基于全球陆面数据同化系统蒸散量的GSAC模型率定
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摘要
在识别缺资料流域水文模型参数时,目前常采用的区域化方法存在相似流域间降雨径流关系差别较大、模型参数与流域属性间的相关性不明显、在大范围缺资料地区难于选取参考流域等问题。本文从全球陆面数据同化系统(GLDAS)获取流域蒸散量数据,提出利用GLDAS蒸散量率定GSAC模型的方法。首先,通过合并网格建立GSAC模型模拟的蒸散量与GLDAS蒸散量在时间和空间方面的对应关系;其次,基于纳什效率系数的定义构建了一个模型率定指标,以评价GSAC模型模拟的蒸散量对GLDAS蒸散量的拟合效果;最后,依据GLDAS蒸散量与GSAC模型模拟蒸散量之间的拟合关系率定GSAC模型。呼兰河流域应用结果表明,GLDAS提供的蒸散量能够较好反映流域实际蒸散量的变化情况,为率定GSAC模型提供了一种有效的输入数据;在率定期与验证期,利用GLDAS蒸散量率定的GSAC模型对流量模拟的纳什效率系数分别为0.81和0.77,与利用流量数据率定的GSAC模型模拟结果相近。
Since International Association of Hydrological Science( IAHS) initiated the prediction in ungauged basin( PUB) programe,the regionalization has become a common method for identifying hydrological model parameters in ungauged basins. However,some problems exist in the regionalization method,which was commonly used for parameter identification of hydrological model in ungauged basins,such as different relationships between rainfall and runoff in similar basin,unobvious correlation between hydrological model parameters and basin characteristics,and difficult to select a reference basin in wide range of data-deficient areas,etc. It is significant to study the method of calibrating hydrological model by using the data outside the stream flow. A method was presented to calibrate the parameters of gridbased Sacramento( GSAC) model by using evapotranspiration( ET) data from global land data assimilation system( GLDAS). Firstly,a spatiotemporal-grid corresponding relationship between GLDAS ET and ET simulated by GSAC model was established. Secondly,a evaluation index based on NashSutcliffe efficiency coefficient was constructed to measure the fitting effect between GLDAS ET and ET simulated by GSAC model on 0. 25° grid. Finally,validation of GSAC model was carried out based on the GLDAS ET. The results of application in the Hulan River Basin indicated that GLDAS ET can bettersimulate the actual ET of the Hulan River Basin so that provided a useful input data for calibrating parameters of GSAC; the runoff Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of GSAC model calibrated by GLDAS ET were 0. 81 and 0. 77 in the calibration and validation periods,respectively,and the results were similar to the corresponding values of GSAC model calibrated by runoff data.
Since International Association of Hydrological Science( IAHS) initiated the prediction in ungauged basin( PUB) programe,the regionalization has become a common method for identifying hydrological model parameters in ungauged basins. However,some problems exist in the regionalization method,which was commonly used for parameter identification of hydrological model in ungauged basins,such as different relationships between rainfall and runoff in similar basin,unobvious correlation between hydrological model parameters and basin characteristics,and difficult to select a reference basin in wide range of data-deficient areas,etc. It is significant to study the method of calibrating hydrological model by using the data outside the stream flow. A method was presented to calibrate the parameters of gridbased Sacramento( GSAC) model by using evapotranspiration( ET) data from global land data assimilation system( GLDAS). Firstly,a spatiotemporal-grid corresponding relationship between GLDAS ET and ET simulated by GSAC model was established. Secondly,a evaluation index based on NashSutcliffe efficiency coefficient was constructed to measure the fitting effect between GLDAS ET and ET simulated by GSAC model on 0. 25° grid. Finally,validation of GSAC model was carried out based on the GLDAS ET. The results of application in the Hulan River Basin indicated that GLDAS ET can bettersimulate the actual ET of the Hulan River Basin so that provided a useful input data for calibrating parameters of GSAC; the runoff Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of GSAC model calibrated by GLDAS ET were 0. 81 and 0. 77 in the calibration and validation periods,respectively,and the results were similar to the corresponding values of GSAC model calibrated by runoff data.
