三种不同聚合度组成的聚磷酸铵对玉米苗期生长的影响
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摘要
【目的】了解不同聚合度组成的聚磷酸铵(APP)作种肥对玉米苗期生长的影响。【方法】以磷酸一铵(简称MAP)作对照,比较了3种APP [(简称APP1,低中聚成分为主)、APP2 (中高聚成分为主)、APP3 (低中高聚成分均匀分布)]及APP与MAP配施(APP∶MAP=1∶1,P_2O_5质量比)在砖红壤上作玉米种肥的效果。试验设置了CK (不施磷肥)、MAP、APP1、APP2、APP3、APP1∶MAP、APP2∶MAP和APP3∶MAP共8个处理。播种40 d后,收取玉米苗期植株,采集土壤样品,分别测定玉米植株株高、茎粗、地上和地下部干重、土壤全磷及有效磷含量、植株磷吸收量和磷利用率等指标。【结果】不同聚合度组成APP对玉米苗期生长具有显著影响。单独施用APP时,以APP3的肥效最好,MAP和APP1居中,APP2最差。APP3可以稳定供磷,玉米株高、干重、磷吸收量均最高,表明聚合度组成均匀分布的APP作种肥效果最佳。与单独施用APP相比,APP配施MAP后,显著提高玉米生物产量和磷吸收量,其中以APP3配施MAP效果最好,与MAP相比,APP3∶MAP处理的干物质量和磷利用率分别提高了21.3%、81.6%。【结论】APP作为种肥施用时,聚合度组成会显著影响肥效,以聚合度组成分布均匀的APP效果最佳。此外,配施MAP对中高聚APP的肥效有显著的促进作用。
【Objectives】The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of three kinds of ammonium polyphosphates(APP) with various polymerization degree(PD) as seed fertilizer on maize seedling growth.【Methods】With mono-ammonium phosphate(MAP) as control, three ammonium polyphosphates were APP1(mainly low to medium PD), APP2(mainly medium to high PD) and APP3(uniform PD distribution) and combinations of APP with MAP(APP∶MAP = 1∶1, P_2O_5 mass ratio) to compare the effect on maize seedlings when all APPs were used as seed fertilizer on laterite soil. There were 8 treatments including CK(no phosphate fertilizer), MAP, APP1, APP2, APP3, APP1∶MAP, APP2∶MAP, and APP3∶MAP. At 40 days after sowing,corn seedling plants and soil samples were collected, and plant height, stem diameter, dry matter weight of aboveground and underground parts, soil total phosphorus, soil available phosphorus, phosphorus uptake of plant and phosphorus use efficiency were determined or calculated.【Results】The seedling growth was significantly different among the 8 treatments. When APPs was applied individually, the best corn growth was in APP3,followed by MAP and APP1 and the worst was in APP2. This information indicated that APP with uniform PD distribution had the best effect as seed fertilizer. Compared with the individual APP treatments, combination of APP with MAP could significantly increase seedling growth and phosphorus uptake. The best combination was APP3 with MAP, which resulted in 21.3% and 81.6% more plant dry matter weight and phosphorus use efficiency over the treatment of MAP alone, respectively.【Conclusions】Ammonium polyphosphate with homogeneous distribution of polymerization degree(APP3) could steadily supply phosphorus, resulting in maximum plant height, dry weight and phosphorus uptake. Combined application of MAP with APP3 is proved to be capable of promote nutrient availability and corn growth significantly, which is a proper application way.
