摘要
以武陵山区小流域马尾松林、枫樟混交林、杜仲林和坡耕地为研究对象,对其7.5、12.0、20.0 cm土层深度在典型降雨前后水分动态变化进行观测与分析,研究了林地土壤水分的日变化规律,从而为林水综合管理、流域科学治理以及森林多功能高效经营等提供科技支持。结果表明:1)所有观测时间内,在7.5和12.0 cm土层深度处,4种植被类型土壤含水量最大的均是杜仲林,其次是枫樟混交林,最低的是坡耕地,土壤水分随深度增加而降低;在20.0 cm土层深度处,杜仲林和枫樟混交林差异不显著,马尾松林与坡耕地差异显著;3个土层深度下,4种植被类型土壤含水量均为杜仲林>枫樟混交林>马尾松林>坡耕地。2)降雨前, 4种植被类型的土壤含水量均比较稳定,只在7.5和12.0 cm处缓慢减少;降水后,4种植被类型的土壤含水量明显增加,增加幅度最大的是7.5 cm的马尾松林,其次是12.0 cm的坡耕地。3)降水前后,4种植被类型的土壤含水量与风速和大气温度均呈负相关关系,土壤的含水量与湿度呈正相关关系。4)综合分析表明杜仲林的土壤含水量最大,其作为生态经济型树种,具有较好的水源涵养能力,可大面积示范推广有利于提高研究区的生态效益。
By taking Pinus massoniana forest, Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest, Eucommia ulmoides forest and sloping farmland in Wuling mountain area as research objects, the daily variations of soil water in the forestlands in the soil depth of 7.5,12.0 and 20.0 cm were observed and analyzed before and after typical rainfall. And the diurnal variations of soil moisture in the forestlands were studied,thus providing some scienti?c and technological supports for integrated management of forest and water, scienti?c management of river basins, and multi-functional and ef?cient forest management. The results show that: 1) During all observation time,at soil layer depths of 7.5 and 12.0 cm, the soil moisture content of E. ulmoides forest at the depth of 7.5 and 12.0 cm soil layer was the highest, that of Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest was the second, and that of sloping farmland was the lowest, and the soil water content decreased with the increase of soil depth; At the depth of 20.0 cm soil layer, there was no signi?cant difference between E. ulmoides and Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest, but there was signi?cant difference between P. massoniana forest and sloping farmland; the soil moisture content of the three soil depth ranked from big to small as E. ulmoides forest > Acer and Cinnamomum camphora mixed forest > P. massoniana forest > sloping farmland. 2) Before the rainfall, the soil moisture contents of the four plant types were relatively stable, and slowly decreased only at 7.5 and 12.0 cm; After the rainfall, the soil moisture content increased obviously, the largest increase was in P. massoniana forest of 7.5 cm, followed by sloping farmland of 12.0 cm. 3) The soil moisture content was negatively correlated with wind speed and atmospheric temperature before and after rainfall, and there was a positive correlation between soil moisture content and moisture content. 4)The comprehensive analysis shows that the soil moisture content of E. ulmoides stands is the largest, as an ecologically economical tree species, it has better water conservation ability, and can be widely demonstrated and popularized to improve the ecological ef?ciency of the study area.
引文
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