预警环境保证金制度在环境风险管理中的适用研究
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摘要
在环境不确定性管理模式中,潜在的环境损害者不仅需支付已知的损害成本,而且需为不确定的损害负责,此即预警环境保证金制度。通过交易成本及最小安全标准的理念界定预警环境保证金的适用范围,探讨这一制度的基本内涵及其适用中应注意的问题,以期为环境不确定管理的理性实现提供支持。
Environment uncertainty management consists of system logic related with cost-benefit principle,precautionary principle and polluter paying principle. When such system logic is applied to the practice of China's environmental management,it may lead to the new mindset of environmental risk management of precautionary polluter paying principle.The potential environmental polluters not only have to pay for the known damage cost but also have to be responsible for the uncertain damage, namely,precautionary environmental deposit-refund bonding system. Based on transaction cost and minimum safety standard idea,the paper defines the application scope of precautionary environmental deposit-refund system and explores its basic connotation and the issues concerned to provide rational support for environment uncertainty management.
Environment uncertainty management consists of system logic related with cost-benefit principle,precautionary principle and polluter paying principle. When such system logic is applied to the practice of China's environmental management,it may lead to the new mindset of environmental risk management of precautionary polluter paying principle.The potential environmental polluters not only have to pay for the known damage cost but also have to be responsible for the uncertain damage, namely,precautionary environmental deposit-refund bonding system. Based on transaction cost and minimum safety standard idea,the paper defines the application scope of precautionary environmental deposit-refund system and explores its basic connotation and the issues concerned to provide rational support for environment uncertainty management.
引文
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[11]FUNTOWICZ S O,RAVETZ J R.Science for the postnormal age[J].Futures,2003,20(7):739-755.
[2]刘晓星.降低环境风险防范突发事件[N].中国环境报,2012-06-04(3).
[3]史蒂芬·布雷耶.规制及其改革[M].李洪雷,宋华琳,苏苗罕,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2008:8-9.
[4]刘超.环境风险行政规制的断裂与统合[J].法学评论,2013(3):75-82.
[5]陈慈阳.环境法总论[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003.
[6]FAUCHEUX S,FROGER G.Decision-making under environmental uncertainty[J].Ecological Economics,1995(15):29-42.
[7]COSTANZA R,CORNWELL L.The 4P approach to dealing with scientific uncertainty[J].Environment,1992,34(9):12-20.
[8]张志勋,郑小波.论风险预防原则在我国环境法中的适用及完善[J].江西社会科学,2010(10):176-180.
[9]COSTANZA R,PERRINGS C.A flexible assurance bonding system for improved environmental management[J].Ecological Economics,1990(2):57-75.
[10]吴卫星.论我国环境保证金制度及其合法性问题[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014,16(2):78-82.
[11]FUNTOWICZ S O,RAVETZ J R.Science for the postnormal age[J].Futures,2003,20(7):739-755.