内蒙古草原植物羊草对外源汞的积累特征
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摘要
研究草原植物的汞积累特征,对探究汞的环境效应和草原植物对汞的安全临界值具有重要意义,为有效控制土壤中汞的环境行为及寻求草原土壤中汞的生物治理措施提供理论支撑。以草原植物羊草(Leymus chinensis)为研究对象,模拟汞沉降,采用水浴消解-原子荧光法测定土壤和植物中汞质量比,研究羊草对外源汞的积累特征。结果表明,羊草汞积累量与外源汞处理水平高度相关,相关系数达到0.99以上,且随外源汞处理水平增大而增加。此外,土壤中汞残留率与羊草根部富集系数呈中度负相关关系,决定系数为0.631 7。当羊草和土壤汞累积量随环境汞的增长速率增长时,汞通过食物链的富集将会对陆生生态系统及环境造成不可逆的影响。
The present article is devoted to the identification and examination of the accumulated features of the exogenous mercury of Leymus. chinensis in Inner Mongolia grassland by using the mass ratios of mercury in the soil and plants through the water bath digestion and the atomic fluorescence spectrometry. And,for the said research starting point,it is necessary to explore the environmental effect of mercury and its safety threshold in the grassland plants and look for biological treatment measures to deal with the mercury contamination to the grassland plants. In so doing,it is expected to enjoy a theoretical support for the effective control of the environmental mercury behavior in the soil and seek for biological treatment measures to deal with the mercury pollution damage to the grassland soil by taking L. chinensis growing on the grassland as the research goal. The results of our examination research demonstrate that the existing amount of mercury accumulation in L. chinensis turns to be highly correlated with the level of the exogenous mercury treatment,which may increase with the improvement of the exogenous mercury treatment level. In addition,there should be existing a moderate negative correlation between the mercury residual rate in the soil and the enrichment coefficient in L. chinensis root. What is more,the stems and the leaves of L. chinensis would become faded from green to yellow,with the phytomass decrease under the stress of mercury. In such a situation,L. chinensis may have a strong mercury transfer capacity,for its transfer coefficient is greater than 1 under study.Thus,L. chinensis ought to be a kind of potential plant to purify the soil contaminated by mercury. However,this also implies that the aboveground part of L. chinensis can also absorb mercury and promote the transfer degree of mercury to the organisms which feed on L. chinensis,and thus would like to increase the risk of mercury penetration into the higher food chain. Therefore,it can be concluded that the accumulation of mercury through the food chain tends to have irreversible effects on the terrestrial ecosystems and the surrounding environment in case when the mercury accumulation in L. chinensis and the soil goes up at an increasing rate of the environmental mercury.
The present article is devoted to the identification and examination of the accumulated features of the exogenous mercury of Leymus. chinensis in Inner Mongolia grassland by using the mass ratios of mercury in the soil and plants through the water bath digestion and the atomic fluorescence spectrometry. And,for the said research starting point,it is necessary to explore the environmental effect of mercury and its safety threshold in the grassland plants and look for biological treatment measures to deal with the mercury contamination to the grassland plants. In so doing,it is expected to enjoy a theoretical support for the effective control of the environmental mercury behavior in the soil and seek for biological treatment measures to deal with the mercury pollution damage to the grassland soil by taking L. chinensis growing on the grassland as the research goal. The results of our examination research demonstrate that the existing amount of mercury accumulation in L. chinensis turns to be highly correlated with the level of the exogenous mercury treatment,which may increase with the improvement of the exogenous mercury treatment level. In addition,there should be existing a moderate negative correlation between the mercury residual rate in the soil and the enrichment coefficient in L. chinensis root. What is more,the stems and the leaves of L. chinensis would become faded from green to yellow,with the phytomass decrease under the stress of mercury. In such a situation,L. chinensis may have a strong mercury transfer capacity,for its transfer coefficient is greater than 1 under study.Thus,L. chinensis ought to be a kind of potential plant to purify the soil contaminated by mercury. However,this also implies that the aboveground part of L. chinensis can also absorb mercury and promote the transfer degree of mercury to the organisms which feed on L. chinensis,and thus would like to increase the risk of mercury penetration into the higher food chain. Therefore,it can be concluded that the accumulation of mercury through the food chain tends to have irreversible effects on the terrestrial ecosystems and the surrounding environment in case when the mercury accumulation in L. chinensis and the soil goes up at an increasing rate of the environmental mercury.
引文
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[17]HUANG Yufen(黄玉芬).Study on the toxic effects of mercury on crops and the toxicity threshold value to crops of soil mercury(土壤汞对作物的毒害及临界值研究)[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.
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[19]LI Caihong(李彩虹),WANG Caiyan(王彩艳).Determination of Hg in plant dry samples by boiling water bath extraction-atomic fluorescence spectrometry[J].Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology(宁夏农林科技),2015,56(5):58-60.
[20]XU Xiaorong(徐小蓉).The selection of Hg-tolerance plants and the study of the tolerance mechanisms in the Wan Shan mine(万山汞矿区耐汞植物筛选及耐性机理研究)[D].Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University,2008.
[21]ISRAR M,SAHI S,DATTA R,et al.Bioaccumulation and physiological effects of mercury in Sesbania drummondii[J].Chemosphere,2006,65:591-598.
[22]GE Cailin(葛才林),LUO Jianfeng(络剑峰),LIU Chong(刘冲),et al.Effects heavy metals on the respiratory rate and expression of related isozymes in rice[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2005,24(2):222-226.
[23]HONG Chunlai(洪春来),JIA Yanbo(贾彦博),YANG Xiaoe(杨肖娥),et al.Biogeochemistry and ecological effect of mercury in agricultural soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science(土壤通报),2007,38(3):590-596.
