2011—2015年甘肃省部分区域水环境健康风险评价
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摘要
本工作基于2011—2015年甘肃省中部、东南部、西北部、东部等8座城市所属3大流域12个断面的江河实测水质数据,建立了水环境健康风险评价模型.研究发现,各断面Cr(Ⅵ)的健康风险最高; 5年间环境健康总风险、非致癌物风险及化学致癌物风险最高的断面为泾河平凉段、渭河天水段及泾河平凉段;各断面非致癌物风险均明显小于化学致癌物健康风险值; 12个断面5年的环境总风险均未超过美国环境保护署规定的最大可接受风险水平,但也均未达到可忽略风险水平,其中泾河平凉段最高,渭河天水段最低.
Based on the measured water quality data of 12 rivers in the three major river basins in eight cities in the central,southeastern,northwestern,and eastern parts of Gansu Province from2011 to 2015,a water environmental health risk assessment model was established.It was found that the health risk caused by Cr( Ⅵ) in all sections was the highest. The sections with the health risk caused by all the pollutants,non-carcinogens and chemical carcinogens during the five-year period were Jing River in Ping Liang,Wei River in Tian Shui and Jing River in Ping Liang. The risk caused by the non-carcinogens in each section was significantly less than the health risk caused by the chemical carcinogens in the section at the same time. The total risk of water environment in 12 sections in 2011—2015 didn' t exceed the maximum acceptable risk level set by the USEPA,but neither of them met the negligible risk level. Among them,Jing River in Pingliang had the highest risk,and Wei River in Tian Shui had the lowest risk.
Based on the measured water quality data of 12 rivers in the three major river basins in eight cities in the central,southeastern,northwestern,and eastern parts of Gansu Province from2011 to 2015,a water environmental health risk assessment model was established.It was found that the health risk caused by Cr( Ⅵ) in all sections was the highest. The sections with the health risk caused by all the pollutants,non-carcinogens and chemical carcinogens during the five-year period were Jing River in Ping Liang,Wei River in Tian Shui and Jing River in Ping Liang. The risk caused by the non-carcinogens in each section was significantly less than the health risk caused by the chemical carcinogens in the section at the same time. The total risk of water environment in 12 sections in 2011—2015 didn' t exceed the maximum acceptable risk level set by the USEPA,but neither of them met the negligible risk level. Among them,Jing River in Pingliang had the highest risk,and Wei River in Tian Shui had the lowest risk.
引文
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[21] LIM S S,VOS T,FLAXMAN A D,et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions,1990—2010:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. The Lancet,2012,380(9859):2224-2260.
[22] ROBU B,JITAR O,TEODOSIU C,et al. Environmental impact and risk assessment of the main pollution sources from the romanian black sea coast[J]. Environmental Engineering&Management Journal,2015,14(2):331-340.
[23] WANG C M,ZHANG X C. Health risk assessment of urban surface waters based on real-time PCR detection of typical pathogens[J].Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal,2012,18(2):329-337.
[24]王鹤扬.北京市西城区水环境健康风险评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(11):163-167.WANG H Y. Study on water environment health risk assessment in Xicheng District,Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science and Management,2013,38(11):163-167(in Chinese).
[25]陈生科,万玉,杨明姣,等.贵阳某农村饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(5):403-408.CHEN S K,WAN Y,YANG M J,et al. Evaluation on health risk of drinking water in a rural drinking water source in Guiyang[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(5):403-408(in Chinese).
[26]马海涛,杨晓灵,任重,等.南宁市主要饮用水源地水环境健康风险分析[J].人民珠江,2014,35(4):41-44.MA H T,YANG X L,REN Z,et al. Analysis on health risks of water environment in the main sources of drinking water in Nanning[J].Peoples Bank of China,2014,35(4):41-44(in Chinese).
[27]胡冠九,孙成,杨敏娜,等.长江江苏段主干断面污染物健康风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(8):771-776.HU G J,SUN C,YANG M N,et al. Healthy risk assessment of pollutants in the main section of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province[J]. Resources and environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(8):771-776(in Chinese).
[28]李俊杰,李靖洁.张家口市洋河、桑干河流域水环境健康风险评价[J].中国环境监测,2008,16(5):92-95.LI J J,LI J. Evaluation on health risk of aquatic environment in Yanghe and Sangganhe river basins in Zhangjiakou[J]. Chinese Environmental Monitoring,2008,16(5):92-95(in Chinese).
