MWCNTs对环氧树脂及多尺度MWCNTs-碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响
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摘要
通过对胺基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs—NH2)进行改性,得到改性MWCNTs悬浮液(MWCNTs—NH2(M))。分别将羧基化MWCNTs(MWCNTs—COOH)和MWCNTs—NH2(M)分散在环氧树脂(EP)中,采用热熔法制备了多尺度MWCNTs-碳纤维(CF)/EP复合材料。研究了MWCNTs对EP模量、韧性及EP与CF之间界面黏结强度的影响,并分析了MWCNTs与CF上浆剂的作用,评价了多尺度MWCNTs-CF/EP复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:官能团化的MWCNTs可对EP的模量和韧性起到更好的增强作用。MWCNTs接枝的—COOH或—NH2可与CF上浆剂中的环氧基团发生化学反应,提高EP与CF之间的界面剪切强度。MWCNTs—NH2(M)对多尺度MWCNTs-CF/EP复合材料力学性能的增强效果优于MWCNTs—COOH,当MWCNTs—NH2(M)的含量为1wt%时,多尺度复合材料的0°压缩强度、90°压缩强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击后压缩强度(CAI)分别提高了16.7%、16.3%、40.9%、30.3%、20.6%。
Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes suspension(MWCNTs—NH2(M))was prepared by modifying on MWCNTs—NH2.MWCNTs—COOH and MWCNTs—NH2(M)were dispersed in epoxy(EP)respectively,multiscale MWCNTs-carbon fiber/EP(MWCNTs-CF/EP)composites were successfully manufactured by hot-melt method.The effect of MWCNTs on modulus,toughness of EP and interfacial shear strength(IFSS)between EP and CF was investigated,the reactions between MWCNTs and the sizing agent of CF were analysed,and the mechanical properties of multiscale MWCNTs-CF/EP composites were evaluated.The results indicate that functional MWCNTs can strengthen modulus and toughness of EP more effectively.The IFSSs are improved due to the chemical reactions between—COOH or—NH2 grafted on the MWCNTs surface and the epoxy group in the sizing agent of CF.The multiscale MWCNTs-CF/EP composites show an improved mechanical behavior and this effect is more evident with MWCNTs—NH2(M)compared to MWCNTs—COOH,the 0°compressive strength,90°compressive strength,flexural strength,flexural modulus,compression strength after impact(CAI)of multiscale MWCNTs-CF/EP composites can be enhanced by 16.7%,16.3%,40.9%,30.3%,20.6%,respectively when the mass fraction of MWCNTs—NH2(M)is 1 wt%.
Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes suspension(MWCNTs—NH2(M))was prepared by modifying on MWCNTs—NH2.MWCNTs—COOH and MWCNTs—NH2(M)were dispersed in epoxy(EP)respectively,multiscale MWCNTs-carbon fiber/EP(MWCNTs-CF/EP)composites were successfully manufactured by hot-melt method.The effect of MWCNTs on modulus,toughness of EP and interfacial shear strength(IFSS)between EP and CF was investigated,the reactions between MWCNTs and the sizing agent of CF were analysed,and the mechanical properties of multiscale MWCNTs-CF/EP composites were evaluated.The results indicate that functional MWCNTs can strengthen modulus and toughness of EP more effectively.The IFSSs are improved due to the chemical reactions between—COOH or—NH2 grafted on the MWCNTs surface and the epoxy group in the sizing agent of CF.The multiscale MWCNTs-CF/EP composites show an improved mechanical behavior and this effect is more evident with MWCNTs—NH2(M)compared to MWCNTs—COOH,the 0°compressive strength,90°compressive strength,flexural strength,flexural modulus,compression strength after impact(CAI)of multiscale MWCNTs-CF/EP composites can be enhanced by 16.7%,16.3%,40.9%,30.3%,20.6%,respectively when the mass fraction of MWCNTs—NH2(M)is 1 wt%.
引文
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[26]BOROUJENI A Y,TEHRANI M,NELSON A J,et al.Hybrid carbon nanotube-carbon fiber composites with improved in-plane mechanical properties[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2014,66:475-483.
[2]AN F,LU C X,LI Y H,et al.Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotube-hybridized carbon fiber to reinforce epoxy composite[J].Materials and Design,2012,33:197-202.
[3]SANCHEZ M,CAMPO M,JIMENEZ-SUAREZ A,et al.Effect of the carbon nanotube functionalization on flexural properties of multiscale carbon fiber/epoxy composites manufactured by VARIM[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2013,45(1):1613-1619.
[4]ZHOU H W,MISHNAEVSKY L,YI H Y,et al.Carbon fiber/carbon nanotube reinforced hierarchical composites:Effect of CNT distribution on shearing strength[J].Composites Part B,2016,88:201-211.
