喀纳斯泰加林群落与环境和火干扰因子的关系
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摘要
【目的】划分森林群落类型,定量分析森林群落形成与其环境因子和火干扰因子之间的关系,为新疆喀纳斯泰加林群落物种多样性保护与森林可持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】以新疆喀纳斯泰加林火成演替森林群落为研究对象,基于149个森林群落样地及其火干扰发生时间和火烈度的调查,采用双向指示种分析(two-way indicator species analysis,TWINSPAN)方法对喀纳斯国家自然保护区科学实验区处于不同演替阶段的森林群落进行群落类型划分,并采用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)方法通过对其森林群落进行排序,分析森林群落形成与环境因子和火干扰因子的关系,定量分离环境因子、火干扰因子及其二者的交互作用对森林群落形成的影响。【结果】1)TWINSPAN将149个森林群落调查样地划分为16种森林群落类型; 2)RDA排序结果较好地反映了喀纳斯泰加林群落形成与环境因子和火干扰因子之间的关系,环境因子中的海拔、坡位、坡度、坡向、土壤有机质和全钾含量对森林群落的形成起较大的作用,其中海拔、坡位、坡度和坡向与RDA第1排序轴存在极显著相关性(P<0.01),土壤有机质和全钾含量与RDA第1排序轴存在显著相关性(P<0.05);火干扰因子中的火烈度对森林群落形成也起较大的作用,火烈度与RDA第2排序轴存在极显著相关性(P<0.01); 3)因子分离显示,在影响喀纳斯泰加林群落形成的因素中,环境因子解释的部分占21.96%,火干扰因子解释的部分占1.80%,二者交互作用解释的部分占49.82%,未能解释的部分占26.42%。【结论】喀纳斯国家自然保护区科学实验区有16种森林群落类型,其森林群落形成受环境因子和火干扰因子的共同控制,并且二者的交互作用尤为突出。火干扰是新疆喀纳斯泰加林群落物种多样性保护与森林可持续经营不可或缺的重要因素。
【Objective】This study aimed to classify forest communities, and quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution of forest communities and its relationship between environmental factors and fire disturbance factors, so as to provide the scientific guidance for conservation of species diversity and sustainable taiga forest management of Kanas in Xinjiang. 【Method】The pyrogenic succession taiga forest community in Kanas was taken as the research object. Based on the survey of 149 forest community sample plots and the occurence time and severity of fire disturbance, the Two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) method was used to classify the forest communities at different successional stages in the scientific experimental area of Kanas National Nature Reserve. The redundancy analysis(RDA) method was used to rank the forest communities, the interrelationship among the distribution of forest community, environmental factors and fire disturbance factors was analyzed, and the effects of environmental factors, fire disturbance factors and its interactions on the spatial distribution of forest communities were quantitatively separated.【Result】The 149 survey plots were classified into sixteen types of forest communities by TWINSPAN. The results of the RDA ordination clearly reflected the relationship between the forest community formation and environmental factors and fire disturbance. The altitude, slope position, aspect, soil organic and total potassium content in environmental factors played an important role in the distribution of forest community. Among them, altitude, location, slope position and aspect were significantly correlated with the first RDA axis(P<0.01), soil organic and total potassium content were also significantly correlated with the first RDA axis(P<0.05). In terms of fire interfering factors, fire disturbance severity also affected the distribution of forest community. There was a highly significant correlation between fire severity and second RDA axis(P<0.01). Factor segregation showed that among the factors affecting the formation of the community, 21.96% were explained by environmental factors, 1.80% by the fire disturbance factors, 49.82% by the interaction between the above two factors, and 26.42% were not determined.【Conclusion】There are sixteen forest communities in the experimental area of Kanas National Nature Reserve. The forest community distribution is collectively controlled by environmental factors and fire disturbance factors, and the interaction between them is particularly prominent as well. Fire disturbance is an indispensable and important factor for the conservation of species diversity and the sustainable forest management of Kanas in Xinjiang.
