从沧浪亭的变迁看苏州私园的历史保存和延续
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摘要
沧浪亭是苏州现存最早的私家园林,以沧浪亭的历史变迁为脉络,探讨苏州私家园林得以保存和延续的原因,得出以下结论:其一是造园选址,位于古城内建筑群边缘的园林相较于城中心的园林,其基址和规模更易保持;其二是园林性质的转换,沧浪亭经历了从私家园林到寺庙园林的转换,且提前在清初进入政府保护的公共园林状态,保证了它的经营和修缮的基本经济来源;其三是园主人及其家族的兴衰对园林的存续有重要的影响。
Canglang Pavilion is the oldest garden in Suzhou.This paper takes historical changes of Canglang Pavilion as the main line to explore the reasons of how to preserve and extend private gardens in Suzhou.The following are the main influence factors:1) the location:gardens located in periphery of old towns are liable to preserve their site and scale than those located in the center;2) the change of garden character:Canglang Pavilion had experienced the change from private garden to the temple garden and turned to be the public garden advanced in the early Qing Dynasty that guarantee the financial resource for its management and maintenance;3) the owner and the rise and fall of the owner's family have prominent influence on the existence and continuation of the garden.
Canglang Pavilion is the oldest garden in Suzhou.This paper takes historical changes of Canglang Pavilion as the main line to explore the reasons of how to preserve and extend private gardens in Suzhou.The following are the main influence factors:1) the location:gardens located in periphery of old towns are liable to preserve their site and scale than those located in the center;2) the change of garden character:Canglang Pavilion had experienced the change from private garden to the temple garden and turned to be the public garden advanced in the early Qing Dynasty that guarantee the financial resource for its management and maintenance;3) the owner and the rise and fall of the owner's family have prominent influence on the existence and continuation of the garden.
引文
[1]苏州市园林和绿化管理局.拙政园志[M].上海:文汇出社,2012.
[2]瞿慰祖.苏州河道志[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2006.
[3]范成大.吴郡志[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1999.
[4]王卫平.吴文化与江南社会研究[M].北京:群言出版社,2005
[5]蒋吟秋.沧浪亭新志[M].苏州:苏州美术馆印,1929.
[6]将建中.古今职官诠释[M].北京:中国书籍出版社,2015.
[7]皮日休,陆龟蒙.松陵集[M].北京:中国书店,1993.
[8]宋懋澄.九籥集[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984.
[9]衣学领.苏州园林历代文钞[M].上海:上海三联书店,2008.
[10]陆广微.吴地记[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1999.
[11]王謇.宋平江城坊考[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1986.
[12]苏州市园林和绿化管理局.沧浪亭志[M].上海:文汇出版社,2016.
[13]顾震涛.吴门表隐[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1999.
[14]周敢义,周雷.苏舜钦资料汇编[M].北京:中华书局,2008.
[15]脱脱.宋史·第三九册[M].北京:中华书局,1977.
[16]欧阳修.新五代史[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
[17]归有光.震川先生集·卷十五[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981.
[18]张学群.苏州名门望族[M].扬州:广陵书社,2006.
[19]顾苓.塔影园集[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2014.
[20]苏州市园林和绿化管理局.狮子林志[M].上海:文汇出版社,2015.
(1)一缗即一贯钱,宋代“以七十七钱为百”(《宋史》卷180《食货志》),即一贯钱等于770个铜钱。
(2)苏舜钦在《沧浪亭记》中记载,买下的地块“纵广合五六十寻”,宋代八尺为一寻,即该地块横纵向各在120~150m之间,可估算面积约30亩(约2hm2)。
[2]瞿慰祖.苏州河道志[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2006.
[3]范成大.吴郡志[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1999.
[4]王卫平.吴文化与江南社会研究[M].北京:群言出版社,2005
[5]蒋吟秋.沧浪亭新志[M].苏州:苏州美术馆印,1929.
[6]将建中.古今职官诠释[M].北京:中国书籍出版社,2015.
[7]皮日休,陆龟蒙.松陵集[M].北京:中国书店,1993.
[8]宋懋澄.九籥集[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984.
[9]衣学领.苏州园林历代文钞[M].上海:上海三联书店,2008.
[10]陆广微.吴地记[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1999.
[11]王謇.宋平江城坊考[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1986.
[12]苏州市园林和绿化管理局.沧浪亭志[M].上海:文汇出版社,2016.
[13]顾震涛.吴门表隐[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1999.
[14]周敢义,周雷.苏舜钦资料汇编[M].北京:中华书局,2008.
[15]脱脱.宋史·第三九册[M].北京:中华书局,1977.
[16]欧阳修.新五代史[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
[17]归有光.震川先生集·卷十五[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981.
[18]张学群.苏州名门望族[M].扬州:广陵书社,2006.
[19]顾苓.塔影园集[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2014.
[20]苏州市园林和绿化管理局.狮子林志[M].上海:文汇出版社,2015.
(1)一缗即一贯钱,宋代“以七十七钱为百”(《宋史》卷180《食货志》),即一贯钱等于770个铜钱。
(2)苏舜钦在《沧浪亭记》中记载,买下的地块“纵广合五六十寻”,宋代八尺为一寻,即该地块横纵向各在120~150m之间,可估算面积约30亩(约2hm2)。