重庆地区烟田粉虱发生及扩散规律研究
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摘要
烟草种植业是重庆山区农户重要经济收入来源,近年来温室白粉虱在该地区多次爆发成灾,对当地烟叶产量、品质造成巨大损失。为明确重庆山区烟田粉虱种群发生、扩散规律及垂直分布情况,本文利用陷阱诱集与定点调查相结合的方式进行研究。通过连续2年定点调查数据发现,整个生产季节内从6月开始出现成虫,温室白粉虱具有2个发生危害高峰期,分别在8月初和9月初,且垂直分布具有明显的趋嫩性,以上部数量居多。在温室白粉虱成虫扩散期间利用相关性分析及主成分分析明确了种群扩散关键因子,在温度、湿度、风速三者之间,风速是其扩散的关键因子,风速与种群扩散相关系数r=0.967,主成分方差贡献率为51.177%。因此,在温室白粉虱种群扩散初期对下风向地区需格外关注,重点防控2个发生高峰期。
Tobacco planting industry is an important source of economic income for farmers in mountainous areas of Chongqing Area. In recent years,Trialeurodes vaporariorum has caused many outbreaks in the area,which has caused great losses to the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. In order to clarity the pattern of tobacco whitefly occurrence and spreading as well as vertical distribution,trapping enrichment technique and fixed-point investigation were resorted to in this specific study. Based on the data from two-year fixed-point observation,adult tobacco whitefly was detected from June in the whole breeding season,with two outbreak stages of high risks in early August and September,respectively. The vertical distribution showed a clear gradient of maturity,where larva tobacco whitefly was mainly located in the upper part of the region studied. Wind speed was the key factor of tobacco whitefly population spreading followed by temperature and humidity,which were supported by analysis both correlation coefficient(r = 0. 967) and main components of variance contribution rate(51. 177%). In summary,more attention should be paid to the downwind areas in the primary stage of population spreading for active prevention from the two months of higher risk of occurrence.
Tobacco planting industry is an important source of economic income for farmers in mountainous areas of Chongqing Area. In recent years,Trialeurodes vaporariorum has caused many outbreaks in the area,which has caused great losses to the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. In order to clarity the pattern of tobacco whitefly occurrence and spreading as well as vertical distribution,trapping enrichment technique and fixed-point investigation were resorted to in this specific study. Based on the data from two-year fixed-point observation,adult tobacco whitefly was detected from June in the whole breeding season,with two outbreak stages of high risks in early August and September,respectively. The vertical distribution showed a clear gradient of maturity,where larva tobacco whitefly was mainly located in the upper part of the region studied. Wind speed was the key factor of tobacco whitefly population spreading followed by temperature and humidity,which were supported by analysis both correlation coefficient(r = 0. 967) and main components of variance contribution rate(51. 177%). In summary,more attention should be paid to the downwind areas in the primary stage of population spreading for active prevention from the two months of higher risk of occurrence.
引文
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Burnett T.An insect host-parasite population[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1960,38(1):57-75.
Byrne DN.Migration and dispersal by the sweet potatowhitefly,Bemisia tabaci[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,1999,97(4):309-316.
Crespo JE,Castelo MK.Barometric pressure influences host-orientation behavior in the larva of a dipteran ectoparasitoid[J].Insect Physiol.,2012,58(12):1562-1567.
Cui HY,Ge F.Diffusion of Bemisia tabaci in early spring in Beijing and Hebei regions[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2011,48(1):38-42.[崔洪莹,戈峰.京冀地区烟粉虱的早春扩散特征[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(1):38-42]
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Ma NY,Wang HQ,Zhang W,et al.The damage dynamics and spatiotemporal distribution of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)in cotton field based on GS analysis in Xingjiang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2654-2662.[马宁远,王惠卿,张伟,等.基于地统计学的新疆棉田烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius))危害动态与时空分布[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2654-2662]
Ma RY,Kong WN,Hao LJ.Host preference ofgreenhouse whitefly(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)for several horticultural plants in greenhouse[J].Entomol Knowl,2005,42(3):16.[马瑞燕,孔维娜,郝利军.温室白粉虱对几种园艺植物的偏好性[J].昆虫知识,2005,42(3):16]
Naranjo SE,Ellsworth PC.Fifty years of the integrated control concept:Moving the model and implementation forward in Arizona[J].Pest Management Science,2010,65(12):1267-1286.
Oliveira MRV,Henneberry TJ,Anderson P.History,current status,and collaborative research projects for Bemisia tabaci[J].Crop Prot.,2001,20(9):709-723.
