电子束表面改性的研究进展
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摘要
电子束表面改性技术是改善材料硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的有效途径。目前国外电子束表面改性多与其他表面处理技术相结合,达到进一步提高材料表面性能的目的。介绍电子束表面改性及其复合处理技术对模具钢、高速钢、钛合金、铝合金及镁合金表面硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的改善效果,综述目前国内电子束表面处理的研究进展,说明电子束表面改性的局限性和发展方向。经过电子束表面改性,可以使材料硬度提高7倍、耐磨性提高10倍、腐蚀速率降低66%。
Electron beam surface modification technology is an effective way to improve the hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of materials. Nowthe foreign electron beam surface modification is usually combined with other surface treatment technologies to improve the surface properties of the material. Introduced of electron beam surface modification and its composite processing technology,the surface hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of die steel,high speed steel,titanium alloy,aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy are improved,which indicates the research progress of electron beam surface treatment,the limitation and development of electron beam surface modification are explained.After electron beam surface modification,the hardness of the material can be increased by 7 times,the wear resistance by 10 times,the reduction in corrosion rate of 3 times.
Electron beam surface modification technology is an effective way to improve the hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of materials. Nowthe foreign electron beam surface modification is usually combined with other surface treatment technologies to improve the surface properties of the material. Introduced of electron beam surface modification and its composite processing technology,the surface hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of die steel,high speed steel,titanium alloy,aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy are improved,which indicates the research progress of electron beam surface treatment,the limitation and development of electron beam surface modification are explained.After electron beam surface modification,the hardness of the material can be increased by 7 times,the wear resistance by 10 times,the reduction in corrosion rate of 3 times.
引文
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[8]卜文德,刘容光,宋锋涛,等.电子束局部热处理工艺对TC4钛合金焊接接头组织及硬度的影响[J].焊接学报,2017,38(9):102-106,133.
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[16]Walker J C,Murray J W,Nie M,et al.The effect of large-area pulsed electron beam melting on the corrosion and microstructure of a Ti6Al4V alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,311(9):534-540.
[17]KIM J,PARK S S,PARK H W.Corrosion inhibition and surface hardening of KP1 and KP4 mold steels using pulsed electron beam treatment[J].Corrosion Science,2014,89(89):179-188.
[18]Fritzsch K,Zenker R,Buchwalder A.Improved Surface Properties of AZ31 and AZ91 M g alloys Due to Electron Beam Liquid Phase Surface Treatment[J].M aterials Today Proceedings,2015(2):188-196.
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[22]Ormanova M,Petrov P,Kovacheva D.Electron beam surface treatment of tool steels[J].Vacuum,2017(135):7-12.
[23]Gotzmann G,Beckmann J,Wetzel C,et al.Electronbeam modification of DLC coatings for biomedical applications[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2017(311):248-256.
[24]Hollmann P,Grumbt G,Zenker R,et al.Investigation of Cracking Prevention in M agnetron-Sputtered Ti Al N Coatings During Subsequent Electron Beam Hardening[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2018(338):75-83.
[25]College D A,Zhu Y.Alleviating surface tensile stress in e-beam treated tool steels by cryogenic treatment[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2018(722):167-172.
[26]韩超.模具材料电子束表面合金化及高温性能研究[D].重庆:重庆理工大学,2011.
[27]吴爱民,陈景松,张爱民,等.模具钢电子束表面改性研究[J].核技术,2002,25(8):608-614.
[28]Lu Jian,Wei D,Wang R,et al.Surface polishing and modification of 3Cr2M o mold steel by electron beam irradiation[J].Vacuum,2017(143):283-287.
[29]赵晖,王涛.脉冲电子束处理对高速钢表面组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2004,29(6):51-54.
[30]Zhao Hui,Wang X H.Surface Morphology Evolution of High Speed Steel Induced by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation[J].Advanced M aterials Research,2012(557-559):1954-1959.
[31]李鹏兴,林行方.表面工程[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1989.
[32]李生志,李玉海,许婷婷.高速钢M2强流脉冲电子束表面改性研究[J].表面技术,2009,38(6):24-26,59.
[33]张向东.强流脉冲电子束钛基和镍基合金表面改性[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.
[34]Zhang Xiangdong,Wang Xiaoying,LI Fangfang,et al.Wear resistance improvement of a commercially pure titanium by high current pulsed electron beam treatment[J].IOP Conference Series:M aterials Science and Engineering,2017,182(1)012016.
[35]高玉魁.TB6钛合金的脉冲电子束表面改性[C]//太原.第十一次全国热处理大会论文集.2015:738-742.
