数字化情境下开放式创新对新创企业成长的影响:商业模式创新的中介作用
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摘要
开放式创新如何影响企业绩效?这是战略与创新管理领域的一个重要研究话题。基于动态能力理论,本研究考察了数字化情境下创新开放度与新创企业成长绩效的关系,以及商业模式创新扮演的中介角色。基于一个数字化新创企业的大样本数据,对所提假设进行了实证检验。结果表明,在数字化情境下,创新开放深度能够显著提升新创企业成长绩效,并且商业模式创新在两者之间起到中介作用。研究结论为"开放式创新与企业绩效"这一学术对话提供了新的见解,同时为商业模式创新研究做出了贡献。
How does open innovation impact firm performance? This is an important question in the field of strategy and innovation management. Drawing on dynamic capabilities perspective,this study examines the relationship between open innovation and the growth of startups,as well as the mediating effect of business model innovation under the context of China's digital economy. Using a sample of digital startups,this study finds that open depth,instead of open breadth,has a positive effect on the growth of startups. Furthermore,this effect is mediated by business model innovation. These findings advance researches in the field of open innovation and business model innovation.
How does open innovation impact firm performance? This is an important question in the field of strategy and innovation management. Drawing on dynamic capabilities perspective,this study examines the relationship between open innovation and the growth of startups,as well as the mediating effect of business model innovation under the context of China's digital economy. Using a sample of digital startups,this study finds that open depth,instead of open breadth,has a positive effect on the growth of startups. Furthermore,this effect is mediated by business model innovation. These findings advance researches in the field of open innovation and business model innovation.
引文
[1]Chesbrough H.Open Innovation[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2003
[2]Chen J.,Chen Y.,Vanhaverbeke W.The Influence of Scope,Depth,and Orientation of External Technology Sources on the Innovative Performance of Chinese Firms[J].Technovation,2011,31(8):362-373
[3]Hung K.P.,Chou C.The Impact of Open Innovation on Firm Performance:The Moderating Effects of Internal R&D and Environmental Turbulence[J].Technovation,2013,33(10-11):368-380
[4]Saebi T.,Foss N.J.Business Models for Open Innovation:Matching Heterogeneous Open Innovation Strategies with Business Model Dimensions[J].European Management Journal,2015,33(3):201-213
[5]Chiang Y.H.,Hung K.P.Exploring Open Search Strategies and Perceived Innovation Performance from the Perspective of Interorganizational Knowledge Flows[J].R&D Management,2010,40(3):292-299
[6]Laursen K.,Salter A.Open for Innovation:The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance Among UK Manufacturing Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):131-150
[7]Leiponen A.,Helfat C.E.Innovation Objectives,Knowledge Sources,and the Benefits of Breadth[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(2):224-236
[8]郭尉.创新开放度对企业创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].科研管理,2016,37(10):43-50
[9]马文甲,高良谋.开放度与创新绩效的关系研究---动态能力的调节作用[J].科研管理,2016,37(2):47-54
[10]Love J.H.,Roper S.,Vahter P.Learning from Openness:The Dynamics of Breadth in External Innovation Linkages[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,35(11):1703-1716
[11]West J.,Salter A.,Vanhaverbeke W.,et al.Open Innovation:The Next Decade[J].Research Policy,2014,33(5):805-811
[12]Ferreras-Méndez J.L.,Newell S.,Fernández-Mesa A.,et al.Depth and Breadth of External Knowledge Search and Performance:The Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacity[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2015,47:86-97
[13]Chesbrough H.,Rosenbloom R.S.The Role of the Business Model in Capturing Value from Innovation:Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s Technology Spin-off Companies[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(3):529-555
[14]Chesbrough H.Business Model Innovation:Opportunities and Barriers[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):354-363
[15]Teece D.J.Business Models,Business Strategy and Innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):172-194
[16]Nambisan S.Digital Entrepreneurship:Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2017,41(6):1029-1055
[17]Karimi J.,Walter Z.Corporate Entrepreneurship,Disruptive Business Model Innovation Adoption,and its Performance:The Case of the Newspaper Industry[J].Long Range Planning,2016,49(3):342-360
[18]Sorescu A.Data-driven Business Model Innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2017,34(5):691-696
