饲粮中添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊营养物质消化利用的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在比较在饲粮中添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊营养物质表观消化率、氮和能量代谢的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选取体重约32 kg的杜寒杂交F1代肉羊160只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只。对照组采用不添加任何生物制剂的基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加21 mg/kg莫能菌素、4×10~9CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌、3.2×10~9CFU/kg酿酒酵母菌、1.1 g/kg酶菌制剂(包含地衣芽孢杆菌≥6×10~9CFU/g、酿酒酵母菌≥4×10~9CFU/g、碱性蛋白酶≥1 000 U/g)。预试期10 d,正试期56 d。当酶菌制剂组试验羊体重约达37 kg时,每组选取4只羊进行消化代谢试验,预试期7 d,正试期5 d。结果表明:1)各试验组干物质表观消化率、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),酶菌制剂组干物质表观消化率、有机物表观消化率最高,显著高于莫能菌素组和地衣芽孢杆菌组(P<0.05)。2)各试验组总能表观消化率、总能代谢率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)各试验组氮表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),酶菌制剂组表观可消化氮、氮表观消化率显著高于对照组、莫能菌素组、地衣芽孢杆菌组(P<0.05)。结果提示,从作为饲料添加剂对杜寒杂交肉羊营养物质消化利用、能量代谢和氮代谢的作用效果分析,地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌和酶菌制剂均优于莫能菌素,酶菌制剂最佳。
This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of different biological agents on nutrient apparent digestibility,nitrogen and energy metabolism of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred mutton sheep. One hundred and sixty Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred F_1 mutton lambs( weighted about 32 kg) were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 8 mutton lambs per replicate according to a single factor experimental design. Control group used a basal diet,21 mg/kg monensin,4 ×10~9 CFU/kg Bacillus licheniformis,3.2×10~9 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 1.1 g/kg enzyme-bacteria agent( Bacillus licheniformis≥6×10~9 CFU/g,Saccharomyces cerevisiae≥4×10~9 CFU/g and alkaline proteinase≥1 000 U/g) were supplemented in experimental groups. The pretest lasted for 10 d,and the test lasted for56 d. Four lambs in each group were selected for a digestion and metabolism trial after the lambs in enzymebacteria agent group reached about 37 kg of body weight. The digestion and metabolism trial included 7 d of adaptation period and 5 d of trial period. The results showed as follows: 1) apparent digestibility of dry matter and acid detergent fiber in enzyme-bacteria agent group was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05),apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in enzyme-bacteria agent group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in monensin group and Bacillus licheniformis group( P<0.05). 2) Apparent digestibility of gross energy,metabolizability of gross energy in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group( P<0.05). 3) Apparent digestibility of nitrogen in experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05); apparent digestible nitrogen and apparent digestibility of nitrogen in enzyme-bacteria agent group were significantly higher than those in control group,monensin group and Bacillus licheniformis group( P<0.05). In conclusion,in terms of nutrient digestion and utilization,and energy and nitrogen metabolism in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred mutton lambs,Bacillus licheniformis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enzyme-bacteria agents are better than monensin,and enzyme-bacteria agent has the best effect.
This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of different biological agents on nutrient apparent digestibility,nitrogen and energy metabolism of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred mutton sheep. One hundred and sixty Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred F_1 mutton lambs( weighted about 32 kg) were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 8 mutton lambs per replicate according to a single factor experimental design. Control group used a basal diet,21 mg/kg monensin,4 ×10~9 CFU/kg Bacillus licheniformis,3.2×10~9 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 1.1 g/kg enzyme-bacteria agent( Bacillus licheniformis≥6×10~9 CFU/g,Saccharomyces cerevisiae≥4×10~9 CFU/g and alkaline proteinase≥1 000 U/g) were supplemented in experimental groups. The pretest lasted for 10 d,and the test lasted for56 d. Four lambs in each group were selected for a digestion and metabolism trial after the lambs in enzymebacteria agent group reached about 37 kg of body weight. The digestion and metabolism trial included 7 d of adaptation period and 5 d of trial period. The results showed as follows: 1) apparent digestibility of dry matter and acid detergent fiber in enzyme-bacteria agent group was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05),apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in enzyme-bacteria agent group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in monensin group and Bacillus licheniformis group( P<0.05). 2) Apparent digestibility of gross energy,metabolizability of gross energy in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group( P<0.05). 3) Apparent digestibility of nitrogen in experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.05); apparent digestible nitrogen and apparent digestibility of nitrogen in enzyme-bacteria agent group were significantly higher than those in control group,monensin group and Bacillus licheniformis group( P<0.05). In conclusion,in terms of nutrient digestion and utilization,and energy and nitrogen metabolism in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred mutton lambs,Bacillus licheniformis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enzyme-bacteria agents are better than monensin,and enzyme-bacteria agent has the best effect.
引文
[1]林谦,戴求仲,宾石玉,等.饲粮添加益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响及相关机理[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(10):1955-1965.
