基于Landsat ETM+遥感数据的组分温度反演方法研究
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摘要
地表温度在干旱监测和模拟地表热通量中有重要作用。在干旱半干旱地区,双源能量平衡模型(TSEB)通常用于计算地表的热通量。以黑河中游典型灌区为研究区域,选取4个时相的Landsat-7 ETM+遥感影像,通过植被指数与TSEB模型结合的方法反演土壤表面温度和植被冠层温度,并重点讨论土壤表面温度和植被冠层温度的分解算法。结果表明:土壤表面温度和植被冠层温度具有较好的时空一致性;土壤表面温度与植被冠层温度的反演精度通过地表净辐射与地表热通量得到了间接验证。地表净辐射与地表热通量的计算值与观测值相关性好,相关系数大于0.92。地表净辐射与地表热通量的线性回归分析表明拟合精度高。通过地表温度分解的方法获得的土壤表面温度和植被冠层温度,对监测典型区域的干旱和模拟地表热通量是可行的。
Land surface temperature plays an important role in drought monitoring and Simulation of surface heat flux.In arid and semi-arid regions,the Two-Source Energy Balance model(TSEB) is commonly used to calculate the heat flux of the earth's surface.Taking the typical irrigated area of the middle reaches of Heihe as the research area,the four Landsat-7 ETM+ remote sensing images are selected.The soil surface temperature and canopy temperature were retrieved by combining vegetation index with TSEB model.The decomposition algorithm of soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature is mainly discussed.The results showed that soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature had good temporal and spatial consistency.The inversion accuracy of soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature is indirectly verified by surface net radiation and surface heat flux.The calculated values of surface net radiation and surface heat flux correlate well with the observed values,and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.92.The linear regression analysis of surface net radiation and surface heat flux shows that the fitting accuracy is high.The soil surface temperature and canopy temperature obtained by surface temperature decomposition are feasible for monitoring drought in typical areas and simulating surface heat flux.
Land surface temperature plays an important role in drought monitoring and Simulation of surface heat flux.In arid and semi-arid regions,the Two-Source Energy Balance model(TSEB) is commonly used to calculate the heat flux of the earth's surface.Taking the typical irrigated area of the middle reaches of Heihe as the research area,the four Landsat-7 ETM+ remote sensing images are selected.The soil surface temperature and canopy temperature were retrieved by combining vegetation index with TSEB model.The decomposition algorithm of soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature is mainly discussed.The results showed that soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature had good temporal and spatial consistency.The inversion accuracy of soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature is indirectly verified by surface net radiation and surface heat flux.The calculated values of surface net radiation and surface heat flux correlate well with the observed values,and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.92.The linear regression analysis of surface net radiation and surface heat flux shows that the fitting accuracy is high.The soil surface temperature and canopy temperature obtained by surface temperature decomposition are feasible for monitoring drought in typical areas and simulating surface heat flux.
引文
[1] Kustas W,Anderson M.Advances in Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Land Surface Modeling[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(12):2071-2081.
[2] Anderson M C,Norman J M,Kustas W P,et al.A Thermal-based Remote Sensing Technique for Routine Mapping of Land-Surface Carbon,Water and Energy Fluxes from Field to Regional Scales[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(12):4227-4241.
[3] Bhattacharya B K,Mallick K,Nigam R,et al.Efficiency based Wheat Yield Prediction in a Semi-Arid Climate Using Surface Energy Budgeting with Satellite Observations[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2011,151(10):1394-1408.
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[6] Wang J,Li H Y,Hao X H.Responses of Snowmelt Runoff to Climatic Change in an Inland River Basin,Northwestern China,over the Past 50 Years[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2010,14(10):1979-1987.
[7] Wang Jian,Shen Yongping,Lu Anxin,et al.Impact of Climate Change on Snowmelt Runoff in the Mountainous Regions of Northwest China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(1):28-33.[王建,沈永平,鲁安新,等.气候变化对中国西北地区山区融雪径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(1):28-33.]
