专名与描述语的语言哲学考察和语用选择
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摘要
研究专名的指称问题需要从语言哲学和语用学两个角度考察。专名指称理论经历了从语言哲学向语用学的演化,专名既有指称又有涵义,专名具体指称对象的确定离不开具体的语境;描述语也具有指称作用,个体对象的专名与相应的描述语是一对多与一对一的关系。在其使用过程中,专名和描述语的语用选择受使用者双方交际意图、共有知识等语境因素的影响。
To investigate the meaning and the reference of proper names from the perspectives of philosophy of language and pragmatics is of great significance in terms of the research of proper names. Based on the investigation in the evolutionary process of the theory of reference,the present paper points out that both proper names and descriptions are used for the identification of entities,and the realization of referring is defined by real context. In addition to reference,proper names and descriptions have their own pragmatic functions,which are pragmatically determined by or based on shared knowledge and mutual communicative intentions of the interlocutors.
To investigate the meaning and the reference of proper names from the perspectives of philosophy of language and pragmatics is of great significance in terms of the research of proper names. Based on the investigation in the evolutionary process of the theory of reference,the present paper points out that both proper names and descriptions are used for the identification of entities,and the realization of referring is defined by real context. In addition to reference,proper names and descriptions have their own pragmatic functions,which are pragmatically determined by or based on shared knowledge and mutual communicative intentions of the interlocutors.
引文
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[13]崔凤娟.指称理论:从确定性向相对性的发展与演变[J].外语学刊,2014(4):1-5.
[14]邓丽娜.英文指称理论的语用化演变[J].华中师范大学研究生学报,2008(2):82-84.
[15]董英英.罗素与斯特劳森指称理论之比较[J].长春理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013(3):63-64.
[16]方传余.专名与描述语的语用选择[J].山东外语教学,2006(2):57-62.
[17]王闰吉.论专名界定的理论渊源与方法[J].丽水学院学报,2009(6):53-57.
[18]维特根斯坦.哲学研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[19]俞东明.意义和所指的哲学语义与语用研究[J].外语与外语教学,2000(2):4-12.
[20]张漫佳,梁瑞清.专名问题的语言哲学/语用学考察[J].浙江外国语学院学报,2015(4):15-21.
[2]Kripke,S.Naming and Necessity[M].Harvard University Press,1980.
[3]Leech,G.Principles of Pragmatics[M].London:Longman,1983.
[4]Levinson,S.Pragmatics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983.
[5]Lyons,J.Semantics(Vol.Ⅱ)[M].London:Cambridge,1977.
[6]Mill,J.S.A System of Logic(8thed.)[M].London:Longmans Green,1941.
[7]Strawson,P.F.Particular and general[J].Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,1953:233-260.
[8]Russell,B.Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy[M].London:George Allen and Unwin Ltd.,1919.
[9]Sperber,D.and D.Wilson.Relevance:Cognition and Communication[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1986.
[10]Yule,G.Pragmatics[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.
[11]白解红.语境与语用研究[J].湖南师范大学(社会科学版),2000(3):88-92.
[12]陈嘉映.语言哲学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[13]崔凤娟.指称理论:从确定性向相对性的发展与演变[J].外语学刊,2014(4):1-5.
[14]邓丽娜.英文指称理论的语用化演变[J].华中师范大学研究生学报,2008(2):82-84.
[15]董英英.罗素与斯特劳森指称理论之比较[J].长春理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013(3):63-64.
[16]方传余.专名与描述语的语用选择[J].山东外语教学,2006(2):57-62.
[17]王闰吉.论专名界定的理论渊源与方法[J].丽水学院学报,2009(6):53-57.
[18]维特根斯坦.哲学研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[19]俞东明.意义和所指的哲学语义与语用研究[J].外语与外语教学,2000(2):4-12.
[20]张漫佳,梁瑞清.专名问题的语言哲学/语用学考察[J].浙江外国语学院学报,2015(4):15-21.