[36]GAO Yukui.Influence of pulsed electron beam treatment on microstructure and properties of TA15 titanium alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,264(264):633-635.
[37]许海鹰,张伟,范恺,等.电子束高频扫描对TC4钛合金组织性能影响的研究(英文)[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017,46(6):1457-1462.
[38]周琦,常贵如,朱军,等.ZL109铝合金电子束改性的性能和组织[C]//桂林.第五届先进材料技术研讨会.2000:197-200.
[39]李刚,赵云龙,唐明忠.LY12铝合金电子束表面改性层组织结构及腐蚀性能[J].表面技术,2012,41(1):48-50,53.
[40]信卫坡.铝合金电子束扫描表面处理的研究[D].桂林:桂林电子科技大学,2011.
[41]Wang R,Li M S,Wei D Q.Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Superficially M odified by Electron Beam Alloying w ith 1Cr13 Stainless Steel[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013(470):48-52.
[42]曹辉,苑克,郝仪,等.纯镁和镁合金强流脉冲电子束表面合金化性能.[J]中国表面工程,2011,24(1):25-28,39,88.
[43]李旻才,郝胜智.强流脉冲电子束辐照AZ91镁合金表面组织及磨损性能研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2015,35(3):358-361.
[44]LI M C,HAO S Z,WEN H,et al.Surface composite nanostructures of AZ91 magnesium alloy induced by high current pulsed electron beam treatment[J].Applied Surface Science,2014(303):350-353.
[45]YE H,CHEN R,YAN Z L,et al.Effect of Electron Beam Treatment on the Surface Properties of AZ31B M agnesium Alloy[J].Advanced M aterials Research,2012(424-425):1016-1019.
[2]WR Wampler,DM Follstaedtand,ST Pieraux.Electron beam annealing of ion implanted Al[J].APPL.Phys.Lett,1980,36(5):366-368.
[3]JK Hirvonen,JM Poate,A Greenwaldand,et al.Pulsed electron beam irradiation of ion implanted copper single crystals[J].APPL.Phys.Lett,1980,36(7):564-566.
[4]张伏,王凤娟,郝建军,等.三束表面改性技术的应用及发展趋势[J].河北农业大学学报,2003,26(1):260-263.
[5]宋仁国,陈光南.激光和电子束表面强化技术的发展及其应用[J].物理,2000,29(7):411-415.
[6]赵铁钧,田小梅,高波,等.电子束表面处理的研究进展[J].材料导报,2009,23(5):89-91.
[7]戴伟,郑志镇,李建军,等.金属材料表面的电子束抛光研究进展[J].真空科学与技术学报,2016,36(5):582-596.
[8]卜文德,刘容光,宋锋涛,等.电子束局部热处理工艺对TC4钛合金焊接接头组织及硬度的影响[J].焊接学报,2017,38(9):102-106,133.
[9]魏德强,李新凯,任旭隆.电子束表面改性研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(18):19-23.
[10]J C Oh,D K Choo,S Lee.Microstructural modification and hardness improvement of titanium-base surface-alloyed materials fabricated by high-energy electron beam irradiation[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2000,127(1):76-85.
[11]EUH Kwangjun,KIM Yongchan,SHIN Keesam,et al.Effect of tempering on hardness improvement in a VC/steel surface-alloyed material fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation[J].M aterials Science&Engineering A,2003,346(1-2):228-236.
[12]Utu D,Marginean G,Pogan C,et al.Improvement of the w ear resistance of titanium alloyed w ith boron nitride by electron beam irradiation[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2007,201(14):6387-6391.
[13]Marginean G,Utu D.Microstructure refinement and alloying of WC–Co Cr coatings by electron beam treatment[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2010,205(7):1985-1989.
[14]Franke R,I Haase,M Klemm,et al.Friction and wear behaviour of electron beam surface treated aluminium alloys Al Si10M g(Cu)and Al Si35[J].Wear,2010,269(11):921-929.
[15]Gnyusov S F,Ignatov A A,Durakov V G,et al.The effect of thermal cycling by electron-beam surfacing on structure and w ear resistance of deposited M2 steel[J].Applied Surface Science,2012(263):215-222.
[16]Walker J C,Murray J W,Nie M,et al.The effect of large-area pulsed electron beam melting on the corrosion and microstructure of a Ti6Al4V alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,311(9):534-540.
[17]KIM J,PARK S S,PARK H W.Corrosion inhibition and surface hardening of KP1 and KP4 mold steels using pulsed electron beam treatment[J].Corrosion Science,2014,89(89):179-188.
