山东滕州前掌大墓地部分青铜器制作技术的初步考察
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摘要
通过青铜器遗留工艺痕迹观察,结合前人关于商周青铜器铸造技术的研究成果,对山东滕州前掌大墓地出土的19件青铜器制作技术进行了初步探讨。结果表明,该19件青铜器延续使用了商晚期广泛使用的浑铸工艺。为了定位、控制壁厚和增加强度,部分器物使用了盲芯、金属垫片、加强筋辅助工艺,其中盲芯技术已趋于成熟,但其在前掌大墓地铜器铸造中还未成为一种普遍采用的技术规范。
Based on the examination of casting details on bronze-ware in the process of conservation and the achievement of casting technology research of Shang and Zhou bronze,the casting techniques of 19 bronzes unearthed from Qian Zhangda cemetery was preliminary investigated.The results show that the 19 pieces of bronzes are used in the late Shang dynasty.In order to locate and control the wall thickness and increase the strength,blind core,metal gasket and reinforcing ribs are used for some of the objects,the blind core technology has become mature.However,it has not become a common technical standard in the bronze casting of Qian Zhangda cemetery.
Based on the examination of casting details on bronze-ware in the process of conservation and the achievement of casting technology research of Shang and Zhou bronze,the casting techniques of 19 bronzes unearthed from Qian Zhangda cemetery was preliminary investigated.The results show that the 19 pieces of bronzes are used in the late Shang dynasty.In order to locate and control the wall thickness and increase the strength,blind core,metal gasket and reinforcing ribs are used for some of the objects,the blind core technology has become mature.However,it has not become a common technical standard in the bronze casting of Qian Zhangda cemetery.
引文
[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所.滕州前掌大墓地[M].北京:文物出版社,2005.
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[3]李永迪,岳占伟,刘煜.从孝民屯东南地出土陶范谈对殷墟青铜器的几点新认识[J].考古,2007(3):52-63.
[4]N.Barnard,Wan Chia-Pao,Ho Shih-k’un.The Casting of Inscriptions in Chinese Bronzes:With Particular Reference to Those with Relievo Guide-lines[M].Soochow University,1976.
[5]苏荣誉,华觉明,李克敏,等.中国上古金属技术[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1995.
[6]岳占伟,岳洪彬,刘煜.殷墟青铜器铭文的制作方法[J].中原文物,2012(4):62-68.
[7]胡家喜,李桃元,李秀辉,等.盘龙城遗址出土青铜器铸造工艺的探究//湖北省文物考古研究所.盘龙城:1963~1994年考古发掘报告[C].北京,文物出版社,2001,576-598.
[8]刘煜.殷墟青铜器制作工艺的技术演化//中国社会科学院考古研究所编著.21世纪中国考古学与世界考古学[C].北京,中国社会科学出版社,2002,613-631.
[9]周建勋.商周青铜器铸造工艺的若干讨论[A]//苏天钧主编.北京考集成11[M].北京:北京出版社,2000.
[10]万家保,李济.殷墟出土青铜觚形器之研究[M].台北:历史语言研究所,1964.
[11]Gettens R J,The Freer Chinese Bronzes-Technical Studies[M].Washington:Smithsonian Institution,1969.70-74.
[12]张懋镕,张静,梁彦民.商周青铜容器底部刻划初探[J].中原文物.2002(2):42-45.
[2]何景成.商代史族研究[J].华夏考古,2007(2):102-104.
[3]李永迪,岳占伟,刘煜.从孝民屯东南地出土陶范谈对殷墟青铜器的几点新认识[J].考古,2007(3):52-63.
[4]N.Barnard,Wan Chia-Pao,Ho Shih-k’un.The Casting of Inscriptions in Chinese Bronzes:With Particular Reference to Those with Relievo Guide-lines[M].Soochow University,1976.
[5]苏荣誉,华觉明,李克敏,等.中国上古金属技术[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1995.
[6]岳占伟,岳洪彬,刘煜.殷墟青铜器铭文的制作方法[J].中原文物,2012(4):62-68.
[7]胡家喜,李桃元,李秀辉,等.盘龙城遗址出土青铜器铸造工艺的探究//湖北省文物考古研究所.盘龙城:1963~1994年考古发掘报告[C].北京,文物出版社,2001,576-598.
[8]刘煜.殷墟青铜器制作工艺的技术演化//中国社会科学院考古研究所编著.21世纪中国考古学与世界考古学[C].北京,中国社会科学出版社,2002,613-631.
[9]周建勋.商周青铜器铸造工艺的若干讨论[A]//苏天钧主编.北京考集成11[M].北京:北京出版社,2000.
[10]万家保,李济.殷墟出土青铜觚形器之研究[M].台北:历史语言研究所,1964.
[11]Gettens R J,The Freer Chinese Bronzes-Technical Studies[M].Washington:Smithsonian Institution,1969.70-74.
[12]张懋镕,张静,梁彦民.商周青铜容器底部刻划初探[J].中原文物.2002(2):42-45.