Rosell RC,Torres-Jerez I,Brown JK.Tracing the geminiviruswhitefly transmission pathway by polymerase chain reaction in whitefly extracts,saliva,hemolymph,and honeydew[J].Phytopathology,1999,89(3):239-246.
Sharma D,Maqbool A,Ahmad H,et al.Effect of meteorological factors on the population dynamics of insect pests of tomato[J].Vegetable Science,2013,40(1):90-92.
Van Lenteren JC,Noldus L.Whitefly-plant relationships:Behavioural and ecological aspects[M].Whiteflies:Their bionomics,pest status and management,1990:47-89.
Vanlenteren JC,Vanroermund HS.Biological control of greenhouse whitefly(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa-how does it work[J].Biological Control,1996,6(1):1-10.
van Roermund HJW,van Lenteren JC.The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)and Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae).Life-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa as a function of host stage and temperature[J].Journal of Catalysis,1992,12(2):216-220.
Wang BX,Liu HQ,Chen F,et al.Trapping effect and control effect of yellow card in Dialeurodes citri[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2015,37(8):28-32.[王邦祥,刘浩强,陈飞,等.黄板对柑橘粉虱成虫的诱集作用和控制效果[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(8):28-32]
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Wu DD,Lin H,Que XT.Dynamics of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)on four houst plants[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,30(3):278-281.[吴咚咚,林航,阙晓堂.烟粉虱在四种寄主植物上的发生动态[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(3):278-281]
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Baumgrrtner J,Delucchi V,Von Arx R,et al.Whitefly(Bemisia tabaci Aleyrodidae)infestation patterns as influenced by cotton,weather and Heliothis:Hypotheses testing by using simulation models[J].Agr.Ecosyst.Environ.,1986,17(1-2):49-59.
Blackmer JL,Byrne DN,Tu Z.Behavioral,morphological,and physiological traits associated with migratory Bemisia tabaci(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)[J].Insect Behave,1994,8(2):251-267.
Burnett T.An insect host-parasite population[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1960,38(1):57-75.
Byrne DN.Migration and dispersal by the sweet potatowhitefly,Bemisia tabaci[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,1999,97(4):309-316.
Crespo JE,Castelo MK.Barometric pressure influences host-orientation behavior in the larva of a dipteran ectoparasitoid[J].Insect Physiol.,2012,58(12):1562-1567.
Cui HY,Ge F.Diffusion of Bemisia tabaci in early spring in Beijing and Hebei regions[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2011,48(1):38-42.[崔洪莹,戈峰.京冀地区烟粉虱的早春扩散特征[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(1):38-42]
Darshanee HLC,Liu TX.Potential for using semiochemicals to manage whiteflies(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)in agricultural fields[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2016,43(1):5-17.[Darshanee HLC,刘同先.利用信息化学物在田间控制粉虱(半翅目:粉虱科)的潜力[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(1):5-17]
Doukas D,Payne CC.Greenhouse whitefly(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)dispersal under different UV-light environments[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2007,100(2):389-397.
Fang YK,Liu FJ,Wu JX.Damage characteristics and control measures of Bemisia tabaci in Yangling area[J].China Plant Protection,2014,34(4):34-36.[方亚科,刘芳菊,仵均祥.烟粉虱在杨凌区设施蔬菜上的为害特点及其防控措施[J].中国植保导刊,2014,34(4):34-36]
Fargues,Smits,Rougier,et al.Effect of microclimate heterogeneity and ventilation system on entomopathogenic hyphomycete infection of Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)in Mediterranean greenhouse tomato[J].Biol.Control,2005,32(3):461-472.
FU X,Ye LF,Wang GQ,et al.Occurrence and development for Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum in Heilongjiang Province[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2011,48(1):32-37.[付雪,叶乐夫,王贵强,等.黑龙江地区烟粉虱和温室白粉虱发生动态[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(1):32-37]
Hu DX,Wu XX.The difference between Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum[J].Plant Protection,2001,27(5):15-18.[胡敦孝,吴杏霞.烟粉虱和温室白粉虱的区别[J].植物保护,2001,27(5):15-18]
Isaacs R,Willis MA,Byrne DN.Modulation ofwhitefly take-off and flight orientation by wind speed and visual cues[J].Physiol.Entomol.,1999,24(4):311-318.
Isaacs R,Byrne DN.Aerial distribution,flightbehaviour and eggload:Their inter-relationship during dispersal by the sweetpotato whitefly[J].Anim.Ecol.,2001,67(5):741-750.
