央地政府信任对城市居民环境风险感知的影响——基于多层线性模型(HLM)的分析
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摘要
基于微观的中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据及宏观的中国城市统计数据,运用多层线性回归模型,研究地区差异下中央政府信任和地方政府信任是否会影响城市居民对环境风险的感知。研究发现:在城乡之间,环境风险感知存在显著差异;政府信任与城市居民环境风险感知存在显著关系,但中央政府信任与地方政府信任的显著性不同;地区差异因素对政府信任,与环境风险感知的关系存在显著影响,但主要来自经济差异而非环境状况差异;无论中央政府信任还是地方政府信任,都与环境风险感知间存在着随机斜率影响。
Based on micro-level data from China General Social Survey( CGSS) and macro-level China urban statistics,this paper uses multi-layer linear regression model to study whether the trust in the central and local government trust will affect urban residents' environmental risk perception under regional differences. It is found that there is a significant difference in environmental risk perception between urban and rural areas; there is a significant relationship between trust in government and urban residents' environmental risk perception,but the trust in the central government is different from that in local government; regional differences especially economic differences rather than environmental conditions have significant impact on the relationship between the trust in government and environmental risk perception; there is a random slope effect between the trust in the central and environmental risk perception.
Based on micro-level data from China General Social Survey( CGSS) and macro-level China urban statistics,this paper uses multi-layer linear regression model to study whether the trust in the central and local government trust will affect urban residents' environmental risk perception under regional differences. It is found that there is a significant difference in environmental risk perception between urban and rural areas; there is a significant relationship between trust in government and urban residents' environmental risk perception,but the trust in the central government is different from that in local government; regional differences especially economic differences rather than environmental conditions have significant impact on the relationship between the trust in government and environmental risk perception; there is a random slope effect between the trust in the central and environmental risk perception.
引文
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[28]Bouckaert G,Walle S V D,Bouckaert P D G. Government Performance and Trust in Government[J]. General Information,2001,(1):1-21.
[2]张海燕,等.环境风险感知的心理测量范式研究述评[J].自然灾害学报,2010,(1):78-83.
[3]佘升翔,等.环境风险沟通的心理距离模型[J].系统工程,2012,(9):69-74.
[4] Laws M B,Yeh Y,Reisner E. Gender,Ethnicity and Environmental Risk Perception Revisited:The Importance of Residential Location[J]. Journal of Community Health,2015,40(5):948-955.
[5]邱鸿峰.环境风险的社会放大与政府传播:再认识厦门PX事件[J].新闻与传播研究,2013,(8):105-116.
[6]雷恩.跨文化的风险感知[M].北京:北京出版社,2007.
[7] Fischhoff B. Risk perception and communication unplugged:twenty years of process[J]. Risk Analysis,1995,15(2):137-145.
[8] Paul Slovic,et al. Risk as Analysis and Risk as Feelings:Some Thoughts about Affect,Reason,Risk,and Rationality[J]. Risk Analysis,2004,24(2):311–322.
[9] Carol A Wham,et al. Nutrition risk:cultural aspects of assessment[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2011,20(4):632-648.
[10]Slovic P,Fischhoff B,Lichtenstein S. Characterizing Perceived Risk[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,1985,(1).
[11]Sjoberg L. Factors in risk perception[J]. Risk Analysis,2000,20(1):1-12.
[12]Kasperson R E,Kasperson J X. The Social Amplification of Risk:A Conceptual Framework[J].Risk Analysis,1988,8(2):177-187.
[13]Mcdaniels T,Axelrod L J,Slovic P. Characterizing Perception of Ecological Risk[J]. Risk Analysis,1995,15(5):575-588.
[14]Stephen C. Whitfield,et al. Effects on risk perception of media coverage of a black bear-related human fatality[J]. Wildlife Society Bulletin,2005,33(2):507-516.
[15]Cohn L D,et al. Risk-perception:differences between adolescents and adults[J]. Health Psychology Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association,1995,14(3):217-238.
[16]Kellens W,Terpstra T,Maeyer P D. Perception and Communication of Flood Risks:A Systematic Review of Empirical Research[J]. Risk Analysis An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis,2013,33(1):24-49.
[17]Kenneth A. Lachlan,et al. Risk Perceptions,Race,and Hurricane Katrina[J]. Howard Journal of Communications,2009,20(3):295-309.
[18]Flynn J,Slovic P,Mertz C K. Gender,race,and perception of environmental health risks.[J].Risk Analysis,1994,14(6):1101-1108.
[19]Lai J C,Tao J. Perception of Environmental Hazards in Hong Kong Chinese[J]. Risk Analysis,2003,23(4):669–684.
[20]Gregory R,Mendelsohn R. Perceived risk,dread,and benefits[J]. Risk Analysis,1993,13(3):259-264.
[21]Rotter J B. Interpersonal Trust,Trustworthiness,and Gullibility[J]. American Psychologist,1980,35(1):1-7.
[22]安东尼·吉登斯.现代性的后果[M].南京:译林出版社,2000.
[23]Luhmann N. Trust and Power[M]. Chicester:John Wiley&Sons,1979.
[24]Slovic P. Perceived Risk,Trust,and Democracy[J]. Risk Analysis,1993,13(6):675-682.
[25]高学德,翟学伟.政府信任的城乡比较[J].社会学研究,2013,(2):1-27.
[26]李连江.差序政治信任[J].二十一世纪(香港),2012,(6):78-85.
[27]胡荣.农民上访与政治信任的流失[J].社会学研究,2007,(3):39-55.
[28]Bouckaert G,Walle S V D,Bouckaert P D G. Government Performance and Trust in Government[J]. General Information,2001,(1):1-21.