[19]Salge T.O.,Farchi T.,Barrett M.I.,et al.When does Search Openness Really Matter?A Contingency Study of Health-care Innovation Projects[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2013,30(4):659-676
[20]Zobel A.K.Benefiting from Open Innovation:A Multidimensional Model of Absorptive Capacity[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2017,34(3):269-288
[21]陈钰芬,陈劲.开放度对企业技术创新绩效的影响[J].科学学研究,2008,26(2):419-426
[22]Garriga H.,Von Krogh G.,Spaeth S.How Constraints and Knowledge Impact Open Innovation[J].Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(9):1134-1144
[23]赵凤,王铁男,王宇.开放式创新中的外部技术获取与产品多元化:动态能力的调节作用研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(6):78-87
[24]West J.,Bogers M.Leveraging External Sources of Innovation:A Review of Research on Open Innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31(4):814-831
[25]Cruz-González J.,López-Sáez P.,Navas-López J.E.,et al.Open Search Strategies and Firm Performance:The Different Moderating Role of Technological Environmental Dynamism[J].Technovation,2015,35:32-45
[26]George G.,Bock A.J.The Business Model in Practice and its Implications for Entrepreneurship Research[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(1):83-111
[27]Zott C.,Amit R.,Massa L.The Business Model:Recent Developments and Future Research[J].Journal of Management,2011,37(4):1019-1042
[28]Da Silva C.M.,Trkman P.,Desouza K.,Lindic J.Disruptive Technologies:A Business Model Perspective on Cloud Computing.Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2013,25(10):1161-1173
[29]吴晓波,朱培忠,吴东,等.后发者如何实现快速追赶?---一个二次商业模式创新和技术创新的共演模型[J].科学学研究,2013,31(11):1726-1735
[30]魏泽龙,宋茜,权一鸣.开放学习与商业模式创新:竞争环境的调节作用[J].管理评论,2017,29(12):29-40
[31]Eisenhardt K.M.,Martin J.A.Dynamic Capabilities:What Are They?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10-11):1105-1121
[32]Girod S.J.G.,Whittington R.Reconfiguration,Restructuring and Firm Performance:Dynamic Capabilities and Environmental Dynamism[J].Strategic Management Journal,2017,38(5):1121-1133
[33]Teece D.J.Explicating Dynamic Capabilities:The Nature and Microfoundations of(Sustainable)Enterprise Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(13):1319-1350
[34]Teece D.J.,Pisano G.,Shuen A.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):509-533
[35]Helfat C.E.,Winter S.G.Untangling Dynamic and Operational Capabilities:Strategy for the(N)ever-changing World[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(11):1243-1250
[36]Teece D.J.Business Models and Dynamic Capabilities[J].Long Range Planning,2018,51(1):40-49
[37]王重鸣,吴挺.互联网情境下的创业研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016,46(1),131-141
[38]赵振.“互联网+”跨界经营:创造性破坏视角[J].中国工业经济,2015,(10):146-160
[39]Drnevich P.L.,Kriauciunas A.P.Clarifying the Conditions and Limits of the Contributions of Ordinary and Dynamic Capabilities to Relative Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(3):254-279
[40]Teece D.J.Dynamic Capabilities:Routines versus Entrepreneurial Action[J].Journal of Management Studies,2012,49(8):1395-1401
[41]Zahra S.A.,Sapienza H.J.,Davidsson P.Entrepreneurship and Dynamic Capabilities:A Review,Model and Research Agenda[J].Journal of Management Studies,2006,43(4):917-955
[42]Clauss T.Measuring Business Model Innovation:Conceptualization,Scale Development,and Proof of Performance[J].R&DManagement,2017,47(3):385-403
[43]Johnson M.W.,Christensen C.M.,Kagermann H.Reinventing Your Business Model[J].Harvard Business Review,2008,86(12):57-68
[44]Baden-Fuller C.,Haefliger S.Business Models and Technological Innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2013,46(6):419-426
[45]Zott C.,Amit R.Business Model Design and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms[J].Organization Science,2007,18(2):181-199
[46]Brinckmann J.,Salomo S.,Gemuenden H.G.Financial Management Competence of Founding Teams and Growth of New Technology-based Firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(2):217-243
[47]Sharfman M.P.,Dean J.W.Conceptualizing and Measuring the Organizational Environment:A Multidimensional Approach[J].Journal of Management,1991,17(4):681-700
[48]Dess G.G.,Beard D.W.Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1984,29(1):52-73
[49]Jaworski B.J.,Kohli A.K.Market Orientation:Antecedents and Consequences[J].The Journal of Marketing,1993,57(3):53-70
[50]Cronbach L.J.Test Validation.in:Thorndike R.L.(ed.),Educational Measurement[M].Washington,DC:American Council on Education,1971
[51]Fornell C.,Larcker D.F.Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1981,18(1):39-50
[52]Podsakoff P.M.,MacKenzie S.B.,Lee J.Y.,et al.Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903