[24]CHEN Zhen(陈珍).Effects of disulfide isomerase-like proteins on plant response to mercury stress(二硫键异构酶类蛋白在植物响应汞胁迫中的作用)[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.
[25]MOU Shusen(牟树森),QING Changle(青长乐).Crops accumulating Hg and its influencing factors in acid precipitation area[J].Chongqing Environmental Science(重庆环境科学),1997,19(1):5-10.
[2]HU Yuehong(胡月红).Review of mercury pollution distribution status research at home and abroad[J].Environmental Protection Science(环境保护科学),2008,34(1):38-41.
[3]SHEN Boxiong(沈伯雄),ZUO Chen(左琛).Review on the research progress of the mercury emission in flue gas in coal burning[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(2):100-104.
[4]MOU Shusen(牟树森),TANG Shuyuan(唐书源).Mercury pollution in soil vegetable system in acid deposition area[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),1992,11(2):57-60.
[5]WANG Daohan(王道涵),YANG Yali(杨亚利),REN Peng(任鹏),et al.Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of mercury in soil around some coal-fired power plant of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2015,9(12):6135-6140.
[6]HU Guocheng(胡国成),ZHANG Lijuan(张丽娟),QI Jianying(齐剑英),et al.Contaminant characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from Wanshan mercury mine area,Guizhou Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2015,24(5):879-885.
[7]KONG Sifang(孔丝纺),LIU Yangsheng(刘阳生),ZENG Hui(曾辉),et al.Current progress in research on the pollution of volatile heavy metals from in-cineration plant to its ambient soil and vegetation[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2010,19(4):985-990.
[8]HE Bei(贺蓓),LI Ruili(李瑞利),CHAI Minwei(柴民伟),et al.Distribution and speciation of mercury(Hg)in Futian Mangrove Wetland,Shenzhen Bay[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2015,24(3):469-475.
[9]SUN Fangfang(孙芳芳),WEN Dian(文典),WANG Fuhua(王富华),et al.Accumulation of mercury in edible parts of pakchoi and carrot at typical vegetable plots[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2012,21(9):1630-1634.
[10]MO Fujin(莫福金),QIAN Jianping(钱建平),WANG Yuanwei(王远炜),et al.Mercury content and pollution assessment of soil and cabbage surrounding Yangshuo Pb-Zn mining district in Guangxi[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2016,25(1):156-161.
[11]CHEN Yecai(陈业材).Distribution of mercury(Hg)in various parts of Oryza glaberrima[J].Environmental Protection and Technology(环保科技),1994,16(4):1-2.
[12]JI Xiaofeng(纪小凤),ZHENG Na(郑娜),WANG Yang(王洋),et al.Accumulation of mercury in soil-maize system of nonferrous metals smelting area and its related risk assessment[J].Environmental Science(环境科学),2015,36(10):3845-3851.
[13]WANG Mingyong(王明勇),YI Yin(乙引).A mercury enrichment plant newly discovered—euphorbiaceae[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),2010(2):354-356.
[14]SARAH E R,LISAMARIE W M,JOEL E C.Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation:a comprehensive review[J].Environmental Research,2014,133:407-423.
[15]LOU Bo(楼波),MA Xiaoqian(马晓茜),CAI Ruixian(蔡睿贤).Model and numerical simulation of mercury conversion in coal combustion[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology(燃料化学学报),2006,34(4):412-416.
[16]ZHANG Jingjing(张静静),ZHENG Na(郑娜),ZHOU Qiuhong(周秋红),et al.Mercury content distribution in the raw coal and mercury emissions estimation in flue gas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region[J].Environmental Chemistry(环境化学),2014,33(9):1613-1614.
[17]HUANG Yufen(黄玉芬).Study on the toxic effects of mercury on crops and the toxicity threshold value to crops of soil mercury(土壤汞对作物的毒害及临界值研究)[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.
[18]LI Zhonggen(李中根),FENG Xinbin(冯新斌),HE Tianrong(何天容),et al.Determination of total mercury in soil and sediment by aquaregia digestion in the water bath coupled with cold vapor atom fluorescence spectrometry[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry(矿物岩石地球化学通报),2005,21(2):140-143.
[19]LI Caihong(李彩虹),WANG Caiyan(王彩艳).Determination of Hg in plant dry samples by boiling water bath extraction-atomic fluorescence spectrometry[J].Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology(宁夏农林科技),2015,56(5):58-60.
[20]XU Xiaorong(徐小蓉).The selection of Hg-tolerance plants and the study of the tolerance mechanisms in the Wan Shan mine(万山汞矿区耐汞植物筛选及耐性机理研究)[D].Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University,2008.
[21]ISRAR M,SAHI S,DATTA R,et al.Bioaccumulation and physiological effects of mercury in Sesbania drummondii[J].Chemosphere,2006,65:591-598.
[22]GE Cailin(葛才林),LUO Jianfeng(络剑峰),LIU Chong(刘冲),et al.Effects heavy metals on the respiratory rate and expression of related isozymes in rice[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2005,24(2):222-226.
[23]HONG Chunlai(洪春来),JIA Yanbo(贾彦博),YANG Xiaoe(杨肖娥),et al.Biogeochemistry and ecological effect of mercury in agricultural soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science(土壤通报),2007,38(3):590-596.
[24]CHEN Zhen(陈珍).Effects of disulfide isomerase-like proteins on plant response to mercury stress(二硫键异构酶类蛋白在植物响应汞胁迫中的作用)[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.
[25]MOU Shusen(牟树森),QING Changle(青长乐).Crops accumulating Hg and its influencing factors in acid precipitation area[J].Chongqing Environmental Science(重庆环境科学),1997,19(1):5-10.