引文
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8潘登,任理.分布式水文模型在徒骇马颊河流域灌溉管理中的应用Ⅰ.参数率定和模拟验证[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(3):471-479.PAN Deng,REN Li.Application of distributed hydrological model in irrigation management of Tuhai-Majia River basin I.parameter calibration and validation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(3):471-479.(in Chinese)
9潘登,任理,刘钰.应用分布式水文模型优化黑龙港及运东平原农田灌溉制度Ⅰ:模型参数的率定验证[J].水利学报,2012,43(6):717-725.PAN Deng,REN Li,LIU Yu.Application of distributed hydrological model for optimizing irrigation regime in Heilong-gang and Yundong plainⅠ.model calibration and validation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(6):717-725.(in Chinese)
10王斌,王贵作,黄金柏,等.栅格分布式水文模型在高寒区日流量模拟中的应用[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):36-42.WANG Bin,WANG Guizuo,HUANG Jinbai,et al.Distributed hydrological model based on grid and its application to daily runoff simulation for high-cold region[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):36-42.(in Chinese)
11戚颖.三江平原典型流域土地覆被变化对水资源的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.QI Ying.Research on the effects of land cover change of typical basin in Sanjiang plain[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2015.(in Chinese)
12白雪峰,王斌,戚颖.土地覆被变化对径流量影响的GSAC模型分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):257-264.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170732&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.07.032.BAI Xuefeng,WANG Bin,QI Ying.Impacts of land cover change on runoff based on grid-based Sacramento model[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):257-264.(in Chinese)
13 HARGREAVES G H,SAMANI Z A.Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1985,1(2):96-99.
14 ZHOU M,ISHIDAIRA H,HAPUARACHCHI H P,et al.Estimating potential evapotranspiration using Shuttleworth-Wallace model and NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data to feed a distributed hydrological model over the Mekong River basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,327:151-173.
15 RODELL M,HOUSER P R,JAMBOR U E A,et al.The global land data assimilation system[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2004,85(3):381-394.
16王斌,丁星臣,黄金柏,等.基于HWSD的GSAC模型网格化产流参数估计与校正[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):250-256,249.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170931&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.09.031.WANG Bin,DING Xingchen,HUANG Jinbai,et al.Grid runoff parameters estimation and adjustment of GSAC model based on HWSD[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):250-256,249.(in Chinese)
17 MO Xingguo,LIU Suxia,LIN Zhonghui,et al.Simulating temporal and spatial variation of evapotranspiration over the Lushi basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,285:125-142.
18 BORMANN K J,EVANS J P,MCCABE M F.Constraining snowmelt in a temperature-index model using simulated snow densities[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,517:652-667.
19 PENEV K,LITTLEFAIR G.Free search-a comparative analysis[J].Information Sciences,2005,172(1-2):173-193.
20王斌,黄金柏,宫兴龙,等.Free Search算法率定的Sacramento模型在东北寒旱区的应用[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):171-177.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160622&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.06.022.WANG Bin,HUANG Jinbai,GONG Xinglong,et al.Application of Sacramento model calibrated by Free Search algorithm in cold and arid region of Northeast China[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):171-177.(in Chinese)
2刘苏峡,夏军,莫兴国.无资料流域水文预报(PUB计划)研究进展[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(2):9-12.LIU Suxia,XIA Jun,MO Xingguo.Advances in predictions in ungauged basins[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2005,36(2):9-12.(in Chinese)
3李红霞.无径流资料流域的水文预报研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.