[53]Aiken L.S.,West S.G.,Reno R.R.Multiple Regression:Testing and Interpreting Interactions[M].Newbury Park,CA:Sage,1991
[54]Neter J.,Wasserman W.,Kutner M.H.Applied Linear Statistical Models[M].Boston,MA:Irwin,1990
[55]Baron R.M.,Kenny D.A.The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research:Conceptual,Strategic,and Statistical Considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173-1182
[56]Preacher K.J.,Hayes A.F.Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models[J].Behavior Research Methods,2008,40(3):879-891
[57]Ries E.The Lean Startup:How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses[M].New York:Crown Books,2011
[58]Foss N.J.,Saebi T.Fifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation:How Far Have We Come,and Where Should We Go?[J].Journal of Management,2016,43(1):200-227
[2]Chen J.,Chen Y.,Vanhaverbeke W.The Influence of Scope,Depth,and Orientation of External Technology Sources on the Innovative Performance of Chinese Firms[J].Technovation,2011,31(8):362-373
[3]Hung K.P.,Chou C.The Impact of Open Innovation on Firm Performance:The Moderating Effects of Internal R&D and Environmental Turbulence[J].Technovation,2013,33(10-11):368-380
[4]Saebi T.,Foss N.J.Business Models for Open Innovation:Matching Heterogeneous Open Innovation Strategies with Business Model Dimensions[J].European Management Journal,2015,33(3):201-213
[5]Chiang Y.H.,Hung K.P.Exploring Open Search Strategies and Perceived Innovation Performance from the Perspective of Interorganizational Knowledge Flows[J].R&D Management,2010,40(3):292-299
[6]Laursen K.,Salter A.Open for Innovation:The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance Among UK Manufacturing Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):131-150
[7]Leiponen A.,Helfat C.E.Innovation Objectives,Knowledge Sources,and the Benefits of Breadth[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(2):224-236
[8]郭尉.创新开放度对企业创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].科研管理,2016,37(10):43-50
[9]马文甲,高良谋.开放度与创新绩效的关系研究---动态能力的调节作用[J].科研管理,2016,37(2):47-54
[10]Love J.H.,Roper S.,Vahter P.Learning from Openness:The Dynamics of Breadth in External Innovation Linkages[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,35(11):1703-1716
[11]West J.,Salter A.,Vanhaverbeke W.,et al.Open Innovation:The Next Decade[J].Research Policy,2014,33(5):805-811
[12]Ferreras-Méndez J.L.,Newell S.,Fernández-Mesa A.,et al.Depth and Breadth of External Knowledge Search and Performance:The Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacity[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2015,47:86-97
[13]Chesbrough H.,Rosenbloom R.S.The Role of the Business Model in Capturing Value from Innovation:Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s Technology Spin-off Companies[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(3):529-555
[14]Chesbrough H.Business Model Innovation:Opportunities and Barriers[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):354-363
[15]Teece D.J.Business Models,Business Strategy and Innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):172-194
[16]Nambisan S.Digital Entrepreneurship:Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2017,41(6):1029-1055
[17]Karimi J.,Walter Z.Corporate Entrepreneurship,Disruptive Business Model Innovation Adoption,and its Performance:The Case of the Newspaper Industry[J].Long Range Planning,2016,49(3):342-360
[18]Sorescu A.Data-driven Business Model Innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2017,34(5):691-696
[19]Salge T.O.,Farchi T.,Barrett M.I.,et al.When does Search Openness Really Matter?A Contingency Study of Health-care Innovation Projects[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2013,30(4):659-676
[20]Zobel A.K.Benefiting from Open Innovation:A Multidimensional Model of Absorptive Capacity[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2017,34(3):269-288
[21]陈钰芬,陈劲.开放度对企业技术创新绩效的影响[J].科学学研究,2008,26(2):419-426
[22]Garriga H.,Von Krogh G.,Spaeth S.How Constraints and Knowledge Impact Open Innovation[J].Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(9):1134-1144
[23]赵凤,王铁男,王宇.开放式创新中的外部技术获取与产品多元化:动态能力的调节作用研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(6):78-87
[24]West J.,Bogers M.Leveraging External Sources of Innovation:A Review of Research on Open Innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31(4):814-831
[25]Cruz-González J.,López-Sáez P.,Navas-López J.E.,et al.Open Search Strategies and Firm Performance:The Different Moderating Role of Technological Environmental Dynamism[J].Technovation,2015,35:32-45