【Objectives】The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of three kinds of ammonium polyphosphates(APP) with various polymerization degree(PD) as seed fertilizer on maize seedling growth.【Methods】With mono-ammonium phosphate(MAP) as control, three ammonium polyphosphates were APP1(mainly low to medium PD), APP2(mainly medium to high PD) and APP3(uniform PD distribution) and combinations of APP with MAP(APP∶MAP = 1∶1, P_2O_5 mass ratio) to compare the effect on maize seedlings when all APPs were used as seed fertilizer on laterite soil. There were 8 treatments including CK(no phosphate fertilizer), MAP, APP1, APP2, APP3, APP1∶MAP, APP2∶MAP, and APP3∶MAP. At 40 days after sowing,corn seedling plants and soil samples were collected, and plant height, stem diameter, dry matter weight of aboveground and underground parts, soil total phosphorus, soil available phosphorus, phosphorus uptake of plant and phosphorus use efficiency were determined or calculated.【Results】The seedling growth was significantly different among the 8 treatments. When APPs was applied individually, the best corn growth was in APP3,followed by MAP and APP1 and the worst was in APP2. This information indicated that APP with uniform PD distribution had the best effect as seed fertilizer. Compared with the individual APP treatments, combination of APP with MAP could significantly increase seedling growth and phosphorus uptake. The best combination was APP3 with MAP, which resulted in 21.3% and 81.6% more plant dry matter weight and phosphorus use efficiency over the treatment of MAP alone, respectively.【Conclusions】Ammonium polyphosphate with homogeneous distribution of polymerization degree(APP3) could steadily supply phosphorus, resulting in maximum plant height, dry weight and phosphorus uptake. Combined application of MAP with APP3 is proved to be capable of promote nutrient availability and corn growth significantly, which is a proper application way.
引文
[1]汪家铭.新型肥料聚磷酸铵的发展与应用[J].泸天化科技,2010,(1):6-10.Wang J M. Development and application of new fertilizer ammonium polyphosphate[J]. Lutianhua Science and Technology, 2010,(1):6-10.
[2] Dsutton C, Larsen S. Pyrophosphate as a source of phosphorus for plants[J]. Soil Science, 1964, 97(3):196-201.
[3] Rhue R D, Hense L R Y. Ammonium orthophosphate and ammonium polyphosphate as sources of phosphorus for potatoes[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1981, 45(6):1229-1233.
[4]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D. Analysis of soil and agricultural chemistry[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2000.
[5] Torres-Dorante L O, Claassen N, Steingrobe B E A. Hydrolysis rates of inorganic polyphosphates in aqueous solution as well as in soils and effects on P availability[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2005, 168(3):352-358.
[6] Zinder B, Hertz J, Oswald H. Kinetic studies on the hydrolysis of sodium polyphosphate in sterile solution[J]. Water Research, 1984,18(5):509-512.
[7]王蕾,龚林,邓兰生,等.不同温度和pH对聚磷酸铵水解的影响[J].磷肥与复肥,2015, 30(12):8-11.Wang L, Gong L, Deng L S, et al. Effects of temperature and pH on hydrolysis of ammonium polyphosphate[J]. Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer, 2015, 30(12):8-11.
[8] Hons F M, Stewart W M, Hossner L R. Factor interactions and their influence on hydrolysis of condensed phosphates in soils[J]. Soil Science,1986, 141:408-416.
[9] Dick R P, Tabatabai M A. Hydrolysis of polyphosphates in soils[J].Soil Science, 1986, 142(3):132-140.
[10]骆介禹,骆希明,孙才英,等.聚磷酸铵及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.Luo J Y, Luo X M, Sun C Y, et al. Ammonium polyphosphate and its application[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2007.
[11] Sutton C P, Gunary D, Larsen S. Pyrophosphate as a source of phosphorus for plants.Ⅱ. Hydrolysis and initial uptake by a barley crop[J]. Soil Science,1966, 101:199-204.
[12]王艳,李晓林,张福锁.不同基因型植物低磷胁迫适应机理的研究进展[J].生态农业研究,2000,(4):36-38.Wang Y, Li X L, Zhang F S. Research progress on adaptation mechanisms of low phosphorus stress in different genotypes of plants[J]. Eco-agriculture Research,2000,(4):36-38.