[8] Wang Jian,Li Shuo.Effect of Climate Change on Snowmelt Runoffs in Mountain Regions of Inland Rivers in Northwest China[J].Science in China:Series D,2005,35(7):664-670.[王建,李硕.气候变化对中国内陆干旱区山区融雪径流的影响[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,35(7):664-670.]
[9] O’shaughnessy S A,Evett S R.Developing Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring Crop Canopy Temperature Using a Moving Sprinkler System as a Platform[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2010,26(2):331-341.
[10] He Liming,Yan Guangjian,Wang Jindi,et al.Retrieval of Land Surface Components Temperatures Using ATSR-2 Data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,6(3):161-167.[何立明,阎广建,王锦地,等.利用ATSR-2数据提取地表组分温度[J].遥感学报,2002,6(3):161-167.]
[11] Yang Jinxin,Jia Li.Retrieval of Soil and Vegetation Component Temperatures based on Dual-Anglualr AATSR Remote Sensing Data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2014,29(2):247-257.[杨锦鑫,贾立.基于双角度AATSR遥感数据的组分温度反演[J].遥感技术与应用,2014,29(2):247-257.]
[12] Fan Wenjie,Xu Xiru,Wang Feng,et al.Retrieval of Plant and Soil Temperature by AMTIS Data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,8(4):295-299.[范闻捷,徐希孺,王奋勤,等.利用AMTIS数据反演植被和土壤温度[J].遥感学报,2004,8(4):295-299.]
[13] Sun Ke,Cheng Shengbo.Genetic Algorithm based Surface Component Temperatures Retrieval by Integrating MODIS TIR Data from Terra and Aqua Satellites[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Wave,2012,31(5):462-468.[孙珂,陈圣波.基于遗传算法综合Terra/Aqua MODIS热红外数据反演地表组分温度[J].红外与毫米波学报,2012,31(5):462-468.]
[14] Zhuang Jiali,Chen Liangfu,Xu Xiru.Retrieval of Land Surface Component Temperature[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2000,36(6):850-857.[庄家礼,陈良富,徐希孺.地表组分温度反演[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2000,36(6):850-857.]
[15] Zhao Wei,Li Ainong,Li Zhaoliang.Component Temperature Estimation from Simulated Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Data based on MAP Criterion and Markov Models[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2013,15(3):422-430.[赵伟,李爱农,李召良.基于马尔可夫链和最大后验准则的模拟静止气象卫星数据地表组分温度反演[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(3):422-430.]
[16] Norman J M,Kustas W P,Humes K S.Source Approach for Estimating Soil and Vegetation Energy Fluxes in Observations of Directional Radiometric Surface-Temperature[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1995,77(3-4):263-293.
[17] Kustas W P,Humes K S,Norman J M,et al.Single- and Dual-Source Modeling of Surface Energy Fluxes with Radiometric Surface Temperature[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1996,35(1):110-121.
[18] Zhan X,Kustas W P,Humes K S.An Intercomparison Study on Models of Sensible Heat Flux over Partial Canopy Surfaces with Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,58(3):242-256.
[19] Priestley C H B,Taylor R J.Assessment of Surface Heat-Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review,1972,100(2):81-92.
[20] Agam N,Kustas W P,Anderson M C,et al.Application of the Priestley-Taylor Approach in a Two-Source Surface Energy Balance Model[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2010,11(1):185-198.
[21] Liu S M,Xu Z W,Wang W Z,et al.A Comparison of Eddy-Covariance and Large Aperture Scintillometer Measurements with Respect to the Energy Balance Closure Problem[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(4):1291-1306.
[22] Li X,Cheng G D,Liu S M,et al.Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (Hiwater):Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2013,94(8):1145-1160.
[23] Zhu Changming,Shen Zhanfeng,Luo Jiancheng,et al.Research on Landsat-7 SLC-Off Image Restoration Method based on MODIS09 Data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(3):251-256.[朱长明,沈占锋,骆剑承,et al.基于MODIS数据的Landsat-7 SLC-Off影像修复方法研究[J].测绘学报,2010,39(3):251-256.]
