鄂西南地区种子植物多样性与区系特征
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摘要
根据《恩施植物志》内容,结合近年来野外实地调查记录,统计鄂西南地区种子植物信息,并对其物种多样性、科属组成及区系地理特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)鄂西南地区种子植物共3 053种,占湖北省74.79%,全国的11.20%,隶属于164科1 008属,其中裸子植物9科28属45种,被子植物155科980属3 008种,且草本植物达1 576种;研究区内植物生活型多样化,多年生和落叶物种占优势,珍稀濒危物种多,生物多样性高。(2)鄂西南地区物种较多的科为蔷薇科(210种)、菊科(198种)、百合科(131种)、禾本科(126种)和豆科(111种),表征科中桦木科的重要值最大(22.00);大科、大属的优势性明显,少种科和少种属较多,体现出科属水平上的多样性。(3)研究区内种子植物科的区系划分为11个分布区类型,14个亚型,其中热带成分77科(65.25%),温带成分38科(32.20%),中国特有2科(1.69%),以热带成分为主;属级水平上共15个分布区类型、23个亚型,热带成分388属(41.06%),温带成分485属(51.32%),中国特有57属(6.03%);种级水平上划分为15个分布区类型,温带成分1 572种(59.70%)、热带成分934种(35.47%),中国特有分布型110种(4.18%),属、种水平上温带成分更占优势。研究认为,鄂西南地区种子植物区系具有温带和热带双重性质和过渡性特征,区系起源有一定的古老性,地理成分复杂。
Based on seed plants in Flora of Enshi,combining with field investigation statistics in natural reserves,we studied the species diversity,composition of genera,families and floristic components in Southwest of Hubei.Results showed that:(1)there were 3 053 seed plant species in Southwest of Hubei,belonging to 1 008 genera and 164 families,which accounted for 74.79%species of Hubei,11.20% of China.Among them there were 9 families,28 genera,and 45 species in Gymnosperm,and 155 families,980 genera,and 3 008 species in Angiosperm.In addition,there were 1 576 herbplants in total,which showed multiple life forms,abundant herb species,more perennial,deciduous species,various rare and endangered plants and high biodiversity in studied area.(2)Rosaceae(210 species),Compositae(198 species),Liliaceae(131 species),Gramineae(126 species)and Leguminosae(111 species)contained more species than other families in Southwest of Hubei.Among characteristic families,Betulaceae had the highest importance value(22.00).Genera and species tend to concentrate in limited number of families,large families and genera possessed obvious superiority.The monotypic or oligotypic families and genera were much abundant.(3)The natural flora of seed plants in Southwest of Hubei were divided into 11 areal-types and14 variations in families.The tropical elements took 65.25%(77 families),38 families(32.20%)were temperate ones,and 2 families were endemic to China(1.69%),tropic distribution compositions hold a dominant position.Genera were divided into 15 areal-types and 23 variations.41.06%(388 genera)of total genera were tropic composition,51.32%(485 genera)were temperate composition,and 6.03%(57 genera)were endemic to China.Species were divided into 15 areal-types.The temperate elements took59.70%(1 572 species),934 species(35.47%)were tropical ones.110 species were endemic to China(4.18%).Areal-types in genera and species were dominated by temperate element.Based on this study,the flora of Southwest of Hubei were of characteristics with transition of tropical and temperate zone.The flora was ancient,and geographical components were complex.
Based on seed plants in Flora of Enshi,combining with field investigation statistics in natural reserves,we studied the species diversity,composition of genera,families and floristic components in Southwest of Hubei.Results showed that:(1)there were 3 053 seed plant species in Southwest of Hubei,belonging to 1 008 genera and 164 families,which accounted for 74.79%species of Hubei,11.20% of China.Among them there were 9 families,28 genera,and 45 species in Gymnosperm,and 155 families,980 genera,and 3 008 species in Angiosperm.In addition,there were 1 576 herbplants in total,which showed multiple life forms,abundant herb species,more perennial,deciduous species,various rare and endangered plants and high biodiversity in studied area.(2)Rosaceae(210 species),Compositae(198 species),Liliaceae(131 species),Gramineae(126 species)and Leguminosae(111 species)contained more species than other families in Southwest of Hubei.Among characteristic families,Betulaceae had the highest importance value(22.00).Genera and species tend to concentrate in limited number of families,large families and genera possessed obvious superiority.The monotypic or oligotypic families and genera were much abundant.(3)The natural flora of seed plants in Southwest of Hubei were divided into 11 areal-types and14 variations in families.The tropical elements took 65.25%(77 families),38 families(32.20%)were temperate ones,and 2 families were endemic to China(1.69%),tropic distribution compositions hold a dominant position.Genera were divided into 15 areal-types and 23 variations.41.06%(388 genera)of total genera were tropic composition,51.32%(485 genera)were temperate composition,and 6.03%(57 genera)were endemic to China.Species were divided into 15 areal-types.The temperate elements took59.70%(1 572 species),934 species(35.47%)were tropical ones.110 species were endemic to China(4.18%).Areal-types in genera and species were dominated by temperate element.Based on this study,the flora of Southwest of Hubei were of characteristics with transition of tropical and temperate zone.The flora was ancient,and geographical components were complex.
引文
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