柴达木盆地风沙地貌区风况特征
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摘要
利用自动气象观测仪所记录的1年风速数据,计算并分析了柴达木盆地风速、风向及输沙势等风况特征的时空变化。结果表明:该区风速最大值出现在春季,最小值出现在冬季,季节变化明显,且在空间上表现为自西北向东南递增的趋势;起沙风风向以NW、WNW为主,主风向和次风向的组合在空间分布上存在明显不同,风况与沙丘类型比较吻合;常年以稳定的西北气流为主,东南气流所占比重小,仅出现在夏季;柴达木盆地整体属于中风能环境,一年中风沙活动最强烈的季节为春季,风沙活动强度由西北向东南逐渐增强。
Based on the annual wind data collected from the three meteorological stations by field observation,the temporal and spatial variations of wind regime,include wind speed,wind direction and sand drift potential,were conducted and analyzed in this paper.The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the local wind speed,according to the maximum value in the spring and the minimum value in the winter,were obvious.The wind regime increased from northwest to southeast.Although the direction of the sand driving wind is mainly NW and WNW in the area,the combinations between the first wind direction and the second wind direction were significantly different.The northwest wind,with a high proportion,was more important and stable than the southeast wind which rarely occurred but summer.The wind energy environment was intermediate in the Qaidam Basin.Annually,the sand activities were fiercest in the spring.Furthermore,the intensity of sand activities was gradually increased toward the SE of the study area.
Based on the annual wind data collected from the three meteorological stations by field observation,the temporal and spatial variations of wind regime,include wind speed,wind direction and sand drift potential,were conducted and analyzed in this paper.The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the local wind speed,according to the maximum value in the spring and the minimum value in the winter,were obvious.The wind regime increased from northwest to southeast.Although the direction of the sand driving wind is mainly NW and WNW in the area,the combinations between the first wind direction and the second wind direction were significantly different.The northwest wind,with a high proportion,was more important and stable than the southeast wind which rarely occurred but summer.The wind energy environment was intermediate in the Qaidam Basin.Annually,the sand activities were fiercest in the spring.Furthermore,the intensity of sand activities was gradually increased toward the SE of the study area.
引文
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[20]张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国,等.输沙量与输沙势的关系[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):824-827.
[2]Rubin D,Hesp P.Multiple origins of linear dunes on Earth and Titan[J].Nature Geoscience,2009,2:653-658.
[3]Zhou J X,Zhu Y,et al.Origin and lateral migration of linear dunes in the Qaidam Basin of NW China revealed by dune sediments,internal structures,and optically stimulated luminescence ages,with implications for linear dunes on Titan[J].GSA Bulletin,2012,124(7/8):1147-1154.
[4]钟德才.柴达木盆地沙漠形成和演变的初步研究[C]//中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所集刊第3号.北京:科学出版社,1986:124-136.
[5]辛彦林.柴达木盆地盐湖中的风成砂[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(3):252-255.
[6]曾永年,冯兆东,曹广超.末次冰期以来柴达木盆地沙漠形成与演化[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):452-457.
[7]钱征宇,刘守勤.线形沙丘的风沙沉积特征与内部构造[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(3):25-30.
[8]鲍锋,董治宝.察尔汗盐湖沙漠沙丘沉积物粒度特征分析[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):358-359.
[9]董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[10]张正偲,董治宝.风沙地貌形态动力学研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(6):734-747.
[11]Fryberger S G,Dean G.Dune forms and winds regime[M]//McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Washington,USA:U.S.Geological Survey,1979:137-169.
[12]朱震达.塔克拉玛干风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[13]Wang X M,Dong Z B,Yan P,et al.Wind energy environments and dune field activity in the Chinese deserts[J].Geomorphology,2005,65:33-48.
[14]Dong Z B,Zhang Z C,Qian G Q,et al.Geomorphology of star dunes in the southern Kumtagh Desert,China:control factors and formation[J].Environmental Earth Science,2013,69:267-277.
[15]张正偲,董治宝,钱广强,等.腾格里沙漠西部和西南部风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1 528-1533.
[16]张正偲,董治宝.黑河流域中游沙漠风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):332-341.
[17]张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙活动特征[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(6):1-9.
[18]李继彦,董治宝,李恩菊,等.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌区风况分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1293-1298.
[19]李振山,倪晋仁.国外沙丘研究综述[J].泥沙研究,2000,10(5):73-81.
[20]张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国,等.输沙量与输沙势的关系[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):824-827.