[29]梁爽,李维青.乌鲁木齐市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(8):1660-1664.LIANG S,LI W Q. Evaluation of water environment health risk in drinking water sources in Urumqi[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2010,47(8):1660-1664(in Chinese).
[30]甘肃省水利厅.甘肃省水利厅关于公布甘肃省集中式饮用水水源地核准名录(第一批)的通知[EB/OL].http://www.gssl.gov.cn/slzx/slxw/201702/t20170226_69824.html,2018-03-02.Gansu Provincial Department of Water Resources. Notice of Gansu Provincial Department of Water Conservancy on publishing the approved list of centralized drinking water sources in Gansu Province(the first batch)[EB/OL]. http://www. gssl. gov. cn/slzx/slxw/201702/t20170226_69824.html,2018-03-02(in Chinese).
[31]赵华强.泾河平凉段污染综合整治对策[J].环境研究与监测,2007,18(3):41-42.ZHAO H Q. Pollution countermeasures for pollution control in Pingliang section of Jinghe River[J]. Environmental Research and Monitoring,2007,12(3):41-42(in Chinese).
[2] WWAP. 2017. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017:Wastewater[R]. Paris,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,2017.
[3] U. S. EPA. The Risk Assessment Guidelines of 1986[R]. EPA/600/18-87/045. Washington DC:Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,U.S.EPA,1986.
[4]费尔曼,米德,威廉姆斯.环境风险评价:方法、经验和信息来源[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011:188.Fearman,Meader,Williams. Environmental risk assessment:Methods,experiences,and sources[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011:188(in Chinese).
[5]秦波.湖南省水环境健康风险评价[J].湖南水利水电,2008(1):69-71.QIN B.Evaluation of health risk of water environment in Hunan province[J].Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower,2008,28(1):69-71(in Chinese).
[6]童建,郭裕中.公众健康危险评价[M].北京:原子能,1994:58.TONG J,GUO Y Z. Public health risk assessment[M]. Beijing:Atomic Energy,1994:58(in Chinese).
[7]吴丰昌,李会仙.美国水质基准制定的方法学指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:156.WU F C,LI H X. American guidelines for the development of water quality guidelines[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2011:156(in Chinese).
[8]张光贵,张屹.洞庭湖区城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(8):1812-1820.ZHANG G G,ZHANG Y. Evaluation of health risks of drinking water in urban drinking water sources in Dongting Lake area[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(8):1812-1820(in Chinese).
[9]谢许情,赖肖,章英.南昌市城市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境卫生学杂志,2016(1):51-55.XIE X Q,LAI X,ZHANG Y. Evaluation of health risk of drinking water quality in cities of Nanchang[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Hygiene,2016(1):51-55(in Chinese).
[10] GETANEH Z,MEKONEN S,AMBELU A. Exposure and health risk assessment of lead in communities of Jimma town,southwestern Ethiopia.[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2014,93(2):245-50.
[11]王燕,王润元,王鹤龄,等.甘肃省干旱气候灾害的自然和人文因素探讨[J].环境保护与循环经济,2008,28(9):51-54.WANG Y,WANG R Y,WANG H L,et al. Analysis of natural and human factors of arid climatic disasters in Gansu[J]. Environmental Protection and Recycling Economy,2008,28(9):51-54(in Chinese).
[12]唐海萍,唐少卿.甘肃水资源的特点及保护利用[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(2):213-216.TANG H P,TANG S Q. Characteristics of Gansu water resources and their protection and utilization[J]. Chinese Desert,2000,20(2):213-216(in Chinese).
[13] EPA U S.Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund:Volume3-Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment Chapter1,Part A[R].Washington,DC:Office of Emergency and Remedial Response U.S.EPA,2001.
[14]黄奕龙,王仰麟,谭启宇,等.城市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价及风险管理[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):162-167.HUANG Y L,WANG Y L,TAN Q Y,et al. Health environmental health risk assessment and risk management of urban drinking water sources[J]. Geology Frontline,2006,13(3):162-167(in Chinese).
[15]邹滨,曾永年,Belljamin F.Zhan,等.城市水环境健康风险评价[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(2):94-98.ZOU B,ZENG Y N,BELLJAMIN F ZHAN,et al. Health Risk Assessment of Urban Water Environment[J]. Geography and Geographical Information Science,2009,25(2):94-98(in Chinese).