[24] Pan X D,Li X,Shi X K,et al.Dynamic Downscaling of Near-Surface Air Temperature at the Basin Scale Using WRF-A Case Study in the Heihe River Basin,China[J].Frontiers of Earth Science,2012,6(3):314-323.
[25] Li Jun,You Songcai,Huang Jingfeng.Spatial Interpolation Method and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Monthly Mean Temperature in China during 1961～2000[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(1):109-114.[李军,游松财,黄敬峰.中国1961～2000年月平均气温空间插值方法与空间分布[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):109-114.]
[26] Brutsaert W.Evaporation into the Atmosphere:Theory,History and Applications[M].Dordrecht,Holland:Reidel Publishing Company,1982:299.
[27] Campbell G S,Norman J M.An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics[M].New York:Springer,1998:251-257.
[28] Kustas W P,Norman J M.Evaluation of Soil and Vegetation Heat Flux Predictions Using a Simple Two-Source Model with Radiometric Temperatures for Partial Canopy Cover[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1999,94(1):13-29.
[29] Song L S,Kustas W P,Liu S M,et al.Applications of a Thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance Model Using Priestley-Taylor Approach for Surface Temperature Partitioning Under Advective Conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:574-587.
[30] Choudhury B J,Idso S B,Reginato R J.Analysis of an Empirical-Model for Soil Heat-Flux Under a Growing Wheat Crop for Estimating Evaporation by an Infrared-Temperature based Energy-Balance Equation[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1987,39(4):283-297.
[31] Santanello J A,Friedl M A.Diurnal Covariation in Soil Heat Flux and Net Radiation[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2003,42(6):851-862.
[32] Colaizzi P D,Evett S R,Howell T A,et al.Two-Source Energy Balance Model:Refinements and Lysimeter Tests in the Southern High Plains[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2012,55(2):551-562.
[33] Li Shoubo,Zhao Chuanyan.Estimating Evapotranspiration based on Energy Balance in Guanchuan River Basin Using Remote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2006,21(6):521-526.[李守波,赵传燕.基于能量平衡的关川河流域蒸散发的遥感反演[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,21(6):521-526.]
[34] Priestley C H B,Taylor R J.On the Assessment of Surface Heat Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review,1972,100(2):81-92.
[35] Allen R G,Pereira L S,Raes D.Crop Evapotranspiration:Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements,FAO Irrigation & Drainage Paper,56[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,1998:46-53.
[36] Guzinski R,Anderson M C,Kustas W P,et al.Using a Thermal-based Two Source Energy Balance Model with Time-Differencing to Estimate Surface Energy Fluxes with Day-Night MODIS Observations[J].Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions,2013,17(7):2809-2825.
[37] Fisher J B,Tu K P,Baldocchi D D.Global Estimates of the Land-Atmosphere Water Flux based on Monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-Ⅱ Data,Validated at 16 FLUXNET Sites[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(3):901-919.
[38] Jiménez-Muňoz J C,Sobrino J A.A Generalized Single-Channel Method for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from Remote Sensing Data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2003,108(D22):4688-4695.
[2] Anderson M C,Norman J M,Kustas W P,et al.A Thermal-based Remote Sensing Technique for Routine Mapping of Land-Surface Carbon,Water and Energy Fluxes from Field to Regional Scales[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(12):4227-4241.
[3] Bhattacharya B K,Mallick K,Nigam R,et al.Efficiency based Wheat Yield Prediction in a Semi-Arid Climate Using Surface Energy Budgeting with Satellite Observations[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2011,151(10):1394-1408.
[4] O’shaughnessy S A,Evett S R,Colaizzi P D,et al.Using Radiation Thermography and Thermometry to Evaluate Crop Water Stress in Soybean and Cotton[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98(10):1523-1535.
