面向GIC的巨磁阻电流传感器的特性研究
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摘要
地磁暴引发的地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current,GIC)侵入高铁电气系统可能影响高铁的安全运行,为了对GIC进行监测,本文设计了一个基于巨磁阻(giant magnetoresistance,GMR)效应的电流传感装置.该电流传感器装置由一个量程100 A且配备磁通聚集器的GMR传感器构成.本文探讨了传感器与导线成极端偏转角和水平偏移两种情况下对测量精度的影响,通过理论推导和有限元方法(finite element method,FEM)仿真进行了分析.仿真结果表明:当水平偏移控制在16 mm内时,测量误差<3.66%;当角度偏转控制在70°内时,测量差<6.62%;相比无磁通聚集器的传感器,灵敏度提高了19.7倍;极端位置下,测量误差减小可达121倍.同时实验结果表明,该装置测量准确度>97.2%,能够对GIC进行准确的监测.
The geomagnetically induced current(GIC) caused by geomagnetic storms intrudes into the high-speed rail electrical system and may affect the safe operation. In order to monitor the GIC, a current sensing device based on the giant magnetoresistance(GMR) effect is designed. The current sensor device consists of a GMR sensor of range of 100 A and equipped with magnetic flux guide. This paper discusses the influence of the extreme deflection angle and horizontal offset between the sensor and the conductor on the measurement of the sensor, and the simulation is analyzed by theoretical derivation and finite element method(FEM). The simulation results show that the measurement error is less than 3.66%. When the horizontal offset is controlled within 16 mm and the measurement error is less than 6.62%, when the angle deflection is controlled within 70°. The sensitivity is improved by 19.7 times and the measurement error is reduced by up to 121 times at extreme position. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the current sensor device in measuring the lightning current can be more than 97.2% in the experiment and the current sensor device can accurately monitor the GIC.
The geomagnetically induced current(GIC) caused by geomagnetic storms intrudes into the high-speed rail electrical system and may affect the safe operation. In order to monitor the GIC, a current sensing device based on the giant magnetoresistance(GMR) effect is designed. The current sensor device consists of a GMR sensor of range of 100 A and equipped with magnetic flux guide. This paper discusses the influence of the extreme deflection angle and horizontal offset between the sensor and the conductor on the measurement of the sensor, and the simulation is analyzed by theoretical derivation and finite element method(FEM). The simulation results show that the measurement error is less than 3.66%. When the horizontal offset is controlled within 16 mm and the measurement error is less than 6.62%, when the angle deflection is controlled within 70°. The sensitivity is improved by 19.7 times and the measurement error is reduced by up to 121 times at extreme position. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the current sensor device in measuring the lightning current can be more than 97.2% in the experiment and the current sensor device can accurately monitor the GIC.
引文
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22钟智武.磁电阻传感器.北京:科学出版社,2015.112-113,62-68
23 Ripka P.Noise and stability of magnetic sensors.J Magn Magn Mater,1996,157-158:424-427
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26 Ripka P.Magnetic Sensors and Magnetometers.Measurem Sci Tech,2001,13:645
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28张晓锋.巨磁电阻传感器的低频噪声抑制.磁性材料及器件,2012,43:38-41
29胡佳飞.基于GMR的高性能小型化磁传感器理论与技术研究.博士学位论文.北京:国防科学技术大学,2014
30 Liou S H,Yin X,Russek S E,et al.Picotesla magnetic sensors for low-frequency applications.IEEE Trans Magn,2011,47:3740-3743
31缪慧洁,李晶,陆申龙.InSb霍尔传感器输出电压温度特性的研究.物理实验,2001,21:46-48
32国旗,傅鹏,蒋力.霍尔传感器温度漂移补偿电路设计.强激光与粒子束,2017,29:129-132
33传宾.基于磁通门传感器的微弱磁场检测技术研究.硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2013
34钱政,任雪蕊,陈松.交/直流两用巨磁电阻电流传感器的特性.高电压技术,2008,34:914-918
35 Zhao J,Tian W,Zhang Q,et al.Designs of slope magnetic flux guides for 3-axis magnetic sensor.IEEE Trans Magn,2013,49:5301-5303
36 Zhao J,Hu J,Tian W,et al.Designs of novel magnetic flux guides for three-axis magnetic sensor.IEEE Trans Magn,2015,51:1-6
37 Chen J,Wurz M C,Belski A,et al.Designs and characterizations of soft magnetic flux guides in a 3D magnetic field sensor.IEEE Trans Magn,2012,48:1481-1484
38 Baibich M N,Broto J M,Fert A,et al.Giant magnetoresistance of(001)Fe/(001)Cr magnetic superlattices.Phys Rev Lett,1988,61:2472-2475
39 Binasch G,Grünberg P,Saurenbach F,et al.Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange.Phys Rev B,1989,39:4828-4830
