行内生草对葡萄根系生长和土壤营养状况的影响
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摘要
为解决葡萄根系上浮和土壤酸化问题,探明葡萄园生草对葡萄根系生长和土壤营养状况的影响,以清耕为对照,在辽宁兴城地区葡萄园行内种植黑麦草(Lp)和紫花苜蓿(Ms),研究行内生草对葡萄不同根层根系长度和表面积、土壤有机质及矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,黑麦草和紫花苜蓿均较清耕显著提高不同时期和不同土层的根系长度和根系表面积(P <0. 05),且其增幅为黑麦草>紫花苜蓿>清耕。黑麦草具有减轻葡萄园土壤酸化的效果,其土壤pH值6. 22～7. 04,高于清耕的6. 14～6. 39。黑麦草在坐果期、转色期和收获期的土壤有机质含量较清耕分别显著提高了24. 71%,48. 07%和44. 44%(P <0. 05),而紫花苜蓿较对照分别提高了7. 87%,29. 88%和34. 07%。黑麦草在坐果期、转色期和收获期时土壤中碱解氮含量较清耕分别显著提高了40. 40%,51. 46%,22. 15%(P <0. 05),而紫花苜蓿较清耕分别提高了29. 88%,28. 03%,5. 42%。黑麦草和紫花苜蓿较清耕均显著提高了各个时期的土壤有效磷含量(P <0. 05),钾元素含量明显升高,黑麦草处理的土壤全钾、全磷和有效磷含量最高,其次是紫花苜蓿,清耕最低。综上,行内种植黑麦草对增加葡萄根系长度和根系表面积、提高土壤有机质含量、减轻土壤酸化、增加必需营养元素含量等方面效果优于紫花苜蓿和清耕。
To solve the problem of grape root uplift and soil acidification,the influences in root growth and soil properties were studied by planting Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L. in the inline of vineyard located at Xingcheng in Liaoning Province. The results showed that both Lp and Ms could significantly increase the root length and surface area in different stages and root levels(P < 0. 05),and the amplification of which from high to low was Lp,Ms and control. The soil in vineyard by control management had an acidification trend,the pH distributed from6. 14 to 6. 39. The pH ranged between 6. 22 and 7. 04 in Lp treatment,while that in Ms treatment was lower than Lp treatment. Compared with the control,the content of organic matter in Lp treatment significantly increased by24. 71%,48. 07% and 44. 44%(P < 0. 05),while the Ms treatment increased by 7. 87%,29. 88% and 34. 07%,respectively. In fruiting period,veraison and harvest time,the content of alkaline nitrogen in soil by Lp treatment increased by 40. 40%,51. 46% and 22. 15%(P < 0. 05) to the control,respectively. In fruiting period,veraison andharvest time,while those in the Ms treatment increased by 29. 88%,28. 03% and 5. 42%,respectively. Compared with the control,both Lp and Ms treatments significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in soil(P <0. 05),which in Lp treatment was the highest,followed by the Ms treatment and the control. Both Lp and Ms treatments could cause the content of each mineral elements significantly increased at a certain time(P < 0. 05). The overall effect of Lp treatment on the root length,root surface area of grape,and the content of organic matter,essential nutrients in soil was better than that of Ms treatment and control.
To solve the problem of grape root uplift and soil acidification,the influences in root growth and soil properties were studied by planting Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L. in the inline of vineyard located at Xingcheng in Liaoning Province. The results showed that both Lp and Ms could significantly increase the root length and surface area in different stages and root levels(P < 0. 05),and the amplification of which from high to low was Lp,Ms and control. The soil in vineyard by control management had an acidification trend,the pH distributed from6. 14 to 6. 39. The pH ranged between 6. 22 and 7. 04 in Lp treatment,while that in Ms treatment was lower than Lp treatment. Compared with the control,the content of organic matter in Lp treatment significantly increased by24. 71%,48. 07% and 44. 44%(P < 0. 05),while the Ms treatment increased by 7. 87%,29. 88% and 34. 07%,respectively. In fruiting period,veraison and harvest time,the content of alkaline nitrogen in soil by Lp treatment increased by 40. 40%,51. 46% and 22. 15%(P < 0. 05) to the control,respectively. In fruiting period,veraison andharvest time,while those in the Ms treatment increased by 29. 88%,28. 03% and 5. 42%,respectively. Compared with the control,both Lp and Ms treatments significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in soil(P <0. 05),which in Lp treatment was the highest,followed by the Ms treatment and the control. Both Lp and Ms treatments could cause the content of each mineral elements significantly increased at a certain time(P < 0. 05). The overall effect of Lp treatment on the root length,root surface area of grape,and the content of organic matter,essential nutrients in soil was better than that of Ms treatment and control.
