网球运动员对动态线索的加工优势及其ERP特征
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摘要
为探究动态线索提示下,网球运动员的认知加工方式及大脑活动特征,采用"专家—新手"范式以及用动态线索刺激材料改编的"提示—目标任务",借助事件相关电位技术,记录并分析专家组(网球运动员10人)和新手组(普通大学生10人)执行反应任务时的行为和脑电。结果发现,在动态线索条件下,专家组被试完成目标刺激任务的反应时较新手组更短,正确率更高;并且,大脑活动显示,在动态线索条件下,目标刺激出现前,专家组被试的CNV成分面积大于新手组;目标刺激出现后,专家组的早期N1潜伏期显著大于新手组,晚期P300波峰显著高于新手组。由此认为,在动态线索提示下,网球运动员较新手具有认知加工优势,可以更快更准地进行反应;同时在准备过程中投入的认知资源更多;在反应时将注意集中于关键信息,更加高效的分配认知资源。
In order to investigatetennis players' mode of perception and their brain activity features under the dynamic cue condition,the study recorded and analyzed through the " expert-novice" paradigm and the event-related potential( ERP) technology the behaviors and EEG data of expert group( 10 tennis players) and novice group( 10 university students) in performing the modified cue-target tasks adapted from dynamic cue materials. The results showed that under the dynamic cue condition,tennis players had shorter reaction time and better accuracy than the novices in completing target-stimulated tasks; in addition,brain activity revealed that before the stimulus occurred,expert group's CNV area was larger than that of the novice group under the dynamic cue condition; after the stimulus occurred,expert group's early latency of N1 was longer than that of the novice group,and their late P300 peak was significantly higher than that of the novice group. It can be inferred that under dynamic cue condition,tennis players have advantage over novices in perception,thus enabling them to react more quickly and accurately; invest more resources in the preparation period; focus on critical information and as a result distribute their cognitive resources more efficiently.
In order to investigatetennis players' mode of perception and their brain activity features under the dynamic cue condition,the study recorded and analyzed through the " expert-novice" paradigm and the event-related potential( ERP) technology the behaviors and EEG data of expert group( 10 tennis players) and novice group( 10 university students) in performing the modified cue-target tasks adapted from dynamic cue materials. The results showed that under the dynamic cue condition,tennis players had shorter reaction time and better accuracy than the novices in completing target-stimulated tasks; in addition,brain activity revealed that before the stimulus occurred,expert group's CNV area was larger than that of the novice group under the dynamic cue condition; after the stimulus occurred,expert group's early latency of N1 was longer than that of the novice group,and their late P300 peak was significantly higher than that of the novice group. It can be inferred that under dynamic cue condition,tennis players have advantage over novices in perception,thus enabling them to react more quickly and accurately; invest more resources in the preparation period; focus on critical information and as a result distribute their cognitive resources more efficiently.
引文
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[15]TUETING P,SUTTON S,ZUBIN J.Quantitative evoked potential correlates of the probability of events[J].Psychophysiology,1970,7(3):385.
[16]DERING B,DONALDSON D I.Dissociating attention effects from categorical perception with ERP functional microstates[J].Plo S one,2016,11(9):e0163336.
[17]张怡,周成林.专业网球选手不同时机判断击球落点的行为特征——来自ERP的证据[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,(4):82-88.
[2]王小春,周成林.基于视觉线索遮蔽条件下的网球专家空间知觉预判:来自眼动与ERP的证据[J].体育科学,2013,33(2):38-46.
[3]王洪彪,周成林.运动智力研究述评[J].天津体育学院学报,2012,27(2):148-153.
[4]AGLIOTI S M,CESARI P,ROMANI M,et al.Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite basketball players[J].Nature neuroscience,2008,11(9):1109.
[5]GAILLARD A.The late CNV wave:preparation versus expectancy[J].Psychophysiology,1977,14(6):563-568.
[6]栗亚妮.网球运动员运动准备阶段及执行阶段事件相关电位(ERP)特征研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2014.
[7]栗亚妮,周成林.运动准备过程中的神经机制相关研究进展[J].解剖科学进展,2014(2):178-180.
[8]HUNG T-M,SPALDING T W,MARIA D L S,et al.Assessment of reactive motor performance with event-related brain potentials:attention processes in elite table tennis players[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2004,26(2):317-337.
[9]POLICH J.Neuropsychology of P300.[A]//Luck S J,Kappenman E S.Handbook of event-related potential components[M].London:Oxford University Press,2012:159-188.
[10]KUTAS M,DONCHIN E.Preparation to respond as manifested by movement-related brain potentials[J].Brain research,1980,202(1):95-115.
[11]姜德鸣,杨文华,邓峰华,等.关联负变化(CNV)与反应时的关系[J].心理学报,1987,19(1):105-108.
[12]CIRILLO J,FINCH J B,ANSON J G.The impact of physical activity on motor preparation in young adults[J].Neuroscience letters,2017,638:196-203.
[13]黄瑞馨,曹建云.CNV作为射击运动员选材指标的可行性探讨[J].上海体育学院学报,1993,(3):28-31.
[14]DI RUSSO F,LUCCI G,SULPIZIO V,et al.Spatiotemporal brain mapping during preparation,perception,and action[J].Neuro Image,2015,126(4):1-14.
[15]TUETING P,SUTTON S,ZUBIN J.Quantitative evoked potential correlates of the probability of events[J].Psychophysiology,1970,7(3):385.
[16]DERING B,DONALDSON D I.Dissociating attention effects from categorical perception with ERP functional microstates[J].Plo S one,2016,11(9):e0163336.
[17]张怡,周成林.专业网球选手不同时机判断击球落点的行为特征——来自ERP的证据[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,(4):82-88.