40 Yang X,Liu H,Wang Y,et al.A giant magneto resistive(GMR)effect based current sensor with a toroidal magnetic core as flux concentrator and closed-loop configuration.IEEE Trans Appl Superconduct,2013,24:1-5
2 Wik M,Pirjola R,Lundstedt H,et al.Space weather events in July 1982 and October 2003 and the effects of geomagnetically induced currents on Swedish technical systems.Ann Geophys,2009,27:1775-1787
3李阳.地磁暴对高铁牵引变压器特性的影响研究.硕士学位论文.北京:北京交通大学,2016
4刘连光,葛小宁,王开让,等.地磁暴侵害我国高铁和油气管道的观测研究.中国科学:技术科学,2016,46:268-275
5卞丽丽,刘连光,蒋智化,等.轨道电路扼流变压器的磁暴侵害效应仿真研究.中国铁路,2012,9:59-62
6钱学成,刘明光,刘铁,等.地磁暴对轨道电路电磁干扰的机理分析.铁道学报,2015,37:42-46
7李阳,刘明光,钱学成,等.牵引供电系统中的GIC监测研究.铁道学报,2017,39:31-36
8钱学成.地磁暴对轨道电路的影响探究.硕士学位论文.北京:北京交通大学,2016.25-40
9 Xiao C,Zhao L,Asada T,et al.An overview of integratablecurrent sensor technologies.In:38th IAS Annual Meeting on Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference.Salt Lake City,2003.1251-1258
10 Popovic R S,Flanagan J A,Besse P A.The future of magnetic sensors.Sensors Actuat A-Phys,1996,56:39-55
11 Lenz J,Edelstein S.Magnetic sensors and their applications.IEEE Sensors J,2006,6:631-649
12 Bernieri A,Betta G,Ferrigno L,et al.Improving performance of GMR sensors.IEEE Sensors J,2013,13:4513-4521
13 Cubells-Beltrán M D,Reig C,Madrenas J,et al.Integration of GMR sensors with different technologies.Sensors,2016,16:939
14 Reig C,Ram rez D,Silva F,et al.Design,fabrication,and analysis of a spin-valve based current sensor.Sensors Actuators A-Phys,2004,115:259-266
15 Reig C,Ramirez D,Li H H,et al.Low-current sensing with specular spin valve structures.IEE Proc Circuits Devices Syst,2005,152:307
16 Cubells-Beltrán M D,Reig C,Mu駉z D R,et al.Full Wheatstone bridge spin-valve based sensors for IC currents monitoring.IEEE Sens J,2009,9:1756-1762
17 Marcellis A D,Reig C,Cubells M D,et al.Giant Magnetoresistance(GMR)sensors for 0.35 m CMOS technology sub-mA current sensing.In:Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Sensors.Valencia,Spain,2014.444-447
18 Sánchez Moreno J,Ramírez Mu駉z D,Cardoso S,et al.A non-invasive thermal drift compensation technique applied to a spin-valve magnetoresistive current sensor.Sensors,2011,11:2447-2458
19斯朗瓦莫.赵书涛,葛玉敏,译.磁性测量手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2013.37,264-279,218,244
20李文涛,谢致薇,杨元政,等.薄膜巨磁电阻效应及其研究进展.材料导报,2010,24:29-32,38
21何金良,嵇士杰,刘俊,等.基于巨磁电阻效应的电流传感器技术及在智能电网中的应用前景.电网技术,2011,5:8-14
22钟智武.磁电阻传感器.北京:科学出版社,2015.112-113,62-68
23 Ripka P.Noise and stability of magnetic sensors.J Magn Magn Mater,1996,157-158:424-427
24 Schott C,Waser J M,Popovic R S.Single-chip 3-D silicon Hall sensor.Sensors Actuat A-Phys,2000,82:167-173
25 Koch R H,Rozen J R.Low-noise flux-gate magnetic-field sensors using ring-and rod-core geometries.Appl Phys Lett,2001,78:1897-1899
26 Ripka P.Magnetic Sensors and Magnetometers.Measurem Sci Tech,2001,13:645
27 Stutzke N A,Russek S E,Pappas D P,et al.Low-frequency noise measurements on commercial magnetoresistive magnetic field sensors.J Appl Phys,2005,97:10Q107
28张晓锋.巨磁电阻传感器的低频噪声抑制.磁性材料及器件,2012,43:38-41
29胡佳飞.基于GMR的高性能小型化磁传感器理论与技术研究.博士学位论文.北京:国防科学技术大学,2014
30 Liou S H,Yin X,Russek S E,et al.Picotesla magnetic sensors for low-frequency applications.IEEE Trans Magn,2011,47:3740-3743
31缪慧洁,李晶,陆申龙.InSb霍尔传感器输出电压温度特性的研究.物理实验,2001,21:46-48
32国旗,傅鹏,蒋力.霍尔传感器温度漂移补偿电路设计.强激光与粒子束,2017,29:129-132
33传宾.基于磁通门传感器的微弱磁场检测技术研究.硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2013
34钱政,任雪蕊,陈松.交/直流两用巨磁电阻电流传感器的特性.高电压技术,2008,34:914-918
35 Zhao J,Tian W,Zhang Q,et al.Designs of slope magnetic flux guides for 3-axis magnetic sensor.IEEE Trans Magn,2013,49:5301-5303
36 Zhao J,Hu J,Tian W,et al.Designs of novel magnetic flux guides for three-axis magnetic sensor.IEEE Trans Magn,2015,51:1-6
37 Chen J,Wurz M C,Belski A,et al.Designs and characterizations of soft magnetic flux guides in a 3D magnetic field sensor.IEEE Trans Magn,2012,48:1481-1484
38 Baibich M N,Broto J M,Fert A,et al.Giant magnetoresistance of(001)Fe/(001)Cr magnetic superlattices.Phys Rev Lett,1988,61:2472-2475
39 Binasch G,Grünberg P,Saurenbach F,et al.Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange.Phys Rev B,1989,39:4828-4830
40 Yang X,Liu H,Wang Y,et al.A giant magneto resistive(GMR)effect based current sensor with a toroidal magnetic core as flux concentrator and closed-loop configuration.IEEE Trans Appl Superconduct,2013,24:1-5