浙西南秋季林相美景度及其最优颜色构成模式研究
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摘要
【目的】研究景观因子对浙西南山地秋季林相美景度影响,建立景观评价模型,并依据景观评价模型分析最优颜色构成模式。【方法】以浙西南山地秋季林相景观为研究对象,采用SBE法(美景度评价法)评价山地林相的美景度,对构景要素进行分解,计算色相对比度,对数据进行标准化处理,建立景观评价模型。在上述模型的基础上根据各颜色成分要素间的关系,以数学方法求得最优颜色构成模式。【结果】剔除自变量的运算显示5个景观因子(色相对比度、绿色占比、黄色占比、红色占比、郁闭度)与美景度的偏相关系数都比较高,所以用这5个景观因子的25个类目建立景观评价模型,建立的山地秋季林相美景度模型为:Y_(SBE)=-0.548-0.062 x_(7b)+0.302 x_(7c)+1.176 x_(7d)-0.149 x_(8b)+0.640 x_(8d)+0.885 x_(8e)+0.060 x_(9b)+0.274 x_(9c)+0.311 x_(9d)+0.837 x_(9e)+0.170 x_(11b)+0.237 x_(11c)+0.182 x_(11d)+1.554 x_(11e)-0.637 x_(17b)+0.066 x_(17c)-0.578 x_(17d)-0.492 x_(17e),检验显示,评价模型的可信度高。红色占比的得分贡献百分比最大(30.0%),可见红色占比对模型的贡献率最大,色相对比度、绿色占比、黄色占比、郁闭度的贡献率依次减小。色相对比度为72～144时色相对比度和SBE值呈正比;绿色占比在60%以上时,绿色占比与SBE值呈正比;黄色占比与红色占比基本都与SBE值呈正比,郁闭度仅在70%～80%时与SBE值呈正比。综合绿色占比、黄色占比、红色占比和色相对比度这些因子,单从颜色对视觉感受的影响角度构筑关系式,使用枚举法求得当绿色占比以50%～60%、黄色占比为0～10%、红色占比为30%～40%时为山地秋季林相的最优颜色构成模式。【结论】颜色对美景度有重要影响,色相对比度、绿色占比、黄色占比、红色占比、郁闭度这5个景观因子与山地秋季林相美景度有很高的相关性,并得到了可信度高的线性评价模型;绿色占比在60%以上时绿色占比与SBE值呈正比,黄色占比与红色占比基本都与SBE值呈正比,色相对比度最佳值为36～72,林地的最佳郁闭度为70%～80%;综合绿色占比、黄色占比、红色占比和色相对比度这些因子,从颜色对视觉感受的影响角度来看,绿色成分占50%～60%、黄色成分占0～10%、红色成分占30%～40%为浙西南山地秋季林相的最优颜色构成模式。最后根据研究结果提出了使山地秋季林相具有更高美景度的经营策略和林相改造方法。
【Objective】We established a landscape evaluation model to determine which landscape factors had the greatest influence on the beauty degree.Based on the evaluation model,we determined the optimal color composition pattern.【Method】Based on the landscape of the autumn forest in southwest Zhejiang Province,the scenic beauty estimation method(SBE)was used to evaluate the beauty of mountain forest facies,and we decomposed the elements,calculated the color contrast,standardized the data,and established a landscape evaluation model.On the basis of the above model,the optimal color composition pattern could be obtained mathematically according to the relationship among the color components.【Result】The calculation of the independent variables showed that the partial correlation coefficients of the five landscape factors,hue contrast ratio,green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and canopy density,relatively affected the beauty degree.We decided to use the five landscape factors of 25 categories to establish a landscape evaluation model.The landscape evaluation model was:Y_(SBE)=-0.548-0.062x_(7b)+0.302x_(7c)+1.176x_(7d)-0.149x_(8b)+0.640x_(8d)+0.885x_(8e)+0.060x_(9b)+0.274x_(9c)+0.311x_(9d)+0.837x_(9e)+0.170x_(11b)+0.237x_(11c)+0.182x_(11d)+1.554x_(11e)-0.637x_(17b)+0.066x_(17c)-0.578x_(17d)-0.492x_(17e),and the results showed that the evaluation model had a high degree of reliability.The red proportion had the highest percentage of contribution to the largest score,reaching 30.0%.Thus,the red proportion had the largest contribution rate to the model,and hue contrast ratio,green proportion,yellow proportion,and canopy density had a contribution rate that decreased in turn.When the hue contrast ratio was between 72 and 144,the hue contrast ratio was proportional to the SBE.The yellow proportion and red proportion were basically proportional to the SBE.Canopy density was proportional to the SBE value only when canopy density was between 70%-80%.The integrated green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and hue contrast ratio,from the perspective of the color of the visual experience,built the relationship;while we used the enumeration method to determine that green accounted for 50%-60%,yellow accounted for 0-10%,and red accounted for 30%-40%for the mountain landscape in the optimal color composition model.【Conclusion】The color has a significant influence on the beauty degree,and there were five landscape factors,including the hue contrast ratio,green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and canopy density those had a high correlation with the mountain scenery in the autumn.We obtained a linear evaluation model with high degree of credibility.The green proportion was basically proportional to the SBE value when green accounted for more than 60%.The proportion of yellow and red were basically proportional to the SBE value.The best hue contrast ratio was between 36 to 72.The best canopy density was between 70%to 80%.When integrating the green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and hue contrast ratio,the optimal color composition model occurred when the green components accounted for 50%-60%,yellow component accounted for 0-10%,and red component accounted for 30%-40%in the southwest of the Zhejiang mountain forest from the point of view of the color of the visual experience.Finally,according to the research results,the paper puts forward a management strategy and method of forest facies transformation.