[13]张俊平,朱峰,张新明,等.酸性土壤固磷机理研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2008, 16(1):229-233.Zhang J P, Zhu F, Zhang X M, et al. Recent advances in phosphorus fixation mechanism in acid soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecoagriculture,2008, 16(1):229-233.
[14]安迪,杨令,王冠达,等.磷在土壤中的固定机制和磷肥的高效利用[J].化工进展,2013,(8):1967-1973.An D, Yang L, Wang G D, et al. Phosphorus fixation in soil and efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer[J]. Proceedings of Chemical Industry,2013,(8):1967-1973.
[15]陈日远,代明,侯文通,等.聚磷酸铵对玉米幼苗吸收磷、锌养分及生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,(5):104-106.Chen R Y, Dai M, Hou W T, et al. Effect of ammonium polyphosphate on uptake of phosphorus, zinc and growth of maize seedlings[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2014,(5):104-106.
[2] Dsutton C, Larsen S. Pyrophosphate as a source of phosphorus for plants[J]. Soil Science, 1964, 97(3):196-201.
[3] Rhue R D, Hense L R Y. Ammonium orthophosphate and ammonium polyphosphate as sources of phosphorus for potatoes[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1981, 45(6):1229-1233.
[4]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D. Analysis of soil and agricultural chemistry[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2000.
[5] Torres-Dorante L O, Claassen N, Steingrobe B E A. Hydrolysis rates of inorganic polyphosphates in aqueous solution as well as in soils and effects on P availability[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2005, 168(3):352-358.
[6] Zinder B, Hertz J, Oswald H. Kinetic studies on the hydrolysis of sodium polyphosphate in sterile solution[J]. Water Research, 1984,18(5):509-512.
[7]王蕾,龚林,邓兰生,等.不同温度和pH对聚磷酸铵水解的影响[J].磷肥与复肥,2015, 30(12):8-11.Wang L, Gong L, Deng L S, et al. Effects of temperature and pH on hydrolysis of ammonium polyphosphate[J]. Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer, 2015, 30(12):8-11.
[8] Hons F M, Stewart W M, Hossner L R. Factor interactions and their influence on hydrolysis of condensed phosphates in soils[J]. Soil Science,1986, 141:408-416.
[9] Dick R P, Tabatabai M A. Hydrolysis of polyphosphates in soils[J].Soil Science, 1986, 142(3):132-140.
[10]骆介禹,骆希明,孙才英,等.聚磷酸铵及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.Luo J Y, Luo X M, Sun C Y, et al. Ammonium polyphosphate and its application[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2007.
[11] Sutton C P, Gunary D, Larsen S. Pyrophosphate as a source of phosphorus for plants.Ⅱ. Hydrolysis and initial uptake by a barley crop[J]. Soil Science,1966, 101:199-204.
[12]王艳,李晓林,张福锁.不同基因型植物低磷胁迫适应机理的研究进展[J].生态农业研究,2000,(4):36-38.Wang Y, Li X L, Zhang F S. Research progress on adaptation mechanisms of low phosphorus stress in different genotypes of plants[J]. Eco-agriculture Research,2000,(4):36-38.
[13]张俊平,朱峰,张新明,等.酸性土壤固磷机理研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2008, 16(1):229-233.Zhang J P, Zhu F, Zhang X M, et al. Recent advances in phosphorus fixation mechanism in acid soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecoagriculture,2008, 16(1):229-233.
[14]安迪,杨令,王冠达,等.磷在土壤中的固定机制和磷肥的高效利用[J].化工进展,2013,(8):1967-1973.An D, Yang L, Wang G D, et al. Phosphorus fixation in soil and efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer[J]. Proceedings of Chemical Industry,2013,(8):1967-1973.
[15]陈日远,代明,侯文通,等.聚磷酸铵对玉米幼苗吸收磷、锌养分及生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,(5):104-106.Chen R Y, Dai M, Hou W T, et al. Effect of ammonium polyphosphate on uptake of phosphorus, zinc and growth of maize seedlings[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2014,(5):104-106.