中国环境风险评价体系的完善:来自美国的经验和启示
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摘要
分析总结了美国在比较风险评价研究、环境风险评价指南、环境风险评价过程中的不确定性分析和风险交流等方面的经验,并结合我国环境风险评价现状和存在问题,提出,开展比较风险评价研究,完善环境风险评价指南体系,减小环境风险评价的不确定性和建立有效可行的环境风险交流体系的建议,从而完善我国环境风险评价体系,提高环境风险评价结果的真实性和可靠性。
This paper mainly analyzed and summarized the experience of the United States in comparative risk assessment research,environmental risk assessment guidelines,and the uncertainty analysis,risk communication in the process of environmental risk assessment. Then,combined with the current situation of China's environmental risk assessment and existing problems,this paper proposed specific recommendations of carrying out comparative risk assessment research, improving the environmental risk assessment guideline system,reducing the uncertainty of environmental risk assessment and establishing an effective and feasible risk communication system,so as to improve China's environmental risk assessment system and the truth and reliability of the environmental risk assessment results.
This paper mainly analyzed and summarized the experience of the United States in comparative risk assessment research,environmental risk assessment guidelines,and the uncertainty analysis,risk communication in the process of environmental risk assessment. Then,combined with the current situation of China's environmental risk assessment and existing problems,this paper proposed specific recommendations of carrying out comparative risk assessment research, improving the environmental risk assessment guideline system,reducing the uncertainty of environmental risk assessment and establishing an effective and feasible risk communication system,so as to improve China's environmental risk assessment system and the truth and reliability of the environmental risk assessment results.
引文
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[2]US EPA.Reducing risk:setting priorities and strategies for environmental protection[M].Washington,D.C.:Science Advisory Board,1990.
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[5]王镥权.环境风险评估制度构建的基本理论问题研究[J].大连海事大学学报(社会科学版),2016,15(6):41-48.
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[9]段小丽,黄楠,王贝贝,等.国内外环境健康风险评价中的暴露参数比较[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(2):99-104.
[10]朱东升,黄佺,胡海兰.环境风险评价的进展[J].职业与健康,2009,25(14):1537-1539.
[11]黄娟,邵超峰,张余.关于环境风险评价的若干问题探讨[J].环境科学与管理,2008(3):171-174,188.
[12]Committee on risk characterization,national research council.Understanding risk:informing decisions in a democratic society[M].Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1996.
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[15]刘杨华,敖红光,冯玉杰,等.环境风险评价研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(8):159-163.
[16]丁峰,胡翠娟,李鱼.我国环境风险评价存在的问题及对策建议[J].环境保护,2013,41(19):52-53.
[17]胡习邦.国内外环境健康风险评价框架研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(1):25-28.
[18]贺桂珍,吕永龙.美国、加拿大环境和健康风险管理方法[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):556-564.
[19]郭慧,吴成志.中美大气环境风险评价法规比较与建议[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(1):14-18.
[20]王永杰,贾东红,孟庆宝,等.健康风险评价中的不确定性分析[J].环境工程,2003(6):66-69.
[21]于云江,向明灯,孙朋.健康风险评价中的不确定性[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(9):835-838.
[22]李耀明,王玉杰,王云琦.基于GIS的北京地区生态风险评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(2):100-106.
[23]曾建军,邹明亮,郭建军,等.生态风险评价研究进展综述[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(1):1-5,10.
[24]毕军,马宗伟,刘苗苗,等.我国环境风险管理的现状与重点[J].环境保护,2017,45(5):14-19.
[25]袁业畅,何飞,李燕,等.环境风险评价综述及案例讨论[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(S1):455-463.
[26]张珂,郑宾国,张志娇.我国环境风险防范体系现状及发展对策[J].价值工程,2017,36(14):258-259.
[2]US EPA.Reducing risk:setting priorities and strategies for environmental protection[M].Washington,D.C.:Science Advisory Board,1990.
[3]Vincent R N.U.S.Environmental protection agency's approach to risk reduction through the process of comparative risk assessment[M].Washington,D.C.:US EPA,1933.
[4]USEPA.A guidebook to comparing risks and setting environmental priorities[M].Washington,D.C.:Office of Policy,Planning,and Evaluation,1993.
[5]王镥权.环境风险评估制度构建的基本理论问题研究[J].大连海事大学学报(社会科学版),2016,15(6):41-48.
[6]杜锁军.国内外环境风险评价研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2006(5):193-194.
[7]Committee on improving risk analysis approaches used by the U.S.EPA,National research council.science and decisions:advancing risk assessment[M].Washington,D.C.:National Academies Press,2009.
[8]Committee on risk assessment of hazardous pollutants,national research council.Science and judgment in risk assessment[M].Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1994.
[9]段小丽,黄楠,王贝贝,等.国内外环境健康风险评价中的暴露参数比较[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(2):99-104.
[10]朱东升,黄佺,胡海兰.环境风险评价的进展[J].职业与健康,2009,25(14):1537-1539.
[11]黄娟,邵超峰,张余.关于环境风险评价的若干问题探讨[J].环境科学与管理,2008(3):171-174,188.
[12]Committee on risk characterization,national research council.Understanding risk:informing decisions in a democratic society[M].Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1996.
[13]Committee on the institutional means for assessment of risks to public health,national research council.Risk assessment in the federal government:managing the process[M].Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1983.
[14]杨丽.美国食品安全风险分析与评价[J].中国食物与营养,2005(1):15-18.
[15]刘杨华,敖红光,冯玉杰,等.环境风险评价研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(8):159-163.
[16]丁峰,胡翠娟,李鱼.我国环境风险评价存在的问题及对策建议[J].环境保护,2013,41(19):52-53.
[17]胡习邦.国内外环境健康风险评价框架研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(1):25-28.
[18]贺桂珍,吕永龙.美国、加拿大环境和健康风险管理方法[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):556-564.
[19]郭慧,吴成志.中美大气环境风险评价法规比较与建议[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(1):14-18.
[20]王永杰,贾东红,孟庆宝,等.健康风险评价中的不确定性分析[J].环境工程,2003(6):66-69.
[21]于云江,向明灯,孙朋.健康风险评价中的不确定性[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(9):835-838.
[22]李耀明,王玉杰,王云琦.基于GIS的北京地区生态风险评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(2):100-106.
[23]曾建军,邹明亮,郭建军,等.生态风险评价研究进展综述[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(1):1-5,10.
[24]毕军,马宗伟,刘苗苗,等.我国环境风险管理的现状与重点[J].环境保护,2017,45(5):14-19.
[25]袁业畅,何飞,李燕,等.环境风险评价综述及案例讨论[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(S1):455-463.
[26]张珂,郑宾国,张志娇.我国环境风险防范体系现状及发展对策[J].价值工程,2017,36(14):258-259.