municipal sludge has certain passivation effect on the heavy metals Cu and Pb in abandoned mine soil,and the order of heavy metal bioavailability in the polluted soil is Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb.The application of municipal sludge obviously increases the concentration of soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,but reduces the pH value of soil.According to the correlation analysis,pH is the key factor affecting exchangeable states of heavy metals,and organic matter is the main factor affecting the reducible state of Pb and Cd,the oxidizable state of Cu and Zn.Urban sludge increases soil enzyme activity.In addition,urease activity is the main factor affecting the exchangeable state and reducible state of Zn and Pb and the oxidizable state of Zn and Pb,while phosphatase and catalase are the main factors affecting the residual state of Cu and Pb.
引文
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[32]申荣艳,郑正,骆永明,等.城市污泥施入对不同类型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(26):14406-14408.
[33]郭天财,宋晓,马冬云,等.施氮量对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):110-114.
[34]骆爱兰,金党琴.污泥对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].光谱实验室,2011,28(6):3097-3100.
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[36]朱姗姗.水稻根际土壤重金属形态分布及其对酶活性的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2013.
[37]周健,李虎,李晓林,等.外源Cd胁迫下施污土壤中重金属的形态特征和土壤酶活性的关系[J].环境化学,2016,35(10):2036-2043.
[2]夏云娇,汪颖颖,杨欢.我国矿区污染地修复标准存在的问题与对策[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(4):39-43.
[3]Beane S J,Comber S D W,Rieuwerts J,et al.Abandoned metal mines and their impact on receiving waters:A case study from Southwest England[J].Chemosphere,2016,153:294-306.
[4]Ma Z W,Chen K,Li Z Y,et al.Heavy metals in soils and road dusts in the mining areas of Western Suzhou,China:A preliminary identification of contaminated sites[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(1):204-214.
[5]Nouri M,Haddioui A.Human and animal health risk assessment of metal contamination in soil and plants from Ait Ammar abandoned iron mine,Morocco[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,188(1):6.DOI:10.1007/s10661-015-5012-6.
[6]Wang Y,Xiang Z,He H Z,et al.Research progress of phytoremediation technology on soils polluted by heavy metals in mining areas.[J].Agriculture Science and Technology,2012,13(10):2133-2136.
[7]何军良,祝亚平,朱密,等.土壤中重金属污染的植物修复强化技术概览[J].安全与环境工程,2019,26(1):59-63.
[8]Ali H,Khan E,Sajad M A.Phytoremediation of heavy metals:Concepts and applications[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(7):869-881.
[9]Mahar A,Wang P,Ali A,et al.Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils:A review[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,126:111-121.
[10]吴志强,顾尚义,李海英.城市污泥用于铅锌矿区重金属污染修复的试验研究[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(4):49-53.
[11]武淑文,杨迎冬,黄成.城市污泥用于尾矿废弃地土壤改良的可行性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013(33):12993-12994.
[12]孟繁宇,姜珺秋,赵庆良,等.污泥改良盐碱土中污染物的淋滤行为[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2014(9):1176-1182.
[13]孙重阳.堆肥污泥改良吉林省西部盐碱地的技术研究[D].长春:吉林建筑大学,2018.
[14]周健.镉在施污黄土-马铃薯系统中迁移特征及生物有效性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017.
[15]孙永明,郭衡焕,孙辉明,等.城市污泥在矿区废弃地复垦中应用的可行性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(6):22-25.
[16]Lv B Y,Xing M Y,Yang J.Speciation and transformation of heavy metals during vermicomposting of animal manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2016:209,397-401.
[17]Macci C,Peruzzi E,Masciandaro G.Heavy metal fractionation and organic matter stabilization in sewage sludge treatment wetlands[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(5):771-778.
[18]姚驯.镉在施用城市污泥的改良土壤和蚕豆中迁移转化及生物有效性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[19]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[20]Dick R P.Methods of Soil Enzymology[M].Madison:Soil Science Societyof America,2011:163-168.
[21]周礼恺,张志明.土壤酶活性的测定方法[J].土壤通报,1980(5):37-38,49.
[22]张书光.城市污泥改良矿山废弃地土壤理化性质的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016(17):4416-4419.
[23]李梦红,黄现民,诸葛玉平.污泥农用对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2009(6):95-98.
[24]孟繁宇,姜珺秋,赵庆良,等.施污泥对盐碱土理化性质和小麦生长的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(9):126-132.
[25]张玮.青岛市不同功能区土壤重金属形态及生物有效性研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2010.
[26]陈世俭,胡霭堂.土壤铜形态及有机物质的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,1995(4):367-371.
[27]赵雅婷,王殿武.冬小麦种植条件下湖泊底泥农用土壤重金属锌的形态及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):70-75.
[28]李进玲.上海滨海农业土壤重金属分布特征的解析与评价[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.
[29]毛小慧.上海奉贤土壤环境中重金属及其形态与土壤理化特性相关性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2005.
[30]Li S Q,Di X Y,Wu D M,et al.Effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and soil fertility improvement in restoration of the abandoned opencast mining areas in Shanxi,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,70(7):3323-3333.
[31]刘家雄,金陈斌,张静,等.古树土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系[J].安徽农业科学,2018(12):146-148.
[32]申荣艳,郑正,骆永明,等.城市污泥施入对不同类型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(26):14406-14408.
[33]郭天财,宋晓,马冬云,等.施氮量对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):110-114.
[34]骆爱兰,金党琴.污泥对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响[J].光谱实验室,2011,28(6):3097-3100.
[35]李影,陈明林.节节草生长对铜尾矿砂重金属形态转化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5949-5957.
[36]朱姗姗.水稻根际土壤重金属形态分布及其对酶活性的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2013.
[37]周健,李虎,李晓林,等.外源Cd胁迫下施污土壤中重金属的形态特征和土壤酶活性的关系[J].环境化学,2016,35(10):2036-2043.