养殖水体环境参数随潮汐变化特征及相关性分析——以湛江特呈岛东近岸海域为例
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摘要
利用2018年4-5月在湛江特呈岛东边海域养殖区内测定的数据,以及海事服务网提供的潮汐数据,分析了研究区域潮汐、流速和流向的变化规律,研究了溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)、化学需氧量CODMn(Chemical Oxygen Demand)、二氧化碳CO2浓度和pH等海水环境参数随潮汐变化的特征以及相关性,建立了分别利用DO和pH值来估算海水CO2浓度的新算法,平均估算精度分别达到90%和95%。分析结果表明:(1)研究区域呈现不规则半日潮,流速随潮汐变化分为正相关和负相关两种类型;流向随着潮汐变化基本是东南与西北向;(2) CODMn的变化完全取决于涨落潮过程,涨潮时CODMn值逐渐下降,而落潮过程CODMn值逐渐上升;(3) CO2浓度呈现出明显的日变化,在午后数值达到最低值,不完全受制于潮汐过程的控制;(4) DO和pH两者的变化趋势高度一致,其变化过程与CO2浓度变化过程正好相反;(5)同一地点的海洋环境参数随潮汐涨落有很大的变异性,因而在进行空间大面海洋环境参数调查时,用某时刻的值代表该点的全天情况会出现较大的误差。
This study makes full use of the measured data in the marine aquaculture area at the east of Techeng Island of Zhanjiang from April to May 2018, and the tide data are provided by China Shipping Service. This paper firstly analyzes the tides, current velocity, and current direction in the studied area, and then analyzes the characteristics of the tide-induced variation of biochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen(DO), carbon dioxide(CO2) concentration and p H. The relationship between the parameters is also studied. Additionally, it establishes algorithms to estimate the CO2 concentration by using DO and pH, respectively. This provides a new method to estimate the CO2 concentration. The accuracy of the DO-based and pH-based algorithms is 90% and95%, respectively. The analysis show the following results:(1) In the studied area, the tides are irregular semidiurnal tides; the current velocity is positively and negatively correlated with the tides; and the direction of the current is mainly southeastward and northwestward.(2) The variation of the CODMnis determined by the tides;CODMndecreases during rising tides, while CODMnincreases during falling tides.(3) CO2 shows clear diurnal variation; the value of CO2 is at lowest level in the afternoon, not entirely controlled by the tides.(4) The variation tendencies of DO and pH are highly consistent, which was opposite to the variation tendency of CO2.(5)It is concluded that biochemical parameters at the same location exhibit large variations associated with tides.Therefore, in the surveys of biochemical parameters of large spatial coverage, large errors may occur when a value at a certain time is used to represent the value of the whole day.
This study makes full use of the measured data in the marine aquaculture area at the east of Techeng Island of Zhanjiang from April to May 2018, and the tide data are provided by China Shipping Service. This paper firstly analyzes the tides, current velocity, and current direction in the studied area, and then analyzes the characteristics of the tide-induced variation of biochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen(DO), carbon dioxide(CO2) concentration and p H. The relationship between the parameters is also studied. Additionally, it establishes algorithms to estimate the CO2 concentration by using DO and pH, respectively. This provides a new method to estimate the CO2 concentration. The accuracy of the DO-based and pH-based algorithms is 90% and95%, respectively. The analysis show the following results:(1) In the studied area, the tides are irregular semidiurnal tides; the current velocity is positively and negatively correlated with the tides; and the direction of the current is mainly southeastward and northwestward.(2) The variation of the CODMnis determined by the tides;CODMndecreases during rising tides, while CODMnincreases during falling tides.(3) CO2 shows clear diurnal variation; the value of CO2 is at lowest level in the afternoon, not entirely controlled by the tides.(4) The variation tendencies of DO and pH are highly consistent, which was opposite to the variation tendency of CO2.(5)It is concluded that biochemical parameters at the same location exhibit large variations associated with tides.Therefore, in the surveys of biochemical parameters of large spatial coverage, large errors may occur when a value at a certain time is used to represent the value of the whole day.
引文
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[14]蒋锦刚,周斌,马国春,等.海-气CO2通量实测数据通量计算中误差传递模拟与敏感性分析[J].海洋学报,2013, 35(4):64-71.Jiang Jiangang, Zhou Bin, Ma Guochun, et al. Error propagation sinmulation and sensitivity analysis for air-sea CO2fluxes calculate by measured data[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese), 2013, 35(4):64-71.
[15]王项南,王晶,吴迪,等.海水中溶解二氧化碳监测技术跟踪[J].海洋技术,2009,28(4):24-26.WANG Xiang-nan, WANG Jing, WU Di, et al. Summary of Monitoring Technology of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Seawater[J].Ocean Technology, 2009, 28(4):24-26.