[5] Zhu G F,Li X,Su Y H,et al.Simultaneously Assimilating Multivariate Data Sets into the Two-Source Evapotranspiration Model by Bayesian Approach:Application to Spring Maize in an Arid Region of Northwestern China[J].Geoscientific Model Development,2014,7(4):1467-1482.
[6] Wang J,Li H Y,Hao X H.Responses of Snowmelt Runoff to Climatic Change in an Inland River Basin,Northwestern China,over the Past 50 Years[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2010,14(10):1979-1987.
[7] Wang Jian,Shen Yongping,Lu Anxin,et al.Impact of Climate Change on Snowmelt Runoff in the Mountainous Regions of Northwest China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(1):28-33.[王建,沈永平,鲁安新,等.气候变化对中国西北地区山区融雪径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(1):28-33.]
[8] Wang Jian,Li Shuo.Effect of Climate Change on Snowmelt Runoffs in Mountain Regions of Inland Rivers in Northwest China[J].Science in China:Series D,2005,35(7):664-670.[王建,李硕.气候变化对中国内陆干旱区山区融雪径流的影响[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,35(7):664-670.]
[9] O’shaughnessy S A,Evett S R.Developing Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring Crop Canopy Temperature Using a Moving Sprinkler System as a Platform[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2010,26(2):331-341.
[10] He Liming,Yan Guangjian,Wang Jindi,et al.Retrieval of Land Surface Components Temperatures Using ATSR-2 Data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,6(3):161-167.[何立明,阎广建,王锦地,等.利用ATSR-2数据提取地表组分温度[J].遥感学报,2002,6(3):161-167.]
[11] Yang Jinxin,Jia Li.Retrieval of Soil and Vegetation Component Temperatures based on Dual-Anglualr AATSR Remote Sensing Data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2014,29(2):247-257.[杨锦鑫,贾立.基于双角度AATSR遥感数据的组分温度反演[J].遥感技术与应用,2014,29(2):247-257.]
[12] Fan Wenjie,Xu Xiru,Wang Feng,et al.Retrieval of Plant and Soil Temperature by AMTIS Data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,8(4):295-299.[范闻捷,徐希孺,王奋勤,等.利用AMTIS数据反演植被和土壤温度[J].遥感学报,2004,8(4):295-299.]
[13] Sun Ke,Cheng Shengbo.Genetic Algorithm based Surface Component Temperatures Retrieval by Integrating MODIS TIR Data from Terra and Aqua Satellites[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Wave,2012,31(5):462-468.[孙珂,陈圣波.基于遗传算法综合Terra/Aqua MODIS热红外数据反演地表组分温度[J].红外与毫米波学报,2012,31(5):462-468.]
[14] Zhuang Jiali,Chen Liangfu,Xu Xiru.Retrieval of Land Surface Component Temperature[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2000,36(6):850-857.[庄家礼,陈良富,徐希孺.地表组分温度反演[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2000,36(6):850-857.]
[15] Zhao Wei,Li Ainong,Li Zhaoliang.Component Temperature Estimation from Simulated Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Data based on MAP Criterion and Markov Models[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2013,15(3):422-430.[赵伟,李爱农,李召良.基于马尔可夫链和最大后验准则的模拟静止气象卫星数据地表组分温度反演[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(3):422-430.]
[16] Norman J M,Kustas W P,Humes K S.Source Approach for Estimating Soil and Vegetation Energy Fluxes in Observations of Directional Radiometric Surface-Temperature[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1995,77(3-4):263-293.
[17] Kustas W P,Humes K S,Norman J M,et al.Single- and Dual-Source Modeling of Surface Energy Fluxes with Radiometric Surface Temperature[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1996,35(1):110-121.
[18] Zhan X,Kustas W P,Humes K S.An Intercomparison Study on Models of Sensible Heat Flux over Partial Canopy Surfaces with Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,58(3):242-256.
[19] Priestley C H B,Taylor R J.Assessment of Surface Heat-Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review,1972,100(2):81-92.