引文
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[4]郭磊,宋宏峰,俞明亮,等.桃园生草对土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(19):205-208.
[5]王耀锋,邵玲玲,刘玉学,等.桃园生草对土壤有机碳及活性碳库组分的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):6002-6010.
[6]王超,白龙,赵波,等.温带果园适宜草种及其播量的初步筛选[J].草业科学,2014,31(2):284-289.
[7]白岗栓,郑锁林,邹超煜,等.陇东旱塬果园生草对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(1):173-183.
[8] Ming gang X U,Wen S L,Gao J S. Effects of different forage planting model on soil and water conservation and environments in red hilly regions[J]. Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2001,15(1):77-80.
[9]李华,惠竹梅,张振文,等.行间生草对葡萄园土壤肥力和葡萄叶片养分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(S1):116-119.
[10]陈学森,张瑞洁,王艳廷,等.苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆结合自然生草对土壤综合肥力的影响[J].园艺学报,2016,43(12):2325-2334.
[11]杨奉霞.中国南方梨园生草效应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
[12]赵英杰.猕猴桃果园生草效应及栽培技术[J].落叶果树,2010,42(3):58-59.
[13]姚胜蕊,薛炳烨.果园地面管理研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,1999,30(2):186-192.
[14]惠竹梅,李华,张振文,等.葡萄园行间生草对植株生长的影响[C]//中国园艺学会青年学术讨论会,2004.
[15]岳泰新,惠竹梅,孙莹,等.行间生草对葡萄园土壤微生物学特征的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(9):100-104.
[16]惠竹梅,张振文,成宇峰,等.行间生草对赤霞珠葡萄与葡萄酒中主要单体酚的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(9):3209-3215.
[17]魏志峰,郭景南,高登涛,等.行间生草对红地球葡萄园树体及土壤物理性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(2):122-125.
[18]黄建全,田淑芬,商佳胤,等.行间生草对玫瑰香葡萄生长及土壤性状的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2013(1):8-11.
[19]位杰,蒋媛,王丙太,等.果园生草栽培与利用技术[J].北方园艺,2018(6):197-201.
[20]曾明,李道高,熊丙全,等.桔园生草对丛枝菌根形成及果实品质的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2004,26(2):105-107.
[21]李国怀,伊华林.生草栽培对柑橘园土壤水分与有效养分及果实产量、品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):161-163.
[22]王依,陈成,雷玉山,等.果园生草对土壤环境及果实品质相关因素研究进展[J].北方园艺,2017(19):174-179.
[23]李强,赵秀兰,胡彩荣. ISO10390:2005土壤质量p H的测定[J].污染防治技术,2006(1):53-55.
[24]张瑞清,孙晓,杨剑超,等.果园酸化土壤修复技术——果园生草种植管理技术[J].烟台果树,2017(3):31-33.
[25]李秋红,郑素莲,王家祥,等.蓬莱市葡萄园土壤酸化及改良技术[J].土壤与作物,2014(2):63-67.
[26]王桂华,于树增,陈浪波,等.施用生石灰改良苹果园酸化土壤试验[J].中国果树,2005(4):14-15.
[27]李庆军,林英,李俊良,等.土壤p H和不同酸化土壤改良剂对苹果果实品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(14):209-213.
[28]李庆军,刘成连,李俊良,等.北方果园酸化土壤修复技术研究[C]//庆祝中国园艺学会创建80周年暨第11次全国会员代表大会论文摘要集,2009.
[29]寇建村,杨文权,韩明玉,等.我国果园生草研究进展[J].草业科学,2010,27(7):154-159.
[30]焦润安,张舒涵,李毅,等.生草影响果树生长发育及果园环境的研究进展[J].果树学报,2017,34(12):1610-1623.
[31]兰彦平,牛俊玲.石灰岩山区果园生草对果树根系生态系统的效应[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,20(3):259-261.
[32] Li H,Xi Z M,Fang Y L,et al. Effects of grass cover in vineyard on the vine growth and wine quality[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2005,22(6):697-701.
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