[2]宁豫昌,陈忠杰,郭宏伟,等.莫能菌素的应用现状[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2007,27(3):21-24.
[3]张晓庆,那日苏.莫能菌素在动物生产中的应用[J].饲料工业,2006,27(4):15-17.
[4]万凡,马涛,杨开伦,等.微生态制剂在肉羊营养与饲粮中的应用[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(9):71-75.
[5]罗建杰.日粮添加不同益生菌对肉仔鸡益生作用分子机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[6]邝哲师,田兴山,张玲华,等.芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪体内消化酶活性的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(6):17-18.
[7]周小辉,戴晋军,王绍辉,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂作用机理及应用效果浅析[J].饲料与畜牧,2008(5):61-62.
[8]燕红,杨谦.蜡样芽孢杆菌对稻草的降解作用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(8):1242-1246.
[9]董尚智,王国霞,陈远凤,等.饲用地衣芽孢杆菌的生物学特性研究[J].饲料研究,2009(7):14-18.
[10]华均超,张邦辉.微生态制剂对仔猪肠道微生态调控的研究与应用进展[J].中国饲料,2011(3):19-22.
[11]MIRZAEI-ALAMOUTI H,MORADI S,SHAHALIZADEH Z,e t al.Both monensin and plant extract alter ruminal fermentation in sheep but only monensin affects the expression of genes involved in acid-base transport of the ruminal epithelium[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2016,219:132-143.
[12]MA T,DENG K D,TU Y,et al.Effect of dietary concentrate:forage ratios and undegraded dietary protein on nitrogen balance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(2):161-168.
[13]MA T,DENG K D,TU Y,et al.Effect of feed intake on metabolizable protein supply in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,132:133-136.
[14]DENG K D,DIAO Q Y,JIANG C G,e t al.Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred ram lambs[J].Livestock Science,2012,150(1/2/3):102-110.
[15]邓凯东.育肥绵羊的能量和蛋白质需要量研究[R].博士后研究工作报告.北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[16]XU G S,MA T,JI S K,et al.Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of early-weaned Dorper crossbred male lambs[J].Livestock Science,2015,177:71-78.
[17]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of AOAC international[S].17th ed.Gaithersburg:AOAC International,2000.
[18]ADEOLA O.Digestion and balance techniques in pigs[M]//LEWIS A J,SOUTHERN L L.Swine nutrition.2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:CRC Press,2000:906.
[19]DENG K D,JIANG C G,TU Y,et al.Energy requirements of Dorper crossbred ewe lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(5):2161-2169.
[20]李胜利,金鑫,范学珊,等.反刍动物生产与碳减排措施[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):2-9.
[21]GIANG H H,VIET T Q,OGLE B,et al.Growth performance,digestibility,g ut environment and health status in weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with potentially probiotic complexes of lactic acid bacteria[J].Livestock Science,2010,129(1/2/3):95-103.
[22]李忠玲,杜忍让,武和平,等.复合酶制剂对陕北绒山羊增重效果的研究[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2014,33(6):4-7.
[23]贾鹏,万凡,马涛,等.饲粮中添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(12):4621-4631.
[24]许贵善,刁其玉,纪守坤,等.不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊能量与蛋白质消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(17):40-44.
[25]TAKAHASHI S,SHIBATA M,GOTOH J,et al.Astroglial cell death induced by excessive influx of sodium ions[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2000,408(2):127-135.
[26]ARAU'JO J D S.Evaluation of the ionophore sodium monensin in intake,digestibility,weight gain and ruminal pH in sheep[D].Master’s Thesis.Brazil:Universidade Federal de Lavras,2005.
[27]肖怡.三种益生菌对肉羊甲烷排放、物质代谢和瘤胃发酵的影响[D].硕士学位论文.阿尔拉:塔里木大学,2016.
[28]肖怡,陶大勇,赵明明,等.地衣芽孢杆菌对肉羊甲烷排放及消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(2):515-523.
[29]楼灿,姜成钢,马涛,等.饲养水平对肉用绵羊妊娠期消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,201426(1):134-143.
[30]计成.动物营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:93-97.
[31]郑琛.不同处理饲粮及不同组合全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃内环境和养分消化代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2004.
[32]符运勤.地衣芽孢杆菌及其复合菌对后备牛生长性能和瘤胃内环境的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[33]韩金涛.短期和长期添加莫能菌素对山羊甲烷产量和瘤胃发酵参数的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[34]刘虎传,张敏红,冯京海,等.益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1124-1131.
[35]李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.
[36]杨洋.有机酸和瘤胃素组合对SARA奶山羊瘤胃发酵和细菌的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[37]刘薇,文奇男,杨运玲,等.肉牛料中添加莫能菌素的意义及其应用价值[J].饲料工业,2013,34(23):62-64.
[38]万凡,马涛,马晨,等.不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉用绵羊生产和屠宰性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3483-3492.
[39]万凡,马涛,马晨,等.不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉羊营养物质消化利用的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3819-3827.
[2]宁豫昌,陈忠杰,郭宏伟,等.莫能菌素的应用现状[J].郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2007,27(3):21-24.