[20] Agam N,Kustas W P,Anderson M C,et al.Application of the Priestley-Taylor Approach in a Two-Source Surface Energy Balance Model[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2010,11(1):185-198.
[21] Liu S M,Xu Z W,Wang W Z,et al.A Comparison of Eddy-Covariance and Large Aperture Scintillometer Measurements with Respect to the Energy Balance Closure Problem[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(4):1291-1306.
[22] Li X,Cheng G D,Liu S M,et al.Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (Hiwater):Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2013,94(8):1145-1160.
[23] Zhu Changming,Shen Zhanfeng,Luo Jiancheng,et al.Research on Landsat-7 SLC-Off Image Restoration Method based on MODIS09 Data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(3):251-256.[朱长明,沈占锋,骆剑承,et al.基于MODIS数据的Landsat-7 SLC-Off影像修复方法研究[J].测绘学报,2010,39(3):251-256.]
[24] Pan X D,Li X,Shi X K,et al.Dynamic Downscaling of Near-Surface Air Temperature at the Basin Scale Using WRF-A Case Study in the Heihe River Basin,China[J].Frontiers of Earth Science,2012,6(3):314-323.
[25] Li Jun,You Songcai,Huang Jingfeng.Spatial Interpolation Method and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Monthly Mean Temperature in China during 1961～2000[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(1):109-114.[李军,游松财,黄敬峰.中国1961～2000年月平均气温空间插值方法与空间分布[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):109-114.]
[26] Brutsaert W.Evaporation into the Atmosphere:Theory,History and Applications[M].Dordrecht,Holland:Reidel Publishing Company,1982:299.
[27] Campbell G S,Norman J M.An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics[M].New York:Springer,1998:251-257.
[28] Kustas W P,Norman J M.Evaluation of Soil and Vegetation Heat Flux Predictions Using a Simple Two-Source Model with Radiometric Temperatures for Partial Canopy Cover[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1999,94(1):13-29.
[29] Song L S,Kustas W P,Liu S M,et al.Applications of a Thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance Model Using Priestley-Taylor Approach for Surface Temperature Partitioning Under Advective Conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:574-587.
[30] Choudhury B J,Idso S B,Reginato R J.Analysis of an Empirical-Model for Soil Heat-Flux Under a Growing Wheat Crop for Estimating Evaporation by an Infrared-Temperature based Energy-Balance Equation[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1987,39(4):283-297.
[31] Santanello J A,Friedl M A.Diurnal Covariation in Soil Heat Flux and Net Radiation[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2003,42(6):851-862.
[32] Colaizzi P D,Evett S R,Howell T A,et al.Two-Source Energy Balance Model:Refinements and Lysimeter Tests in the Southern High Plains[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2012,55(2):551-562.
[33] Li Shoubo,Zhao Chuanyan.Estimating Evapotranspiration based on Energy Balance in Guanchuan River Basin Using Remote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2006,21(6):521-526.[李守波,赵传燕.基于能量平衡的关川河流域蒸散发的遥感反演[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,21(6):521-526.]
[34] Priestley C H B,Taylor R J.On the Assessment of Surface Heat Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review,1972,100(2):81-92.
[35] Allen R G,Pereira L S,Raes D.Crop Evapotranspiration:Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements,FAO Irrigation & Drainage Paper,56[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,1998:46-53.
[36] Guzinski R,Anderson M C,Kustas W P,et al.Using a Thermal-based Two Source Energy Balance Model with Time-Differencing to Estimate Surface Energy Fluxes with Day-Night MODIS Observations[J].Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions,2013,17(7):2809-2825.
[37] Fisher J B,Tu K P,Baldocchi D D.Global Estimates of the Land-Atmosphere Water Flux based on Monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-Ⅱ Data,Validated at 16 FLUXNET Sites[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(3):901-919.
[38] Jiménez-Muňoz J C,Sobrino J A.A Generalized Single-Channel Method for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from Remote Sensing Data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2003,108(D22):4688-4695.