浅谈GIS在城市环境总体规划中的应用与探索
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摘要
环保大数据结合地理信息系统是实现城市环境总体规划空间化、促使环境管理转型的重要举措。城市环境总体规划是我国环境规划制度中的一项尝试,实现环境管理由末端治理转向前端控制的基础性、空间性、综合性、战略性规划。本文在分析GIS在环境规划领域的技术优势基础上,提出城市环境总体规划中生态保护红线划定、环境(生态)功能区划、要素空间管控、环境风险防控、产业布局调控五大技术需求。总结GIS在城市环境总体规划中的五大技术应用:空间基础数据处理与评价模型应用、标准化制图与空间信息表达、信息系统管理平台建设、专业软件数据转换、衔接"多规合一"平台等。最后,提出GIS支持下的环境功能区划和生态保护红线评估等功能模块开发、城环总规信息系统上的环境影响评价模块开发以及环境详细规划控制图则编制方法等探索方向。
Environmental protection big data combined with geographic information system is an important measure to achieve the spatialization of urban environmental master planning, and promote the transformation of environmental management. The urban environmental master planning is an attempt to realize the transformation from the end control to the forward control, which is the basic, spatial, comprehensive and strategic planning. Based on the analysis of GIS technology advantage in environmental planning, five major technical requirements were put forward, such as ecological red-line delineation, environmental function zoning, space environmental factors control, environmental risk prevention, industrial layout adjustment. Five technology applications of GIS in the urban environmental master planning were summarized, for example, spatial data processing and evaluation model application, standardized mapping and spatial symbol expression, information system management platform construction, professional software data conversion, convergence of the platform of "multi planning and unity". At last, the article pointed out that several aspects of urban environmental master planning supported by GIS need to be further explored, including development of functional modules of environmental function zoning and ecological protection red-line assessment, development of environmental impact assessment module on urban environmental master planning information system and control chart preparation method of environmental detailed planning.
Environmental protection big data combined with geographic information system is an important measure to achieve the spatialization of urban environmental master planning, and promote the transformation of environmental management. The urban environmental master planning is an attempt to realize the transformation from the end control to the forward control, which is the basic, spatial, comprehensive and strategic planning. Based on the analysis of GIS technology advantage in environmental planning, five major technical requirements were put forward, such as ecological red-line delineation, environmental function zoning, space environmental factors control, environmental risk prevention, industrial layout adjustment. Five technology applications of GIS in the urban environmental master planning were summarized, for example, spatial data processing and evaluation model application, standardized mapping and spatial symbol expression, information system management platform construction, professional software data conversion, convergence of the platform of "multi planning and unity". At last, the article pointed out that several aspects of urban environmental master planning supported by GIS need to be further explored, including development of functional modules of environmental function zoning and ecological protection red-line assessment, development of environmental impact assessment module on urban environmental master planning information system and control chart preparation method of environmental detailed planning.
引文
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[2]王成新,万军,于雷,等.环境总体规划与城市总体规划衔接思路浅析[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(4):20-25.
[3]贾琼琼,马仁锋,王侃,等.基于GIS的县域环境功能区划方法研究——以象山县为例[J].世界科技研究与发展,2016,38(2):392-396,402-402.
[4]王成新,秦昌波,吕红迪,等.基于环境“一张图”的环境网格化管理平台建设思路探讨——以长吉产业创新发展示范区为例[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(3):28-34.
[5]李超,贾倩,曹国志,等.行政区域环境风险评估方法研究——以烟台市为例[J].环境保护科学,2015,41(8):15-19.
[6]张勇,王浩,单光,等.环境保护总体规划图集设计[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(6):789-798.
[7]邹本强.城市环境规划成果展示系统的设计与实现[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[8]余向勇,李莹,陈安,等.共享“红线”——宜昌市环境总体规划信息管理与应用系统(V1.0)开发研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016(12):5-11.
[9]薛文博,付飞,吴舜泽,等.福州市大气环境红线空间区划研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2014,39(6):19-23.
[10]张培培,石岩,吕红迪,等.城市水环境空间规划体系与方法研究[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(3):8-12.
[11]洪珑梅,胡文涓,谢舒菁.基于GIS技术的“多规合一”环保专项数据建库——以厦门市环境保护局为例[J].《规划师》论丛,2015:80-85.
[12]龚磊,杨梅,张鹏程.基于GIS的“多规合一”辅助决策系统研究与应用[J].城市勘测,2015(6):11-14.
[13]贾德峰,张翠萍,方佳.基于GIS的生态环境影响评价建模方法初探[J].四川环境,2009,28(3):58-60.
[14]毕天平,金成洙,钟圣俊,等.基于GIS的环境污染扩散模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(2):273-276.