[18]Fritzsch K,Zenker R,Buchwalder A.Improved Surface Properties of AZ31 and AZ91 M g alloys Due to Electron Beam Liquid Phase Surface Treatment[J].M aterials Today Proceedings,2015(2):188-196.
[19]Jung A,Buchwalder A,Hegelmann E,et al.Surface engineering of spray-formed aluminium-silicon alloys by plasma nitriding and subsequent electron beam remelting[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2018(335):166-172.
[20]Ramskogler C,Warchomicka F,Mostofi S,et al.Innovative surface modification of Ti6Al4V alloy by electron beam technique for biomedical application[J].M aterials Science&Engineering C,2017(78):105-113.
[21]Lazurenko D V,Bavata I A,Laptev I S,et al.Formation of Ti-Al intermetallics on a surface of titanium by non-vacuum electron beam treatment.[J].M aterials Characterization,2017(134):202-212
[22]Ormanova M,Petrov P,Kovacheva D.Electron beam surface treatment of tool steels[J].Vacuum,2017(135):7-12.
[23]Gotzmann G,Beckmann J,Wetzel C,et al.Electronbeam modification of DLC coatings for biomedical applications[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2017(311):248-256.
[24]Hollmann P,Grumbt G,Zenker R,et al.Investigation of Cracking Prevention in M agnetron-Sputtered Ti Al N Coatings During Subsequent Electron Beam Hardening[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2018(338):75-83.
[25]College D A,Zhu Y.Alleviating surface tensile stress in e-beam treated tool steels by cryogenic treatment[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2018(722):167-172.
[26]韩超.模具材料电子束表面合金化及高温性能研究[D].重庆:重庆理工大学,2011.
[27]吴爱民,陈景松,张爱民,等.模具钢电子束表面改性研究[J].核技术,2002,25(8):608-614.
[28]Lu Jian,Wei D,Wang R,et al.Surface polishing and modification of 3Cr2M o mold steel by electron beam irradiation[J].Vacuum,2017(143):283-287.
[29]赵晖,王涛.脉冲电子束处理对高速钢表面组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2004,29(6):51-54.
[30]Zhao Hui,Wang X H.Surface Morphology Evolution of High Speed Steel Induced by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation[J].Advanced M aterials Research,2012(557-559):1954-1959.
[31]李鹏兴,林行方.表面工程[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1989.
[32]李生志,李玉海,许婷婷.高速钢M2强流脉冲电子束表面改性研究[J].表面技术,2009,38(6):24-26,59.
[33]张向东.强流脉冲电子束钛基和镍基合金表面改性[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.
[34]Zhang Xiangdong,Wang Xiaoying,LI Fangfang,et al.Wear resistance improvement of a commercially pure titanium by high current pulsed electron beam treatment[J].IOP Conference Series:M aterials Science and Engineering,2017,182(1)012016.
[35]高玉魁.TB6钛合金的脉冲电子束表面改性[C]//太原.第十一次全国热处理大会论文集.2015:738-742.
[36]GAO Yukui.Influence of pulsed electron beam treatment on microstructure and properties of TA15 titanium alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,264(264):633-635.
[37]许海鹰,张伟,范恺,等.电子束高频扫描对TC4钛合金组织性能影响的研究(英文)[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017,46(6):1457-1462.
[38]周琦,常贵如,朱军,等.ZL109铝合金电子束改性的性能和组织[C]//桂林.第五届先进材料技术研讨会.2000:197-200.
[39]李刚,赵云龙,唐明忠.LY12铝合金电子束表面改性层组织结构及腐蚀性能[J].表面技术,2012,41(1):48-50,53.
[40]信卫坡.铝合金电子束扫描表面处理的研究[D].桂林:桂林电子科技大学,2011.
[41]Wang R,Li M S,Wei D Q.Microstructure and Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Superficially M odified by Electron Beam Alloying w ith 1Cr13 Stainless Steel[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013(470):48-52.
[42]曹辉,苑克,郝仪,等.纯镁和镁合金强流脉冲电子束表面合金化性能.[J]中国表面工程,2011,24(1):25-28,39,88.
[43]李旻才,郝胜智.强流脉冲电子束辐照AZ91镁合金表面组织及磨损性能研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2015,35(3):358-361.
[44]LI M C,HAO S Z,WEN H,et al.Surface composite nanostructures of AZ91 magnesium alloy induced by high current pulsed electron beam treatment[J].Applied Surface Science,2014(303):350-353.
[45]YE H,CHEN R,YAN Z L,et al.Effect of Electron Beam Treatment on the Surface Properties of AZ31B M agnesium Alloy[J].Advanced M aterials Research,2012(424-425):1016-1019.