菌糠木醋液对铜铬污染土壤玉米生理生化指标及重金属富集转运的影响
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摘要
为了给菌糠木醋液在农业及土壤重金属污染修复方面的合理使用提供理论依据,探讨灌施不同用量、不同种类菌糠木醋液对污灌区铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)污染土壤中玉米的生长及玉米对重金属Cu、Cr富集、转运的影响,采用盆栽试验(10 kg土),以平菇、猴头菇、灵芝菌糠木醋液为试验材料,施用1、2、4 mL 3个梯度的菌糠木醋液,测定苗期及成熟期玉米的生理生化指标及成熟期玉米植株不同部位Cu含量、Cr含量、富集系数、转运系数。结果表明,添加菌糠木醋液处理玉米苗期和成熟期的株高、根长与对照相比均有不同程度的增加。添加菌糠木醋液处理均可提升玉米叶绿素含量,玉米成熟期,2 mL猴头菇菌糠木醋液提升效果较为明显,达55.2%。添加菌糠木醋液处理均可提高玉米过氧化氢酶活性,1 mL平菇菌糠木醋液在苗期和成熟期的提高效果均为最好,分别提高105.9%和83.8%。玉米成熟期,4 mL猴头菇菌糠木醋液降低丙二醛含量效果最为明显,降幅为55.7%,且不同菌糠木醋液均为4 mL用量降低丙二醛含量效果最佳。添加菌糠木醋液处理均可不同程度增加玉米根中Cu、Cr富集量,降低玉米雄花序中Cu富集量和玉米茎中Cr富集量,且3种木醋液均以4 mL用量对玉米根中Cr富集量促进作用最明显,与对照相比增加57.2%～122.8%。添加菌糠木醋液处理均会提高玉米根部Cu富集系数,1 mL猴头菇菌糠木醋液提高效果最明显。添加菌糠木醋液处理均会提高玉米根部Cr富集系数,4 mL灵芝菌糠木醋液提高效果最明显。添加菌糠木醋液处理均可降低玉米叶部、雄花序的Cu、Cr转运系数,并且能降低玉米茎部、果穗Cr转运系数,使Cr主要集中在玉米根部。
In order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable use of wood vinegar of fungus chaff in agriculture and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil,the effects of different kinds and different doses of wood vinegar of fungus chaff on maize growth in Cu and Cr contaminated soil of sewage irrigation area and the enrichment and transfer of Cu and Cr in maize were studied by the pot experiment(10 kg soil),wood vinegar of fungus chaff of pleurotus ostreatus,hericium erinaceus,ganoderma lucidum were put as experimental materials,and 1,2,4 mL of wood vinegar of fungus chaff were applied to study physiological and biochemistry index of maize at seedling and mature stage,content,enrichment and transfer coefficient of Cu and Cr in different parts of maize at mature stage.The results showed that,compared with control,the height and root length of maize of treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff at seedling and mature stages were increased to different degrees.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could increase the chlorophyll content of maize,and the increasement effect of 2 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of hericium erinaceus was more obvious at the mature stage of maize,up to 55.2%.The catalase activity of maize of treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could be increased,and the increasement effect of 1 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of pleurotus ostreatus at seedling and mature stage were the best,which increased by 105.9% and 83.8% respectively.At the mature stage of maize,4 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of hericium erinaceus had the most obvious effect on reducing MDA content,with a decrease of 55.7%,and the most effective dose on reducing MDA content of each kind of wood vinegar of fungus chaff was 4 mL.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could increase the enrichment amount of Cu,Cr in maize roots,but decrease the enrichment amount of Cu in male inflorescences and enrichment amount of Cr in stems,and the most effective dose of 3 kinds of wood vinegar of fungus chaff on increasement of enrichment amount of Cr in maize roots was 4 mL,which increased 57.2%～122.8% compared with control.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could improve the enrichment coefficient of Cu in maize root,and 1 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of hericium erinaceus was the most effective.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could increase the enrichment coefficient of Cr in maize root,and 4 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of ganoderma lucidum was the most effective.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could reduce the transfer coefficient of Cu,Cr in leaves and male inflorescence of maize,and also reduce the transfer coefficient of Cr in stems and grains of maize,to make Cr mainly concentrated in roots of maize.