【Objective】We established a landscape evaluation model to determine which landscape factors had the greatest influence on the beauty degree.Based on the evaluation model,we determined the optimal color composition pattern.【Method】Based on the landscape of the autumn forest in southwest Zhejiang Province,the scenic beauty estimation method(SBE)was used to evaluate the beauty of mountain forest facies,and we decomposed the elements,calculated the color contrast,standardized the data,and established a landscape evaluation model.On the basis of the above model,the optimal color composition pattern could be obtained mathematically according to the relationship among the color components.【Result】The calculation of the independent variables showed that the partial correlation coefficients of the five landscape factors,hue contrast ratio,green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and canopy density,relatively affected the beauty degree.We decided to use the five landscape factors of 25 categories to establish a landscape evaluation model.The landscape evaluation model was:Y_(SBE)=-0.548-0.062x_(7b)+0.302x_(7c)+1.176x_(7d)-0.149x_(8b)+0.640x_(8d)+0.885x_(8e)+0.060x_(9b)+0.274x_(9c)+0.311x_(9d)+0.837x_(9e)+0.170x_(11b)+0.237x_(11c)+0.182x_(11d)+1.554x_(11e)-0.637x_(17b)+0.066x_(17c)-0.578x_(17d)-0.492x_(17e),and the results showed that the evaluation model had a high degree of reliability.The red proportion had the highest percentage of contribution to the largest score,reaching 30.0%.Thus,the red proportion had the largest contribution rate to the model,and hue contrast ratio,green proportion,yellow proportion,and canopy density had a contribution rate that decreased in turn.When the hue contrast ratio was between 72 and 144,the hue contrast ratio was proportional to the SBE.The yellow proportion and red proportion were basically proportional to the SBE.Canopy density was proportional to the SBE value only when canopy density was between 70%-80%.The integrated green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and hue contrast ratio,from the perspective of the color of the visual experience,built the relationship;while we used the enumeration method to determine that green accounted for 50%-60%,yellow accounted for 0-10%,and red accounted for 30%-40%for the mountain landscape in the optimal color composition model.【Conclusion】The color has a significant influence on the beauty degree,and there were five landscape factors,including the hue contrast ratio,green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and canopy density those had a high correlation with the mountain scenery in the autumn.We obtained a linear evaluation model with high degree of credibility.The green proportion was basically proportional to the SBE value when green accounted for more than 60%.The proportion of yellow and red were basically proportional to the SBE value.The best hue contrast ratio was between 36 to 72.The best canopy density was between 70%to 80%.When integrating the green proportion,yellow proportion,red proportion,and hue contrast ratio,the optimal color composition model occurred when the green components accounted for 50%-60%,yellow component accounted for 0-10%,and red component accounted for 30%-40%in the southwest of the Zhejiang mountain forest from the point of view of the color of the visual experience.Finally,according to the research results,the paper puts forward a management strategy and method of forest facies transformation.
引文
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[2]DANIEL T C,BOSTER R S.Measuring landscape aesthetics:the scenic beauty estimation method[D].Tucson,USA:University of Arizona,1976.