[5]范雨娇,顾轶卓,邓火英,等.碳纳米管加入方式对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(2):332-340.FAN Y J,GU Y Z,DENG H Y,et al.Effect of adding method of carbon nanotube on interlaminar property of carbon fiber/epoxy composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(2):332-340(in Chinese).
[6]DONG L B,HOU F,LI Y,et al.Preparation of continuous carbon nanotube networks in carbon fiber/epoxy composite[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2014,56:248-255.
[7]KAMAE T,DRZAL L T.Carbon fiber/epoxy composite property enhancement through incorporation of carbon nanotubes at the fiber-matrix interphase partⅠ:The development of carbon nanotube coated carbon fibers and the evaluation of their adhesion[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2012,43(9):1569-1577.
[8]LUBINEAU G,RAHAMAN A.A review of strategies for improving the degradation properties of laminated continuousfiber/epoxy composites with carbon-based nano reinforcement[J].Carbon,2012,50(7):2377-2395.
[9]ZHOU H,DU X S,LIU H Y,et al.Delamination toughening of carbon fiber/epoxy laminates by hierarchical carbon nanotube-short carbon fiber interleaves[J].Composites Science and Technology,2017,140:46-53.
[10]TEHRANI M,BOROUJENI A Y,HARTMAN T B,et al.Mechanical characterization and impact damage assessment of a woven carbon fiber reinforced carbon nanotube-epoxy composite[J].Composites Science and Technology,2013,75:42-48.
[11]CHANDRASEKARAN V C S,ADVANI S G,SANTAREM H.Role of processing on interlaminar shear strength enhancement of epoxy/glass fiber/multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrid composites[J].Carbon,2010,48(13):3692-3699.
[12]SHARMA S P,LAKKAD S C.Compressive strength of carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix multi-scale hybrid composites[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2010,205(2):350-355.
[13]包建文.碳纳米管增强聚合物基复合材料进展[J].中国材料进展,2009,28(6):19-27.BAO J W.Advance in polymer matrix nanocomposite reinforced by carbon nanotubes[J].Materials China,2009,28(6):19-27(in Chinese).
[14]高新春,宋怀河,郭鹏,等.碳纳米管添加量对环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响[J].炭素技术,2007,26(2):13-17.GAO X C,SONG H H,GUO P,et al.Effect of MWCNTs content on the performance of CNTs/epoxy composites[J].Carbon Techniques,2007,26(2):13-17(in Chinese).
[15]ZHOU Y,PERVIN F,RANGARI K,et al.Fabrication and evaluation of carbon nano fiber filled carbon/epoxy composite[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,426(1-2):221-228.
[16]ASHRAFI B,GUAN J W,MIRJALILI V,et al.Enhancement of mechanical performance of epoxy/carbon fiber laminate composites using single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Composites Science and Technology,2011,71(13):1569-1578.
[17]GODARA A,MEZZO L,LUIZI F,et al.Influence of carbon nanotube reinforcement on the processing and the mechanical behaviour of carbon fiber/epoxy composites[J].Carbon,2009,47(12):2914-2923.
[18]YAO H W,SUI X H,ZHAO Z B,et al.Optimization of interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via carbon nanotube sizing[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,347:583-590.
[19]国家技术监督局.树脂浇注体拉伸性能试验方法:GB/T2568-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.State Bureau of Technological Supervision.Test method for tensile properties of resin casting body:GB/T 2568-1995[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1995(in Chinese).
[20]国家技术监督局.树脂浇注体弯曲性能试验方法:GB/T2570-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.State Bureau of Technological Supervision.Test method for flexural properties of resin casting body:GB/T 2570-1995[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1995(in Chinese).
[21]中国国家标准化管理委员会.单向纤维增强塑料平板压缩性能试验方法:GB/T 3856-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Test method for compression properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced plastics:GB/T 3856-2005[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2005(in Chinese).
[22]中国国家标准化管理委员会.定向纤维增强聚合物基复合材料弯曲性能试验方法:GB/T 3356-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Test method for flexural properties of orientational fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials:GB/T3356-2014[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2014(in Chinese).
[23]中国国家标准化管理委员会.纤维增强塑料层合板冲击后压缩性能试验方法:GB/T 21239-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Test method for compression after impact properties of fiber reinforced plastic laminates:GB/T 21239-2007[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007(in Chinese).
[24]ASTM International.Standard test methods for plane-strain fracture toughness and strain energy release rate of plastic materials:ASTM D5045-99[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,1999.
[25]郑国栋,张清杰,邓火英,等.不同官能化碳纳米管对MWCNTs-碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(3):640-648.ZHENG G D,ZHANG Q J,DENG H Y,et al.Effect of different functionalized carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of MWCNTs-carbon fiber/epoxy composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(3):640-648(in Chinese).
[26]BOROUJENI A Y,TEHRANI M,NELSON A J,et al.Hybrid carbon nanotube-carbon fiber composites with improved in-plane mechanical properties[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2014,66:475-483.