四种生物农药对荔枝秋梢害虫的防效试验
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摘要
为了明确生物农药对危害荔枝秋梢害虫的防效,采用喷雾方法测试了3种苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)类农药和1种球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana在不同浓度下对鳞翅目害虫的防治效果,以20%除虫脲稀释1500倍为药剂对照,清水为空白对照。结果表明,生物农药中Bt B稀释2000倍或1500倍和Bt C稀释1000倍时的防效较好,3 d时虫口减退率分别为77.98%、69.45%、59.32%,均显著高于药剂对照组(50.58%);尽管7 d时的虫口减退率86.87%(Bt B2000)、78.67%(Bt B1500)、79.58%(Bt B1000)略低于药剂对照组的91.82%,但差异不显著。以上3种处理组老熟叶片被害指数均显著低于空白对照组,叶片危害率与空白对照组相比均未达到显著差异。相对于白僵菌处理组,Bt类生物药剂具有防效快且不易受外界环境干扰的优点。因此,建议采用Bt B和Bt C两种生物农药来替代除虫脲防治危害荔枝秋梢的鳞翅目害虫,同时要注意药剂的浓度和施药时机。
The control efficiency of three Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis) pesticides and one Beauveria bassiana against lepidopteran pests occurring on litchi fall shoots was evaluated, with 20% of diflubenzuron diluted to 1500 times as a chemical pesticide control and water as a blank control. Our results showed that spraying of Bt B diluted at 2000 and 1500, and Bt C diluted at 1000 times exhibited higher control efficiency in comparison with other biopesticide treatments. Three days after spraying, the pest population was reduced by 77.98%, 69.45% and 59.32% by the three Bt treatments, respectively, which contrasted to the 50.58% control efficiency in the chemical pesticide control. At 7 days after spraying, the pest population was decreased by 86.87%, 78.67% and 79.58% with the three Bt treatments, which were not significantly different from that in the chemical pesticide control(91.82%). The damage indexes of the mature leaves in the three Bt treatments were much lower than that of the blank control, and percentages of damaged leaves were not different between the Bt treatments and the blank control. Compared with B. bassiana, Bt pesticides exhibited quick pest control and more stable efficiency in face of environmental stress. Based on the above results, we recommend using Bt B and Bt C instead of diflubenzuron to control lepidopteran pests of the litchi fall shoots with proper concentrations and timing.
The control efficiency of three Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis) pesticides and one Beauveria bassiana against lepidopteran pests occurring on litchi fall shoots was evaluated, with 20% of diflubenzuron diluted to 1500 times as a chemical pesticide control and water as a blank control. Our results showed that spraying of Bt B diluted at 2000 and 1500, and Bt C diluted at 1000 times exhibited higher control efficiency in comparison with other biopesticide treatments. Three days after spraying, the pest population was reduced by 77.98%, 69.45% and 59.32% by the three Bt treatments, respectively, which contrasted to the 50.58% control efficiency in the chemical pesticide control. At 7 days after spraying, the pest population was decreased by 86.87%, 78.67% and 79.58% with the three Bt treatments, which were not significantly different from that in the chemical pesticide control(91.82%). The damage indexes of the mature leaves in the three Bt treatments were much lower than that of the blank control, and percentages of damaged leaves were not different between the Bt treatments and the blank control. Compared with B. bassiana, Bt pesticides exhibited quick pest control and more stable efficiency in face of environmental stress. Based on the above results, we recommend using Bt B and Bt C instead of diflubenzuron to control lepidopteran pests of the litchi fall shoots with proper concentrations and timing.
引文
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[11]Meyers J M,Stephen F M,Haavik L J,et al.Laboratory and field bioassays on the effects of Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin(Hypocreales:Cordycipitaceae)on red oak borer,Enaphalodes rufulus(Haldeman)(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)[J].Biological Control,2013,65(2):258-264.
[12]Romero G R,Jurado I G,Delso C,et al.Transient endophytic colonizations of plants improve the outcome of foliar applications of mycoinsecticides against chewing insects[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2016,136(3):23-31.
[13]李增智.我国利用真菌防治害虫的历史、进展及现状[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):699-711.
[14]毛刚,赵宇,徐文静,等.白僵菌与苏云金芽胞杆菌水悬浮剂研制及田间防治玉米螟研究[J].玉米科学,2018,26(5):157-161.
[15]农业部农药检定所生测室.农药田间药效试验准则[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[16]Mazid S,Kalita J C,Rajkhowa R C.A review on the use of biopesticides in insect pest management[J].International Journal of Advanced Technology,2011,1(7):169-178.
[17]Fargues J,Cugier J P,Van de Weghe P.Expérimentation en parcelles du champignon Beauveria bassiana(Hyphomycete)contre Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Col.,Chrysomelidae)[J].Acta Oecologica Oecologia Applicata,1980(1):49-61.