【Objective】This study aimed to classify forest communities, and quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution of forest communities and its relationship between environmental factors and fire disturbance factors, so as to provide the scientific guidance for conservation of species diversity and sustainable taiga forest management of Kanas in Xinjiang. 【Method】The pyrogenic succession taiga forest community in Kanas was taken as the research object. Based on the survey of 149 forest community sample plots and the occurence time and severity of fire disturbance, the Two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) method was used to classify the forest communities at different successional stages in the scientific experimental area of Kanas National Nature Reserve. The redundancy analysis(RDA) method was used to rank the forest communities, the interrelationship among the distribution of forest community, environmental factors and fire disturbance factors was analyzed, and the effects of environmental factors, fire disturbance factors and its interactions on the spatial distribution of forest communities were quantitatively separated.【Result】The 149 survey plots were classified into sixteen types of forest communities by TWINSPAN. The results of the RDA ordination clearly reflected the relationship between the forest community formation and environmental factors and fire disturbance. The altitude, slope position, aspect, soil organic and total potassium content in environmental factors played an important role in the distribution of forest community. Among them, altitude, location, slope position and aspect were significantly correlated with the first RDA axis(P<0.01), soil organic and total potassium content were also significantly correlated with the first RDA axis(P<0.05). In terms of fire interfering factors, fire disturbance severity also affected the distribution of forest community. There was a highly significant correlation between fire severity and second RDA axis(P<0.01). Factor segregation showed that among the factors affecting the formation of the community, 21.96% were explained by environmental factors, 1.80% by the fire disturbance factors, 49.82% by the interaction between the above two factors, and 26.42% were not determined.【Conclusion】There are sixteen forest communities in the experimental area of Kanas National Nature Reserve. The forest community distribution is collectively controlled by environmental factors and fire disturbance factors, and the interaction between them is particularly prominent as well. Fire disturbance is an indispensable and important factor for the conservation of species diversity and the sustainable forest management of Kanas in Xinjiang.
引文
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陈煜,许金石,张丽霞,等.2016.太白山森林群落和林下草本物种变化的环境解释.西北植物学报,36 (4):784-795.(Chen Y,Xu J S,Zhang L X,et al.2016.Environmental interpretation of variations on forest community and understory herbaceous in Taibai Mountain,Shaanxi,China.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,36 (4):784-795.[in Chinese])
段晓梅,白玉芳,张钦弟,等.2016.山西太岳山脱皮榆群落的生态梯度分析及环境解释.植物学报,51 (1):40-48.(Duan X M,Bai Y F,Zhang Q D,et al.2016.Ecological gradient analysis and environmental interpretation of Ulmus lamellose communities in the Taiyueshan reserve,Shanxi.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,51 (1):40-48.[in Chinese])
郝建锋,王德艺,唐永彬,等.2014.人为干扰对江油地区马尾松人工林群落结构和物种多样性的影响.生态环境学报,23 (5):729-735.(Hao J F,Wang D Y,Tang Y B,et al.2014.Effect of human disturbance on species diversity of Pinus massoniana plantation in Jiangyou district,Sichuan province.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23 (5):729-735.[in Chinese])
李婷婷,张钦弟,段晓梅,等.2015.稀有种处理对RDA排序结果影响的比较研究.广西植物,35 (4):539-545.(Li T T,Zhang Q D,Duan X M,et al.2015.Comparative study concerning the effects of rare species treatment on RDA ordination.Guihaia,35 (4):539-545.[in Chinese])
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刘翠玲,潘存德,巴扎尔别克·阿斯勒汗,等.2009.自然火干扰对新疆喀纳斯旅游区森林景观树种结构的影响.植物生态学,33(2):555-562.(Liu C L,Pan C D,Asilehan B,et al.2009.Effects of natural fire disturbance on structure of tree species in Kanas Tourism district,Xinjiang,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,33 (2):555-562.[in Chinese])
刘宏文,程小琴,康峰峰.2014.油松人工林林下植物群落变化及其环境解释.生态学杂志,33 (2):290-295.(Liu H W,Chen X Q,Kang F F.2014.Changes of understory plant community in Pinus tabuliformis plantation and associated environmental explanations.Chinese Journal of Ecology,33 (2):290-295.[in Chinese])
刘瑞雪,陈龙清,史志华.2015.丹江口水库水滨带植物群落空间分布及环境解释.生态学报,35 (4):1208-1216.(Liu R X,Chen L Q,Shi Z H.2015.Spatial distribution of plant communities and environmental interpretation in the riparian zone of Danjiangkou Reservoir.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35 (4):1208-1216.[in Chinese])
龙健,廖洪凯,李娟,等.2012.基于冗余分析的典型喀斯特山区土壤-石漠化关系研究.环境科学,33 (6):2131-2138.(Long J,Liao H K,Li J,et al.2012.Relationship between soil and rocky desertification in typical Karst Mountain area based on redundancy analysis.Environmental Science,33 (6):2131-2138.[in Chinese])
马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.1995.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数.生态学报,15(3):268-277.(Ma K P,Huang J H,Yu S L,et al.1995.Plant community diversity in Dongling mountain,Beijing,China:Ⅱ species richness,evenness and species diversities.Acta Ecologica Sinica,15(3):268-277.[in Chinese])
潘晓玲,张宏达.1996.哈纳斯自然保护区植被特点及植物区系形成的探讨.生态科学,11 (4):1-7.(Pan X L,Zhang H D.1996.Diagnosis on the characters of the vegetation and the flora in Kanas,Altai.Ecologic Science,11 (4):1-7.[in Chinese])
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