[3]张晓庆,那日苏.莫能菌素在动物生产中的应用[J].饲料工业,2006,27(4):15-17.
[4]万凡,马涛,杨开伦,等.微生态制剂在肉羊营养与饲粮中的应用[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(9):71-75.
[5]罗建杰.日粮添加不同益生菌对肉仔鸡益生作用分子机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[6]邝哲师,田兴山,张玲华,等.芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪体内消化酶活性的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(6):17-18.
[7]周小辉,戴晋军,王绍辉,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂作用机理及应用效果浅析[J].饲料与畜牧,2008(5):61-62.
[8]燕红,杨谦.蜡样芽孢杆菌对稻草的降解作用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(8):1242-1246.
[9]董尚智,王国霞,陈远凤,等.饲用地衣芽孢杆菌的生物学特性研究[J].饲料研究,2009(7):14-18.
[10]华均超,张邦辉.微生态制剂对仔猪肠道微生态调控的研究与应用进展[J].中国饲料,2011(3):19-22.
[11]MIRZAEI-ALAMOUTI H,MORADI S,SHAHALIZADEH Z,e t al.Both monensin and plant extract alter ruminal fermentation in sheep but only monensin affects the expression of genes involved in acid-base transport of the ruminal epithelium[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2016,219:132-143.
[12]MA T,DENG K D,TU Y,et al.Effect of dietary concentrate:forage ratios and undegraded dietary protein on nitrogen balance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(2):161-168.
[13]MA T,DENG K D,TU Y,et al.Effect of feed intake on metabolizable protein supply in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,132:133-136.
[14]DENG K D,DIAO Q Y,JIANG C G,e t al.Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred ram lambs[J].Livestock Science,2012,150(1/2/3):102-110.
[15]邓凯东.育肥绵羊的能量和蛋白质需要量研究[R].博士后研究工作报告.北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[16]XU G S,MA T,JI S K,et al.Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of early-weaned Dorper crossbred male lambs[J].Livestock Science,2015,177:71-78.
[17]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of AOAC international[S].17th ed.Gaithersburg:AOAC International,2000.
[18]ADEOLA O.Digestion and balance techniques in pigs[M]//LEWIS A J,SOUTHERN L L.Swine nutrition.2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:CRC Press,2000:906.
[19]DENG K D,JIANG C G,TU Y,et al.Energy requirements of Dorper crossbred ewe lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(5):2161-2169.
[20]李胜利,金鑫,范学珊,等.反刍动物生产与碳减排措施[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):2-9.
[21]GIANG H H,VIET T Q,OGLE B,et al.Growth performance,digestibility,g ut environment and health status in weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with potentially probiotic complexes of lactic acid bacteria[J].Livestock Science,2010,129(1/2/3):95-103.
[22]李忠玲,杜忍让,武和平,等.复合酶制剂对陕北绒山羊增重效果的研究[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2014,33(6):4-7.
[23]贾鹏,万凡,马涛,等.饲粮中添加不同生物制剂对杜寒杂交肉羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(12):4621-4631.
[24]许贵善,刁其玉,纪守坤,等.不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊能量与蛋白质消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(17):40-44.
[25]TAKAHASHI S,SHIBATA M,GOTOH J,et al.Astroglial cell death induced by excessive influx of sodium ions[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2000,408(2):127-135.
[26]ARAU'JO J D S.Evaluation of the ionophore sodium monensin in intake,digestibility,weight gain and ruminal pH in sheep[D].Master’s Thesis.Brazil:Universidade Federal de Lavras,2005.
[27]肖怡.三种益生菌对肉羊甲烷排放、物质代谢和瘤胃发酵的影响[D].硕士学位论文.阿尔拉:塔里木大学,2016.
[28]肖怡,陶大勇,赵明明,等.地衣芽孢杆菌对肉羊甲烷排放及消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(2):515-523.
[29]楼灿,姜成钢,马涛,等.饲养水平对肉用绵羊妊娠期消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,201426(1):134-143.
[30]计成.动物营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:93-97.
[31]郑琛.不同处理饲粮及不同组合全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃内环境和养分消化代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2004.
[32]符运勤.地衣芽孢杆菌及其复合菌对后备牛生长性能和瘤胃内环境的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[33]韩金涛.短期和长期添加莫能菌素对山羊甲烷产量和瘤胃发酵参数的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[34]刘虎传,张敏红,冯京海,等.益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1124-1131.
[35]李可,罗建杰,孟昆,等.益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性状、免疫功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2903-2910.
[36]杨洋.有机酸和瘤胃素组合对SARA奶山羊瘤胃发酵和细菌的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[37]刘薇,文奇男,杨运玲,等.肉牛料中添加莫能菌素的意义及其应用价值[J].饲料工业,2013,34(23):62-64.
[38]万凡,马涛,马晨,等.不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉用绵羊生产和屠宰性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3483-3492.
[39]万凡,马涛,马晨,等.不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉羊营养物质消化利用的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3819-3827.