英西湖相碳酸盐岩储层成因与含油性分析
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摘要
为了明确柴达木盆地英西地区典型湖相碳酸盐岩的储集特征,本文采用大量岩心、岩石薄片、成像测井和地球化学等资料,系统对研究区干柴沟组(E_3~2)的储集空间类型、成因机理及其含油气性进行分析.认为英西湖相碳酸盐岩形成盐间与盐下2套含油气组合,储集空间类型主要有晶间孔,另外还发育溶蚀孔洞、构造角砾孔洞以及裂缝;构造缝的发育对应于喜山期三次幕式构造运动,多类型成岩缝由纹层状岩性差异成岩所形成,裂缝既是储层改造和油气运移的通道,同时与晶间孔和溶蚀孔洞又保证了油气藏的高产富集.研究结果表明:1)英西湖相碳酸盐岩储集空间主体类型是准同生成因的白云石晶间孔,晶体大小为1～2μm,孔径多分布在424～750nm,面孔率为5%～8%.湖相碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用较弱,仅在白云石晶间孔基础上因有机酸微弱溶蚀形成扩溶孔,扩溶孔孔径一般小于1μm,大小多分布在540～990nm;2)研究区同时也发育一定规模的盐溶孔洞、构造角砾孔洞和裂缝.盐溶孔洞由大气淡水的淋滤作用形成,表现为沿层理面溶蚀和分散状石盐(石膏)颗粒溶蚀2种,主要分布在盐间含油组合.构造角砾孔主要分布于盐间滑脱断层带,由断层活动作用控制形成;3)构造缝与成岩缝均大量发育,构造缝以小缝和中缝为主,宽度大多分布在2～3mm以内,成岩缝包括层间缝、收缩缝和缝合线等3种类型,缝宽大多为微米级,其中层间缝是湖湘碳酸盐岩源内油气成藏的重要控制因素;4)晶间孔普遍含油,是油气成藏的基础.扩溶孔、构造角砾孔和盐溶孔洞增加了储集空间类型,增强了储集性能.
To clarify the reservoir characteristics of typical lacustrine carbonate rocks in the Yingxi area of the Qaidam basin,a large number of cores,thin section,imaging logging and geochemistry data were used to analyze the reservoir characteristics and oil-bearing propertiesof the Ganchaigou formation(E_3~2)in the study area.It is found that there are inter-salt and under-salt petroleum-bearing combinations in the Yingxi area.The reservoir space are basically intercrystalline pores,with some dissolution pores,tectonic-breccia conglomerate pores and fractures.The development of tectonic seams corresponds to the three episodes of the Himalayan tectonic movement.Formed by laminar lithology differential diagenesis,multi-type diagenetic fractures are important storage space and migration channel of oil.At the same time,intercrystalline pores and dissolution pores are major controlling factors dominating hydrocarbon enrichment and high-production.The results show that:1)The pores of lacustrine carbonate in the Yingxi area are mainly dolomite intercrystalline pores.The crystal size is 1—2μm,the pore size is mostly distributed in the range of 424—750nm,and the face rate is 5%—8%.The dolomite has a penecontemporaneous metasomatic formation mechanism.There is a small amount of intercrystalline solution pores of organic acids.The dissolution pore size is generally less than 1μm and mostly distributed in the range of 540—990nm.2)There are also some salt dissolution pores,tectonic-breccia conglomerate pores and fractures in the study area.Salt dissolution of pores in the reservoir include salt bed dissolution and scattered salt particles dissolution,both of which are contributed by fresh water leaching,and mainly distributed in inter-salt reservoirs.Tectonic-breccia conglomerate pores are formed by faulting and mainly distributed in intra-salt thrust fault zone.3)Structural fractures and diagenetic fractures develop very well in Yingxi area.The structural fractures are mostly small and middle fracture,with the width of 2—3mm or less;while diagenetic fractures can be subdivided into three subtypes such as interlayer fractures,shrinkage fractures and stylolite fractures,with the width in the micrometer range.Among them,interlayer fractures are important controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area.4)Intercrystalline pores are generally oil-bearing and form the basis of hydrocarbon accumulation.Intercrystalline solution pores,salt dissolution pores and tectonic brecciated pores also increase reservoir space and enhance the reservoir performance.
To clarify the reservoir characteristics of typical lacustrine carbonate rocks in the Yingxi area of the Qaidam basin,a large number of cores,thin section,imaging logging and geochemistry data were used to analyze the reservoir characteristics and oil-bearing propertiesof the Ganchaigou formation(E_3~2)in the study area.It is found that there are inter-salt and under-salt petroleum-bearing combinations in the Yingxi area.The reservoir space are basically intercrystalline pores,with some dissolution pores,tectonic-breccia conglomerate pores and fractures.The development of tectonic seams corresponds to the three episodes of the Himalayan tectonic movement.Formed by laminar lithology differential diagenesis,multi-type diagenetic fractures are important storage space and migration channel of oil.At the same time,intercrystalline pores and dissolution pores are major controlling factors dominating hydrocarbon enrichment and high-production.The results show that:1)The pores of lacustrine carbonate in the Yingxi area are mainly dolomite intercrystalline pores.The crystal size is 1—2μm,the pore size is mostly distributed in the range of 424—750nm,and the face rate is 5%—8%.The dolomite has a penecontemporaneous metasomatic formation mechanism.There is a small amount of intercrystalline solution pores of organic acids.The dissolution pore size is generally less than 1μm and mostly distributed in the range of 540—990nm.2)There are also some salt dissolution pores,tectonic-breccia conglomerate pores and fractures in the study area.Salt dissolution of pores in the reservoir include salt bed dissolution and scattered salt particles dissolution,both of which are contributed by fresh water leaching,and mainly distributed in inter-salt reservoirs.Tectonic-breccia conglomerate pores are formed by faulting and mainly distributed in intra-salt thrust fault zone.3)Structural fractures and diagenetic fractures develop very well in Yingxi area.The structural fractures are mostly small and middle fracture,with the width of 2—3mm or less;while diagenetic fractures can be subdivided into three subtypes such as interlayer fractures,shrinkage fractures and stylolite fractures,with the width in the micrometer range.Among them,interlayer fractures are important controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area.4)Intercrystalline pores are generally oil-bearing and form the basis of hydrocarbon accumulation.Intercrystalline solution pores,salt dissolution pores and tectonic brecciated pores also increase reservoir space and enhance the reservoir performance.
引文
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