云南景颇族与汉族农村居民吸烟和尼古丁依赖现状分析
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摘要
目的对比分析云南省景颇族与汉族居民的吸烟和尼古丁依赖流行现状。方法于2015—2017年采用按比例概率抽样方法从云南省德宏州芒市1个景颇族聚集乡和宜良县1个汉族乡中随机抽取2 816名≥35岁常住居民进行面对面问卷调查。结果景颇族和汉族现在吸烟率和尼古丁依赖率分别为47.7%(652/1 367)和30.6%(433/1 449)、18.1%(248/1 367)和14.6%(211/1 449),且均是景颇族高于汉族(P<0.01)。景颇族和汉族均是男性的吸烟率和尼古丁依赖率高于女性(P<0.01),且景颇族女性的现在吸烟率明显高于汉族女性(23.2%,160/695和1.1%,10/728,P<0.01)。吸烟类型中景颇族和汉族均以吸食过滤嘴香烟为主(60.8%,392/645和70.5%,311/441),景颇族其次为嚼烟(27.9%,180/645)和手卷烟(13.3%,86/645),而汉族为无过滤嘴香烟(17.5%,77/441)和水烟袋(17.5%,77/441)。景颇族与汉族的开始吸烟年龄和规律吸烟年龄均集中在12~20岁,且景颇族早于汉族(P<0.05)。结论云南省景颇族和汉族的吸烟率、尼古丁依赖率和吸烟习惯存在民族差异。应根据不同民族的特点开展健康教育工作和制定相应的烟草干预措施。
Objective To compare differences in prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence between Jingpo and Han residents in rural areas of Yunnan province. Methods Probability proportional to size(PPS) sampling method was used to select representative samples of Jingpo and Han residents aged ≥ 35 years and residing in two towns mainly inhabited by Jingpo and Han population in Mangshi municipality of Dehong prefecture and Yiliang county of Kunming municipality,Yunnan province. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 816 participants between 2015 and 2017.Results The overall prevalence rate of current smoking and nicotine dependence were 47.7% and 18.1% for the 1 367 Jingpo participants and 30.6% and 14.6% for the 1 449 Han participants, with significant differences in the rates between Jingpo and Han participants(both P < 0.01). The prevalence rates of current smoking and nicotine addiction were higher among the males than among the females in both Jingpo and Han participants(P < 0.01) and the prevalence rate of current smoking was significantly higher for the Jingpo than for the Han among the female participants(23.2% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.01).Filtered cigarette was a main type of tobacco consumed by 60.8% and 70.5% of Jingpo and Han smokers; 27.9% and 13.3%of the Jingpo smokers reported the consumption of chewing tobacco and self-rolled cigarette; while, 17.5% and 17.5% of the Han smokers reported the consumption of non-filtered cigarettes and hookah. For all the smokers the majority had their smoking attempts and regular smoking at the ages of 12 – 20 years and the Jingpo smokers begun to smoke at early ages than the Han smokers(P < 0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the prevalence rate of smoking and nicotine dependence between Jingpo and Han residents in Yunnan province. Future intervention measures concerning smoking control and prevention should be implemented based on the characteristics of various ethnic populations.
Objective To compare differences in prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence between Jingpo and Han residents in rural areas of Yunnan province. Methods Probability proportional to size(PPS) sampling method was used to select representative samples of Jingpo and Han residents aged ≥ 35 years and residing in two towns mainly inhabited by Jingpo and Han population in Mangshi municipality of Dehong prefecture and Yiliang county of Kunming municipality,Yunnan province. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 816 participants between 2015 and 2017.Results The overall prevalence rate of current smoking and nicotine dependence were 47.7% and 18.1% for the 1 367 Jingpo participants and 30.6% and 14.6% for the 1 449 Han participants, with significant differences in the rates between Jingpo and Han participants(both P < 0.01). The prevalence rates of current smoking and nicotine addiction were higher among the males than among the females in both Jingpo and Han participants(P < 0.01) and the prevalence rate of current smoking was significantly higher for the Jingpo than for the Han among the female participants(23.2% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.01).Filtered cigarette was a main type of tobacco consumed by 60.8% and 70.5% of Jingpo and Han smokers; 27.9% and 13.3%of the Jingpo smokers reported the consumption of chewing tobacco and self-rolled cigarette; while, 17.5% and 17.5% of the Han smokers reported the consumption of non-filtered cigarettes and hookah. For all the smokers the majority had their smoking attempts and regular smoking at the ages of 12 – 20 years and the Jingpo smokers begun to smoke at early ages than the Han smokers(P < 0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the prevalence rate of smoking and nicotine dependence between Jingpo and Han residents in Yunnan province. Future intervention measures concerning smoking control and prevention should be implemented based on the characteristics of various ethnic populations.
引文
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[2]余振球,牟建军.社区高血压防治[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:186-193.
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[4]王传鹏,赵庆革,白亚娜,等.兰州市城市居民吸烟现状调查[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(23):4357-4361.
[5]Méndez D,Alshanqeety O,Warner KE.The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends[J].Tobacco Control,2013,22(1):46-51.
[6]Cai L,Wu XN,Goyal A,et al.Patterns and socioeconomic influences of tobacco exposure in tobacco cultivating rural areas of Yunnan Province,China[J].BMC Public Health,2012,12(1):1-8.
[7]Minh HV,Giang KB,Xuan LTT,et al.Exposure to second-hand smoke at home and its associated factors:findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Use survey in Vietnam,2010[J].Cancer Causes Control,2012,23(Suppl 1):99-107.
[8]Huang CL,Lin HH,Wang HH.Evaluating screening performances of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire,the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the heavy smoking index among Taiwanese male smoker[J].J Clin Nurs,2008,17(7):884-890.
[9]陈金彪,马骏,李长平,等.天津市居民吸烟现况及吸烟者尼古丁依赖状况[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(7):988-991.
[10]杨功焕.2010年全球成人烟草调查中国报告[M].北京:中国三峡出版社,2011.
[11]陈杨,肖义泽,杨永芳,等.云南省居民烟草相关知识、态度现况调查[J].中国健康教育,2010,26(2):117-120.
[12]程文茹.云南省富民县烟草暴露流行现状及社会经济影响因素研究[D].云南:昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,2015:1-71.
[13]王传鹏,赵庆革,白亚娜,等.兰州市城市居民吸烟现状调查[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(23):4357-4361.
[14]程文茹,蔡乐,何建辉,等.云南省富民县吸烟与被动吸烟的社会经济影响因素的多水平模型分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(11):2014-2016.
[15]罗洁莹,梁裕基,王谦可,等.广东顺德居民吸烟相关行为调查及影响因素分析[J].中国健康月刊,2011,30(5):323-325.
[16]吴曦,杨淼,姜垣,等.我国青少年被动吸烟现状及其影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2008,24(9):661-664.