In order to provide theoretical basis for reasonable use of wood vinegar of fungus chaff in agriculture and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil,the effects of different kinds and different doses of wood vinegar of fungus chaff on maize growth in Cu and Cr contaminated soil of sewage irrigation area and the enrichment and transfer of Cu and Cr in maize were studied by the pot experiment(10 kg soil),wood vinegar of fungus chaff of pleurotus ostreatus,hericium erinaceus,ganoderma lucidum were put as experimental materials,and 1,2,4 mL of wood vinegar of fungus chaff were applied to study physiological and biochemistry index of maize at seedling and mature stage,content,enrichment and transfer coefficient of Cu and Cr in different parts of maize at mature stage.The results showed that,compared with control,the height and root length of maize of treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff at seedling and mature stages were increased to different degrees.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could increase the chlorophyll content of maize,and the increasement effect of 2 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of hericium erinaceus was more obvious at the mature stage of maize,up to 55.2%.The catalase activity of maize of treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could be increased,and the increasement effect of 1 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of pleurotus ostreatus at seedling and mature stage were the best,which increased by 105.9% and 83.8% respectively.At the mature stage of maize,4 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of hericium erinaceus had the most obvious effect on reducing MDA content,with a decrease of 55.7%,and the most effective dose on reducing MDA content of each kind of wood vinegar of fungus chaff was 4 mL.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could increase the enrichment amount of Cu,Cr in maize roots,but decrease the enrichment amount of Cu in male inflorescences and enrichment amount of Cr in stems,and the most effective dose of 3 kinds of wood vinegar of fungus chaff on increasement of enrichment amount of Cr in maize roots was 4 mL,which increased 57.2%～122.8% compared with control.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could improve the enrichment coefficient of Cu in maize root,and 1 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of hericium erinaceus was the most effective.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could increase the enrichment coefficient of Cr in maize root,and 4 mL wood vinegar of fungus chaff of ganoderma lucidum was the most effective.Treatments with wood vinegar of fungus chaff could reduce the transfer coefficient of Cu,Cr in leaves and male inflorescence of maize,and also reduce the transfer coefficient of Cr in stems and grains of maize,to make Cr mainly concentrated in roots of maize.
引文
[1] 周岭,蒋恩臣,张强,等.木醋液的精制方法及其在农林生产上的应用[J].可再生能源,2007,25(4):56-60.
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[7] 赵飞,宰学明,李思宇,等.木醋液对滨海盐土解磷真菌Apophysomyces sp.SM-1生长代谢及其溶磷效果的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(5):135-140.
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[10] 颜廷才,曹森,李江阔,等.不同浓度木醋液对青皮核桃生理品质的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2014,40(10):76-82.
[11] CHOI Y S,AHN B J,KIM G H.Extraction of chromium,copper,and arsenic from CCA-treated wood by using wood vinegar[J].Bioresour Technol,2012,120(3):328-331.
[12] LIU L,GUO X P,WANG S Q,et al.Effects of wood vinegar on properties and mechanism of heavy metal competitive adsorption on secondary fermentation based composts[J].Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety,2018,150(15):270-279.
[13] 楼子墨,王卓行,周晓馨,等.废弃菌糠资源化过程中的成分变化规律及其环境影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):397-402.
[14] 熊华烨,秦俊梅,马浩天.含土霉素土壤添加不同基质后对玉米生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):283-289.
[15] 杨国远,万凌琳,雷学青,等.重金属铅、铬胁迫对斜生栅藻的生长、光合性能及抗氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1606-1614.
[16] 李忠徽,王旭东.灌施木醋液对土壤性质和植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):510-516.
[17] 周岭,蒋恩臣,罗健,等.锯末木醋液对玉米种子萌发及幼苗影响的研究[J].玉米科学,2008,16(5):58-60.
[18] 黄晓梅,李东玉,范金霞,等.木醋液对茄子和水稻幼苗保护性酶影响研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(12):23-29.
[19] 颜廷才,曹森,李江阔,等.不同浓度木醋液对青皮核桃生理品质的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2014,40(10):76-82.
[20] 毛巧芝,赵忠,马希汉,等.苦杏壳木醋液抑菌活性和化学成分分析[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(2):164-170.
[21] 高海霞.不同农林废弃物木醋液理化性质与生物活性的比较研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[22] 黄白飞,辛俊亮.植物积累重金属的机理研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):300-307.
[23] 黄爱花,黄开健,彭楷,等.叶面喷施硒肥对甜玉米籽粒富硒、重金属含量及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2019,50(1):40-44.
[24] 魏超,杨定清,吴健英,等.重金属污染土壤微生物的分离与研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1691-1694.
[25] 徐万强,孙世友,侯利敏,等.有机无机钝化剂及组合对重金属污染土壤上小白菜吸收Pb和Cd的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(S1):290-295.