[18]Jaronski S T.Ecological factors in the inundative use of fungal entomopathogens[J].Bio Control,2010,55(1):159-185.
[19]Romeis J,Meissle M,Bigler F.Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control[J].Nature Biotechnology,2006,24(1):63.
[20]Wraight S P,Ramos M E.Characterization of the synergistic interaction between Beauveria bassiana strain GHA and Bacillus thuringiensis morrisoni strain tenebrionis applied against Colorado potato beetle larvae[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2017,144(1):47-57.
[21]Fargues J,Goettel M S,Smits N,et al.Effect of temperature on vegetative growth of Beauveria bassiana isolates from different origins[J].Mycologia,1997,89(3):383-392.
[22]李超峰.不同添加物对苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫活性的增效作用研究进展[J].生物技术进展,2018,8(2):103-111.
[23]曹伟平,宋健,赵建江,等.球孢白僵菌与11种新型化学杀菌剂的相容性评价[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(6):749-755.
[24]段玉林,羌松,郭文超,等.白僵菌NDBJJ-BFG菌株及其与吡虫啉混用对马铃薯甲虫的防治效果[J].新疆农业大学学报,2017,40(2):117-123.
[2]刘志诚,李敦松,刘建峰.荔枝、龙眼病虫害防治图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[3]邓春生,张燕荣,张曼曼,等.球孢白僵菌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯甲虫的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2012,28(1):62-66.
[4]李怡萍,梁革梅,仵均祥,等.苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫机理及害虫对其抗性机制的研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(9):118-127.
[5]曹春梅,刘在松,陈军,等.苏云金杆菌等4种生物杀虫剂对柑橘凤蝶幼虫的田间防治试验[J].广西植保,2017,4:49-50.
[6]巩鹏涛,吴仲琦,周燕,等.苏云金芽孢杆菌——神奇细菌的百年传奇[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2018,37(4):1531-1538.
[7]白成,刘丽平,鄢小宁,等.苏云金芽孢杆菌的概况及其研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2012,32(8):33-38.
[8]Wang S H,Kain W,Wang P.Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins exert toxicity by multiple pathways in insects[J].Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2018,102(11):59-66.
[9]曹伟平,宋健,甄伟,等.球孢白僵菌生物学特性与其对不同昆虫侵染差异相关性分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(4):503-508.
[10]孟祥坤,朱超,于新,等.高毒力白僵菌的筛选及对花生甜菜夜蛾的致病力[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(2):259-265.
[11]Meyers J M,Stephen F M,Haavik L J,et al.Laboratory and field bioassays on the effects of Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin(Hypocreales:Cordycipitaceae)on red oak borer,Enaphalodes rufulus(Haldeman)(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)[J].Biological Control,2013,65(2):258-264.
[12]Romero G R,Jurado I G,Delso C,et al.Transient endophytic colonizations of plants improve the outcome of foliar applications of mycoinsecticides against chewing insects[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2016,136(3):23-31.
[13]李增智.我国利用真菌防治害虫的历史、进展及现状[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):699-711.
[14]毛刚,赵宇,徐文静,等.白僵菌与苏云金芽胞杆菌水悬浮剂研制及田间防治玉米螟研究[J].玉米科学,2018,26(5):157-161.
[15]农业部农药检定所生测室.农药田间药效试验准则[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[16]Mazid S,Kalita J C,Rajkhowa R C.A review on the use of biopesticides in insect pest management[J].International Journal of Advanced Technology,2011,1(7):169-178.
[17]Fargues J,Cugier J P,Van de Weghe P.Expérimentation en parcelles du champignon Beauveria bassiana(Hyphomycete)contre Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Col.,Chrysomelidae)[J].Acta Oecologica Oecologia Applicata,1980(1):49-61.
[18]Jaronski S T.Ecological factors in the inundative use of fungal entomopathogens[J].Bio Control,2010,55(1):159-185.
[19]Romeis J,Meissle M,Bigler F.Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control[J].Nature Biotechnology,2006,24(1):63.
[20]Wraight S P,Ramos M E.Characterization of the synergistic interaction between Beauveria bassiana strain GHA and Bacillus thuringiensis morrisoni strain tenebrionis applied against Colorado potato beetle larvae[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2017,144(1):47-57.
[21]Fargues J,Goettel M S,Smits N,et al.Effect of temperature on vegetative growth of Beauveria bassiana isolates from different origins[J].Mycologia,1997,89(3):383-392.
[22]李超峰.不同添加物对苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫活性的增效作用研究进展[J].生物技术进展,2018,8(2):103-111.
[23]曹伟平,宋健,赵建江,等.球孢白僵菌与11种新型化学杀菌剂的相容性评价[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(6):749-755.
[24]段玉林,羌松,郭文超,等.白僵菌NDBJJ-BFG菌株及其与吡虫啉混用对马铃薯甲虫的防治效果[J].新疆农业大学学报,2017,40(2):117-123.