[3]翟明普,张荣,阎海平.风景评价在风景林建设中应用研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2003,16(6):16-19. DOI:10. 3969/j.issn.1001-4241.2003.06.004.ZHAI M P,ZHANG R,YAN H P.Review on the studies on scenic evaluation and its applicationin scenic forest construction both at home and abroad[J]. World Forestry Research,2003,16(6):16-19.
[4]李效文,贾黎明,郝小飞.森林景观SBE评价方法[J].中国城市林业,2007,5(3):33-36. DOI:10.3969/j. issn.1672-4925.2007.03.012.LI X W,JIA L M,HAO X F. Forest landscape SBE evaluation method[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry,2007,5(3):33-36.
[5]郑瑶.重庆市秋季常见园林植物色彩定量研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.ZHENG Y.Quantitative research on autumn common plant colour in Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2014.
[6]GANDY R,MICHAEL J,MEITNER M J. The effects of an advancedtraveler information system on scenic beauty ratings and theenjoyment of a recreational drive[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,82(1/2):85-93. DOI:10. 1016/j. landurbplan.2007.01.018.
[7]章志都,徐程扬,董建文,等.郁闭度对风景游憩林林下植被及林内景观的影响[J].城镇绿化,2008,6(2):10-13.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4925.2008.02.003.ZHANG Z D,XU C Y,DONG J W,et al.Effects of canopy density on undergrowth vegetation and forest landscape in scenic recreational forest[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry,2008,6(2):10-13.
[8]董建文.福建中、南亚热带风景游憩林构建技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.DONG J W. Study on the construction technology of recreational forest in central and south subtropical scenic spots in Fujian Province[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2006.
[9]ZDZISTAW K,DOBROWOLSKA D.Dendrological and landscape evaluation of the rural park Borek(Lublin Province)[J]. Forest Research Papers,2016,77(2):166-172. 10. 1515/frp-2016-0019.
[10]COSALIA V B.Pedestrian visual recommendation in KertanegaraSemeru corridor in Malang City[J].Conference Series:Earth Environ Science,2017,70:12-26. DOI:10. 1088/1755-1315/70/1/012026.
[11]SCHIRPKE U,HOLZLER S,LEITINGER G,et al.Can we model the scenic beauty of an alpine landscape[J].Sustainability,2013,5(3):1080-1094.DOI:10.3390/su5031080.
[12]PENG S H,TANG C.Blending the analytic hierarchy process andfuzzy logical systems in scenic beauty assessment of check dams instreams[J]. Water,2015,7(12):6983-6998. DOI:10.3390/w7126670.
[13]李冠衡,熊健,徐梦林,等.北京公园绿地边缘植物景观降噪能力与视觉效果的综合研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(3):93-104.DOI:10.13332/j.1000--1522.20160259.LI G H,XIONG J,XU M L,et al. Comprehensive study on the noise reductionability and the visual effect on the edge of green space of Beijing urban park[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(3):93-104.
[14]徐鼎,王忠君.基于SBE法的岭南四大名园景观美学评价[J].中国城市林业,2017,15(1):20-24.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4925.2017.01.005.XU D,WANG Z J.Landscape aesthetics evaluation of four famous gardens in south China based on SBE method[J].Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry,2017,15(1):20-24.
[15]陈鑫峰,贾黎明,王雁,等.京西山区风景游憩林季相景观评价及经营技术原则[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(4):39-45.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2008.04.008.CHEN X F,JIA L M,WANG Y,et al. Landscape estimationand management technique principles of different seasonal scenic and recreational forests in West Mountain,Beijing[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(4):39-45.
[16]毛炯玮.城市自然遗留地的景观美学评价[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.MAO J W.Evaluation of landscape aesthetics in urban natural retention[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2009.
[17]BIENABE E,HEARNE R R.Public preferences for biodiversityconservation and scenic beauty within a framework of environmentalservices payments[J]. Forest Policy and Economics,2006,9(4):335-348.DOI:10.1016/j.forpol.2005.10.002.
[18] FRANK S,FURST C,KOSCSKE L,et al. Assessment of landscapeaesthetics-validation of a landscape metrics-based assessment by visual estimation of the scenic beauty[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,32:222-231.
[19]HEGDE A L,WOODSON H.Effects of light source,Illuminance,and hue on visual contrast[J]. Family&Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 2009, 28(2):217-238. DOI:10.1177/1077727X99282005.
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