[26] 常建宁,李丹洋,王効挙,等.炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液对污灌区土壤铬形态及玉米吸收的影响[J].河南农业科学,2019,48(1):57-65.
[27] 郭军康,董明芳,丁永祯,等.根际促生菌影响植物吸收和转运重金属的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(7):1228-1234.
[28] 丰明晓,廉玉姬,张华.木醋液的植物生长调节剂特性的分子机理研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014(8):1261-1266.
[2] WEI Q,MA X,DONG J.Preparation,chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous acids from walnut tree branches[J].Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis,2010,87(1):24-28.
[3] 卢辛成,蒋剑春,孙康,等.木醋液的制备、精制与应用研究进展[J].林产化学与工业,2017,37(3):21-30.
[4] 徐社阳,陈就记,曹德榕.木醋液的成分分析[J].广州化学,2006,31(3):28-31.
[5] YATAGAI M,NISHIMOTO M,HORI K,et al.Termiticidal activity of wood vinegar,its components and their homologues[J].Journal of Wood Science,2002,48(4):338-342.
[6] 吴昊,韩晓颖.木醋液的性质及应用研究进展[C]//中国环境科学学会.2010中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第4卷).北京:中国环境科学学会,2010:4132-4134.
[7] 赵飞,宰学明,李思宇,等.木醋液对滨海盐土解磷真菌Apophysomyces sp.SM-1生长代谢及其溶磷效果的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(5):135-140.
[8] 王富,康永祥,侯姣姣,等.灌施木醋液对土壤团聚体和侧柏生长的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(6):75-82.
[9] 程虎,王紫泉,周琨,等.木醋液对碱性土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):696-701.
[10] 颜廷才,曹森,李江阔,等.不同浓度木醋液对青皮核桃生理品质的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2014,40(10):76-82.
[11] CHOI Y S,AHN B J,KIM G H.Extraction of chromium,copper,and arsenic from CCA-treated wood by using wood vinegar[J].Bioresour Technol,2012,120(3):328-331.
[12] LIU L,GUO X P,WANG S Q,et al.Effects of wood vinegar on properties and mechanism of heavy metal competitive adsorption on secondary fermentation based composts[J].Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety,2018,150(15):270-279.
[13] 楼子墨,王卓行,周晓馨,等.废弃菌糠资源化过程中的成分变化规律及其环境影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):397-402.
[14] 熊华烨,秦俊梅,马浩天.含土霉素土壤添加不同基质后对玉米生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):283-289.
[15] 杨国远,万凌琳,雷学青,等.重金属铅、铬胁迫对斜生栅藻的生长、光合性能及抗氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1606-1614.
[16] 李忠徽,王旭东.灌施木醋液对土壤性质和植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):510-516.
[17] 周岭,蒋恩臣,罗健,等.锯末木醋液对玉米种子萌发及幼苗影响的研究[J].玉米科学,2008,16(5):58-60.
[18] 黄晓梅,李东玉,范金霞,等.木醋液对茄子和水稻幼苗保护性酶影响研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(12):23-29.
[19] 颜廷才,曹森,李江阔,等.不同浓度木醋液对青皮核桃生理品质的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2014,40(10):76-82.
[20] 毛巧芝,赵忠,马希汉,等.苦杏壳木醋液抑菌活性和化学成分分析[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(2):164-170.
[21] 高海霞.不同农林废弃物木醋液理化性质与生物活性的比较研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[22] 黄白飞,辛俊亮.植物积累重金属的机理研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):300-307.
[23] 黄爱花,黄开健,彭楷,等.叶面喷施硒肥对甜玉米籽粒富硒、重金属含量及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2019,50(1):40-44.
[24] 魏超,杨定清,吴健英,等.重金属污染土壤微生物的分离与研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1691-1694.
[25] 徐万强,孙世友,侯利敏,等.有机无机钝化剂及组合对重金属污染土壤上小白菜吸收Pb和Cd的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(S1):290-295.
[26] 常建宁,李丹洋,王効挙,等.炭基有机肥配施菌糠木醋液对污灌区土壤铬形态及玉米吸收的影响[J].河南农业科学,2019,48(1):57-65.
[27] 郭军康,董明芳,丁永祯,等.根际促生菌影响植物吸收和转运重金属的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(7):1228-1234.
[28] 丰明晓,廉玉姬,张华.木醋液的植物生长调节剂特性的分子机理研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014(8):1261-1266.