Jiang ZX,Zhao YG.Study on the effect of wind on dispersal behavior of Bemisia tabaci[J].Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,2009,2:117-118.[江志新,赵永根.烟粉虱扩散行为受风影响研究[J].上海农业科技,2009,2:117-118]
Liu HL.Occurrence regularity and integrated control techniques of Trialeuvodes vaporariorum Westwood[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(2):189-190.[刘慧莲.温室白粉虱发生规律及综合防治技术[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(2):189-190]
Liu TX,Oetting RD,Buntin GD.Temperature and diel catches of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae)adults on sticky traps in the greenhouse[J].Journal of Entomological Science,1994,29(2):222-230.
Louren92o AL,Alves AC,Fugi CGQ,et al.Outbreaks of Trialeurodes vaporariorum(West.)(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)under field conditions in the state of S2o Paulo,Brazil[J].Neotropical entomology,2008,37(1):89-91.
Luo HW,Huang J,Wang ZH.The biological characteristics ofsweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius),on the sweetpotato host in greenhouse[J].Entomological Journal of East China,2003,12(2):21-26.[罗宏伟,黄建,王竹红.烟粉虱在温室内甘薯寄主上生物学特性的研究[J].华东昆虫学报,2003,12(2):21-26]
Ma NY,Zhang W,Wang HQ,et al.Application of CC-TRAP to monitoring the distribution dynamics of Bemisia tabaci(Gernnadius)is cotton field[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2007,44(3):368-371.[马宁远,张伟,王惠卿,等.CC-TRAP在棉田烟粉虱移动态监测上的运用[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(3):368-371]
Ma NY,Wang HQ,Zhang W,et al.The damage dynamics and spatiotemporal distribution of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)in cotton field based on GS analysis in Xingjiang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2654-2662.[马宁远,王惠卿,张伟,等.基于地统计学的新疆棉田烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius))危害动态与时空分布[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2654-2662]
Ma RY,Kong WN,Hao LJ.Host preference ofgreenhouse whitefly(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)for several horticultural plants in greenhouse[J].Entomol Knowl,2005,42(3):16.[马瑞燕,孔维娜,郝利军.温室白粉虱对几种园艺植物的偏好性[J].昆虫知识,2005,42(3):16]
Naranjo SE,Ellsworth PC.Fifty years of the integrated control concept:Moving the model and implementation forward in Arizona[J].Pest Management Science,2010,65(12):1267-1286.
Oliveira MRV,Henneberry TJ,Anderson P.History,current status,and collaborative research projects for Bemisia tabaci[J].Crop Prot.,2001,20(9):709-723.
Rosell RC,Torres-Jerez I,Brown JK.Tracing the geminiviruswhitefly transmission pathway by polymerase chain reaction in whitefly extracts,saliva,hemolymph,and honeydew[J].Phytopathology,1999,89(3):239-246.
Sharma D,Maqbool A,Ahmad H,et al.Effect of meteorological factors on the population dynamics of insect pests of tomato[J].Vegetable Science,2013,40(1):90-92.
Van Lenteren JC,Noldus L.Whitefly-plant relationships:Behavioural and ecological aspects[M].Whiteflies:Their bionomics,pest status and management,1990:47-89.
Vanlenteren JC,Vanroermund HS.Biological control of greenhouse whitefly(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa-how does it work[J].Biological Control,1996,6(1):1-10.
van Roermund HJW,van Lenteren JC.The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)and Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae).Life-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa as a function of host stage and temperature[J].Journal of Catalysis,1992,12(2):216-220.
Wang BX,Liu HQ,Chen F,et al.Trapping effect and control effect of yellow card in Dialeurodes citri[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2015,37(8):28-32.[王邦祥,刘浩强,陈飞,等.黄板对柑橘粉虱成虫的诱集作用和控制效果[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(8):28-32]
Wang JR,Ma DY,Wang HQ,et al.A taxonomic study of the whiteflies(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)in Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2016,38(3):541-549.[王吉锐,马德英,王惠卿,等.中国新疆地区粉虱种类(半翅目:粉虱科)记述[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(3):541-549]
Wang Y,Zhou FC,Zhou ZH,et al.Studies on diffusion of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius overwintering in the protecting fields[J].Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Editionl),2007,28(1):83-87.[王勇,周福才,周泽华,等.烟粉虱在非露地越冬地区的田间扩散研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2007,28(1):83-87]
Wang Y.Overwinter and Diffusion of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)inJiangsu Region[D].Yangzhou University,2007.[王勇.江苏地区烟粉虱的越冬及田间扩散规律研究[D].扬州大学,2007]
Wang ZQ.Species Distribution of Whiteflies in Liaoning Province and the Impact of Temperature on Their Frown[D].Shenyang Agricultural University,2016.[王子谦.辽宁粉虱种群分布与温度对其生长发育的影响[D].沈阳农业大学,2016]
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