[16]王秋莲,张震,刘伟.天津市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(5):187-190.WANG Q L,ZHANG Z,LIU W. Evaluation of water environment health risk of drinking water sources in Tianjin[J]. Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,2009,32(5):187-190(in Chinese).
[17]孙树青,胡国华,王勇泽,等.湘江干流水环境健康风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(2):12-15.SUN S Q,HU G H,WANG Y Z,et al. Healthy environment health risk assessment of main shaft of Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2006,6(2):12-15(in Chinese).
[18] BARAM,MICHAEL. Report on reports:Risk assessment in the federal government:managing the process[J]. Environment:Science and Policy for Sustainable Development,1983,25(7):25-27.
[19]罗锦洪.饮用水源地水华人体健康风险评价[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.LUO J H. Drinking water sources of human body water health risk assessment[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University,2012(in Chinese).
[20] SCHWAB B W,HAYES E P,FIORI J M,et al. Human pharmaceuticals in US surface waters:A human health risk assessment[J].Regulatory Toxicology&Pharmacology,2005,42(3):296-312.
[21] LIM S S,VOS T,FLAXMAN A D,et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions,1990—2010:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. The Lancet,2012,380(9859):2224-2260.
[22] ROBU B,JITAR O,TEODOSIU C,et al. Environmental impact and risk assessment of the main pollution sources from the romanian black sea coast[J]. Environmental Engineering&Management Journal,2015,14(2):331-340.
[23] WANG C M,ZHANG X C. Health risk assessment of urban surface waters based on real-time PCR detection of typical pathogens[J].Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal,2012,18(2):329-337.
[24]王鹤扬.北京市西城区水环境健康风险评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(11):163-167.WANG H Y. Study on water environment health risk assessment in Xicheng District,Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science and Management,2013,38(11):163-167(in Chinese).
[25]陈生科,万玉,杨明姣,等.贵阳某农村饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(5):403-408.CHEN S K,WAN Y,YANG M J,et al. Evaluation on health risk of drinking water in a rural drinking water source in Guiyang[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(5):403-408(in Chinese).
[26]马海涛,杨晓灵,任重,等.南宁市主要饮用水源地水环境健康风险分析[J].人民珠江,2014,35(4):41-44.MA H T,YANG X L,REN Z,et al. Analysis on health risks of water environment in the main sources of drinking water in Nanning[J].Peoples Bank of China,2014,35(4):41-44(in Chinese).
[27]胡冠九,孙成,杨敏娜,等.长江江苏段主干断面污染物健康风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(8):771-776.HU G J,SUN C,YANG M N,et al. Healthy risk assessment of pollutants in the main section of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province[J]. Resources and environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(8):771-776(in Chinese).
[28]李俊杰,李靖洁.张家口市洋河、桑干河流域水环境健康风险评价[J].中国环境监测,2008,16(5):92-95.LI J J,LI J. Evaluation on health risk of aquatic environment in Yanghe and Sangganhe river basins in Zhangjiakou[J]. Chinese Environmental Monitoring,2008,16(5):92-95(in Chinese).
[29]梁爽,李维青.乌鲁木齐市饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(8):1660-1664.LIANG S,LI W Q. Evaluation of water environment health risk in drinking water sources in Urumqi[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2010,47(8):1660-1664(in Chinese).
[30]甘肃省水利厅.甘肃省水利厅关于公布甘肃省集中式饮用水水源地核准名录(第一批)的通知[EB/OL].http://www.gssl.gov.cn/slzx/slxw/201702/t20170226_69824.html,2018-03-02.Gansu Provincial Department of Water Resources. Notice of Gansu Provincial Department of Water Conservancy on publishing the approved list of centralized drinking water sources in Gansu Province(the first batch)[EB/OL]. http://www. gssl. gov. cn/slzx/slxw/201702/t20170226_69824.html,2018-03-02(in Chinese).
[31]赵华强.泾河平凉段污染综合整治对策[J].环境研究与监测,2007,18(3):41-42.ZHAO H Q. Pollution countermeasures for pollution control in Pingliang section of Jinghe River[J]. Environmental Research and Monitoring,2007,12(3):41-42(in Chinese).