[16] Braga F, Giardino C, Bassani C, et al. Assessing water quality in the northern adriatic sea from HICOTMdata[J]. Remote Sens Lett,2013, 4:1028-1037.
[2]庄晓珊,桓清柳,彭莹,等.深圳东部近岸海域溶解氧的时空分布特征[J].热带海洋学报, 2018,37(5):98-105.ZHUANG Xiao-shan, HUAN Qing-liu, PENG Ying,et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved oxygen in the coastal waters of eastern Shenzhen[J] Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018,37(5):98-105.
[3] Boyer T, Conkright M E, Levitus S. Seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen, percent oxygen saturation, and apparent oxygen utilization in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,1999, 46(9):1593-1613.
[4]陈雪霏,韦刚健,邓文峰,等.珊瑚礁海水pH变化及其对海洋酸化的意义[J].热带地理,2016,36(1):41-47.CHEN Xue-fei,WEI Gang-jian,DENG Wen-feng,et al. Reef water pH variation and its implications for ocean acidification[J].Tropical Geography,2016,36(1):41-47.
[5]黄妙芬,王忠林,邢旭峰,等.威海市褚岛北部海域CDOM和COD分布特征遥感分析[J].海洋技术学报,2018,37(2):63-70.HUANG Miao-fen, WANG Zhong-lin, XING Xu-feng, et al. Remote sensing analysis of the distribution characteristics of CDOM and COD in northern Chu Island waters of Weihai, Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Ocean Technology, 2018,37(2):63-70.
[6] J W覿ge, J D Hardege, T A Larsson, et al. Effects of Low seawater pH on the marine polychaete Platnereis Dumerilii[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 95:166-172.
[7] R B Geerdink, R S Hurk, O J Epema. Chenical oxygen demand:Historical perspectives and future challenge[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2017, 961:1-11.
[8] Mohammad Haji Gholizadeh, Assefa M Melesse, Lakshmi Reddi. A comprehensive review on water quality parameters estimation using remote sensing techniques[J]. Sensors, 2016,16:1298.
[9]黄妙芬,宋庆君,毛志华,等.应用CDOM光学特性估算水体COD[J].海洋学报,2011, 33(3):47-54.HUANG Miao-fen, SONG Qing-jun,MAO Zhi-hua,et al. The retrieval model for COD in waters using optical absorption properties of CDOM[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2011, 33(3):47-54.
[10]李洪涛,刘阳,于国庆,等.威海南部近岸海域表层海水化学要素时空变化及富营养化研究[J].应用海洋学学报,2016,35(3):356-363.LI Hong-tao,LIU Yang,YU Guo-qing,et al. Spatial temporal distribution of sea water chemicals and eutrophication evaluation in surface water of southern Weihai coastal area[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 2016, 35(3):356-363.
[11]胡明,韦章良,韩红宾,等.三沙湾盐田港海水养殖海域水质调查与评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(4):582-587.HU Ming,WEI Zhang-liang,HAN Hong-bin,et al. The survey and assessment of water environmental quality in the mariculture area in the enclosed Sansha Bay[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2014,23(4):582-587.
[12]姜亦飞,王辉,乔然,等.南海东北部春季海表pCO2分布及海-气CO2通量[J].海洋学报,2014, 36(6):18-24.Jiang Yifei, Wang Hui, Qiao Ran, et al. The distribution of pCO2in surface water and CO2flux at air-sea interface in northeast part of the South China Sea in spring[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),2014, 36(6):18-24.
[13] Hongqiang Yan, Kefu Yu, Qi Shia, et al. Air-sea CO2fluxes and spatial distribution of seawater pCO2in Yongle Atoll, northerncentral South China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2018,165:71-77.
[14]蒋锦刚,周斌,马国春,等.海-气CO2通量实测数据通量计算中误差传递模拟与敏感性分析[J].海洋学报,2013, 35(4):64-71.Jiang Jiangang, Zhou Bin, Ma Guochun, et al. Error propagation sinmulation and sensitivity analysis for air-sea CO2fluxes calculate by measured data[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese), 2013, 35(4):64-71.
[15]王项南,王晶,吴迪,等.海水中溶解二氧化碳监测技术跟踪[J].海洋技术,2009,28(4):24-26.WANG Xiang-nan, WANG Jing, WU Di, et al. Summary of Monitoring Technology of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Seawater[J].Ocean Technology, 2009, 28(4):24-26.
[16] Braga F, Giardino C, Bassani C, et al. Assessing water quality in the northern adriatic sea from HICOTMdata[J]. Remote Sens Lett,2013, 4:1028-1037.