4伊璇,周丰,周璟,等.区划方法在无资料地区水文预报中的应用研究[J].水文,2014,34(4):21-27.YI Xuan,ZHOU Feng,ZHOU Jing,et al.Application of regionalization in hydrological forecasting for ungauged basins[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2014,34(4):21-27.(in Chinese)
5刘昌明,白鹏,王中根,等.稀缺资料流域水文计算若干研究:以青藏高原为例[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):272-282.LIU Changming,BAI Peng,WANG Zhonggen,et al.Study on prediction of ungaged basins:a case study on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(3):272-282.(in Chinese)
6 IMMERZEEL W W,DROOGERS P.Calibration of a distributed hydrological model based on satellite evapotranspiration[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,349(3):411-424.
7潘登,任理,王英男.漳卫河平原农业水资源高效利用的模拟研究Ⅰ.参数率定和模拟验证[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(5):13-19.PAN Deng,REN Li,WANG Yingnan.Study on utilization of agricultural water resources with high efficiency in Zhangwei River plain I.parameter calibration and validation[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2011,16(5):13-19.(in Chinese)
8潘登,任理.分布式水文模型在徒骇马颊河流域灌溉管理中的应用Ⅰ.参数率定和模拟验证[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(3):471-479.PAN Deng,REN Li.Application of distributed hydrological model in irrigation management of Tuhai-Majia River basin I.parameter calibration and validation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(3):471-479.(in Chinese)
9潘登,任理,刘钰.应用分布式水文模型优化黑龙港及运东平原农田灌溉制度Ⅰ:模型参数的率定验证[J].水利学报,2012,43(6):717-725.PAN Deng,REN Li,LIU Yu.Application of distributed hydrological model for optimizing irrigation regime in Heilong-gang and Yundong plainⅠ.model calibration and validation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(6):717-725.(in Chinese)
10王斌,王贵作,黄金柏,等.栅格分布式水文模型在高寒区日流量模拟中的应用[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):36-42.WANG Bin,WANG Guizuo,HUANG Jinbai,et al.Distributed hydrological model based on grid and its application to daily runoff simulation for high-cold region[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):36-42.(in Chinese)
11戚颖.三江平原典型流域土地覆被变化对水资源的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.QI Ying.Research on the effects of land cover change of typical basin in Sanjiang plain[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2015.(in Chinese)
12白雪峰,王斌,戚颖.土地覆被变化对径流量影响的GSAC模型分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):257-264.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170732&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.07.032.BAI Xuefeng,WANG Bin,QI Ying.Impacts of land cover change on runoff based on grid-based Sacramento model[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):257-264.(in Chinese)
13 HARGREAVES G H,SAMANI Z A.Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1985,1(2):96-99.
14 ZHOU M,ISHIDAIRA H,HAPUARACHCHI H P,et al.Estimating potential evapotranspiration using Shuttleworth-Wallace model and NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data to feed a distributed hydrological model over the Mekong River basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,327:151-173.
15 RODELL M,HOUSER P R,JAMBOR U E A,et al.The global land data assimilation system[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2004,85(3):381-394.
16王斌,丁星臣,黄金柏,等.基于HWSD的GSAC模型网格化产流参数估计与校正[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):250-256,249.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170931&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.09.031.WANG Bin,DING Xingchen,HUANG Jinbai,et al.Grid runoff parameters estimation and adjustment of GSAC model based on HWSD[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):250-256,249.(in Chinese)
17 MO Xingguo,LIU Suxia,LIN Zhonghui,et al.Simulating temporal and spatial variation of evapotranspiration over the Lushi basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,285:125-142.
18 BORMANN K J,EVANS J P,MCCABE M F.Constraining snowmelt in a temperature-index model using simulated snow densities[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,517:652-667.
19 PENEV K,LITTLEFAIR G.Free search-a comparative analysis[J].Information Sciences,2005,172(1-2):173-193.
20王斌,黄金柏,宫兴龙,等.Free Search算法率定的Sacramento模型在东北寒旱区的应用[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):171-177.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160622&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.06.022.WANG Bin,HUANG Jinbai,GONG Xinglong,et al.Application of Sacramento model calibrated by Free Search algorithm in cold and arid region of Northeast China[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):171-177.(in Chinese)