水相体系中β-环糊精-丁磺酸催化合成氧杂蒽二酮衍生物（英文）
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摘要
多组分反应是指三个或三个以上反应物在同一反应容器里形成一个新的、包括所有反应物主要部分的产物.多组分反应因具有操作简单、效率高和原子经济性好等优点而引起化学家和药物化学工作者的极大兴趣,成为有机合成发展趋势之一.9-芳基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-2H-氧杂蒽-1,8-二酮衍生物是由芳香醛和1,3-环己二酮化合物的多组分缩合反应制备.通常在Lewis酸或Brnsted酸催化下进行反应,常用的催化剂有对十二烷基苯磺酸、Amberlyst-1、I2、MCM-41-SO3H、HCl O4-Si O2、离子液体(如[Et3NH][HSO4])、纳米TiO2和纤维素-磺酸等,微波和超声波等技术也用于该反应.这些方法虽取得一定进展,但仍然存在反应时间较长和产率较低等缺点.因此,开发与研究氧杂蒽二酮衍生物的绿色合成方法显得非常必要.β-环糊精是由7个葡萄糖经1,4-苷键连接而成的环状化合物,7个伯醇羟基位于空洞小的一端,14个仲醇排列在空洞大的一端,形成空洞外部和入口处富有亲水性而空洞内部呈疏水性的特性.由于这一独特性能,β-环糊精及其衍生物被作为相转移催化剂应用于有机合成反应,如氧化反应、还原反应、环加成反应及偶联反应.对β-环糊精进行功能化修饰是拓展β-环糊精在有机合成反应中应用的有效方法之一.本文采用丁磺酸基功能化修饰β-环糊精,得到β-环糊精-丁磺酸(β-CD-BSA),探讨了其作为酸性催化剂在芳香醛和1,3-环己二酮(或二甲酮)制备氧杂蒽二酮衍生物反应中的应用.首先,β-环糊精与丁磺酸内酯反应,生产磺丁基醚-β-环糊精,再经过酸性离子交换树脂,得到β-CD-BSA,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和1H NMR表征催化剂.结果表明,磺酸丁基成功嫁接到β-环糊精上,经1H NMR图谱分析,β-CD-BSA的磺酸丁基平均取代度为7.以苯甲醛和二甲酮反应为模型反应,探讨了反应溶剂和催化剂用量等因素对反应性能的影响,得到最优反应工艺条件为:以H2O为溶剂,反应温度100o C,催化剂用量1 mol%.探讨了反应底物适用性,采用不同取代基的芳香醛与1,3-环己二酮(或二甲酮)反应,制备了一系列氧杂蒽二酮衍生物.结果表明,无论芳香醛苯环上连接吸电子基团还是供电子基团,都能顺利发生反应并得到相应目标化合物,反应时间为15–60 min,产率为88%–97%.同时,与芳香醛上连有供电子基团相比,当芳香醛上连有吸电子基团时,其反应速度更快,反应时间更短,产率相对较高.与文献报道方法相比,本文构建的催化反应体系具有更高的催化活性和较高的反应产率.基于上述反应现象,结合相关文献,探讨了该反应可能的反应机理.本文还以对硝基苯甲醛和二甲酮反应为模型反应,探讨了β-CD-BSA循环回收使用性能.当反应结束后,加入少量水,过滤得到固体产物,滤液经干燥回收催化剂,不经进一步处理即可用于下一次反应,当催化剂循环使用5次时,反应产率由95%降至90%.可见,该催化剂回收方法简单,催化剂具有良好的稳定性.综上所述,本文构建了β-CD-BSA/H2O催化反应体系,制备了一系列氧杂蒽二酮衍生物,该催化反应体系具有良好的催化性能和通用性,该方法操作简单,反应时间短,产率高,是一个制备氧杂蒽二酮衍生物的绿色合成方法.
β-Cyclodextrin was functionalized with butyl sulfonic acid to give an efficient, eco-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes via the one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes and active methylene carbonyl compounds in aqueous media. This new methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction time, a simple procedure and mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst can be readily recovered and reused up to five times without a significant loss in its activity.
β-Cyclodextrin was functionalized with butyl sulfonic acid to give an efficient, eco-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes via the one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes and active methylene carbonyl compounds in aqueous media. This new methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction time, a simple procedure and mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst can be readily recovered and reused up to five times without a significant loss in its activity.
引文
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