[26]George G.,Bock A.J.The Business Model in Practice and its Implications for Entrepreneurship Research[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(1):83-111
[27]Zott C.,Amit R.,Massa L.The Business Model:Recent Developments and Future Research[J].Journal of Management,2011,37(4):1019-1042
[28]Da Silva C.M.,Trkman P.,Desouza K.,Lindic J.Disruptive Technologies:A Business Model Perspective on Cloud Computing.Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2013,25(10):1161-1173
[29]吴晓波,朱培忠,吴东,等.后发者如何实现快速追赶?---一个二次商业模式创新和技术创新的共演模型[J].科学学研究,2013,31(11):1726-1735
[30]魏泽龙,宋茜,权一鸣.开放学习与商业模式创新:竞争环境的调节作用[J].管理评论,2017,29(12):29-40
[31]Eisenhardt K.M.,Martin J.A.Dynamic Capabilities:What Are They?[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10-11):1105-1121
[32]Girod S.J.G.,Whittington R.Reconfiguration,Restructuring and Firm Performance:Dynamic Capabilities and Environmental Dynamism[J].Strategic Management Journal,2017,38(5):1121-1133
[33]Teece D.J.Explicating Dynamic Capabilities:The Nature and Microfoundations of(Sustainable)Enterprise Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(13):1319-1350
[34]Teece D.J.,Pisano G.,Shuen A.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):509-533
[35]Helfat C.E.,Winter S.G.Untangling Dynamic and Operational Capabilities:Strategy for the(N)ever-changing World[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(11):1243-1250
[36]Teece D.J.Business Models and Dynamic Capabilities[J].Long Range Planning,2018,51(1):40-49
[37]王重鸣,吴挺.互联网情境下的创业研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016,46(1),131-141
[38]赵振.“互联网+”跨界经营:创造性破坏视角[J].中国工业经济,2015,(10):146-160
[39]Drnevich P.L.,Kriauciunas A.P.Clarifying the Conditions and Limits of the Contributions of Ordinary and Dynamic Capabilities to Relative Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(3):254-279
[40]Teece D.J.Dynamic Capabilities:Routines versus Entrepreneurial Action[J].Journal of Management Studies,2012,49(8):1395-1401
[41]Zahra S.A.,Sapienza H.J.,Davidsson P.Entrepreneurship and Dynamic Capabilities:A Review,Model and Research Agenda[J].Journal of Management Studies,2006,43(4):917-955
[42]Clauss T.Measuring Business Model Innovation:Conceptualization,Scale Development,and Proof of Performance[J].R&DManagement,2017,47(3):385-403
[43]Johnson M.W.,Christensen C.M.,Kagermann H.Reinventing Your Business Model[J].Harvard Business Review,2008,86(12):57-68
[44]Baden-Fuller C.,Haefliger S.Business Models and Technological Innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2013,46(6):419-426
[45]Zott C.,Amit R.Business Model Design and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms[J].Organization Science,2007,18(2):181-199
[46]Brinckmann J.,Salomo S.,Gemuenden H.G.Financial Management Competence of Founding Teams and Growth of New Technology-based Firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(2):217-243
[47]Sharfman M.P.,Dean J.W.Conceptualizing and Measuring the Organizational Environment:A Multidimensional Approach[J].Journal of Management,1991,17(4):681-700
[48]Dess G.G.,Beard D.W.Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1984,29(1):52-73
[49]Jaworski B.J.,Kohli A.K.Market Orientation:Antecedents and Consequences[J].The Journal of Marketing,1993,57(3):53-70
[50]Cronbach L.J.Test Validation.in:Thorndike R.L.(ed.),Educational Measurement[M].Washington,DC:American Council on Education,1971
[51]Fornell C.,Larcker D.F.Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1981,18(1):39-50
[52]Podsakoff P.M.,MacKenzie S.B.,Lee J.Y.,et al.Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research:A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903
[53]Aiken L.S.,West S.G.,Reno R.R.Multiple Regression:Testing and Interpreting Interactions[M].Newbury Park,CA:Sage,1991
[54]Neter J.,Wasserman W.,Kutner M.H.Applied Linear Statistical Models[M].Boston,MA:Irwin,1990
[55]Baron R.M.,Kenny D.A.The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research:Conceptual,Strategic,and Statistical Considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173-1182
[56]Preacher K.J.,Hayes A.F.Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models[J].Behavior Research Methods,2008,40(3):879-891
[57]Ries E.The Lean Startup:How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses[M].New York:Crown Books,2011
[58]Foss N.J.,Saebi T.Fifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation:How Far Have We Come,and Where Should We Go?[J].Journal of Management,2016,43(1):200-227