砌体结构的现代主义形式美——向埃拉迪奥·迪埃斯特致敬
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摘要
现代主义建筑广泛运用钢筋混凝土,强调建筑形式要充分发挥材料性。乌拉圭建筑师埃拉迪奥·迪埃斯特在钢筋混凝土的时代尊重社会背景和自然环境,坚持选择用砖砌筑建筑。本文回顾了他的四个配筋砖结构创新:直纹曲面、高斯曲面、自承重筒壳和折板结构。浅析它们的受力原理以及发展渊源,说明了砌体结构也能像混凝土那样,塑造出富有现代主义形式美的建筑。大量关于砌体结构的研究结果表明,砌体结构在结构力学方面的性能得到优化提升,热工性能及节省耗材等方面都具有优势,在提倡可持续发展的时代有着巨大的竞争潜力。
Modern architecture emphasizes that material performance must be reflect on architectural form.Reinforced concrete widely used in building construction.Eladio Dieste was a Uruguay architect who didn't use concrete but chose the brick.Whit the respect of the social and natural,he created four kinds of reinforced brick structure.By analyzing their stress principle and development origin,the masonry structure shows the modernist aesthetic as the concrete structure did.Numbers of studies also find masonry structure has many advantages. When people are advocating the sustainable development,masonry structure has great potential and should be brought to the attention of the architecture.
Modern architecture emphasizes that material performance must be reflect on architectural form.Reinforced concrete widely used in building construction.Eladio Dieste was a Uruguay architect who didn't use concrete but chose the brick.Whit the respect of the social and natural,he created four kinds of reinforced brick structure.By analyzing their stress principle and development origin,the masonry structure shows the modernist aesthetic as the concrete structure did.Numbers of studies also find masonry structure has many advantages. When people are advocating the sustainable development,masonry structure has great potential and should be brought to the attention of the architecture.
引文
[1]斯坦福·安德森.埃拉迪奥·迪埃斯特:结构艺术的创造力[M].杨鹏.译.上海:同济大学出版社,2013.
[2]龙马琳,胡清波.“建构”的砖石砌体——对砖石砌块叠砌构筑方式的分析[J].中外建筑,2010(7):42-45.
[3]PEDRESCHI R,THEODOSSOPOULOS D.The doublecurvature masonry vaults of Eladio Dieste[J].Structures and Buildings,2007(1):1,3-11.
[4]DERMODY R.J.Get the form right!Teaching structural design to architects[J].Structures and ArchitectureProceedings of the 1st International Conference on Structures and Architecture,2010:943-949.
[5]GAILIUNAS P.The evolution of shell lace structure[EB].Journal of Mathematics and the Arts.[2010-10-30].http:∥dx.doi.org/10.1080/17513472.2015.1059309
[6]PEDRESCHI R,THEODOSSOPOULOS D.Eladio Dieste:'resistance through form'[J].Structures and Architecture,2010:797-805.
[7]DIESTE E.Reinforced brick structures[J].Brick and Tile Industry International,1991,44(10):556-563.
[8]张翼,陈录雍.模板与钢筋——混凝土材料塑性表现的双重逻辑[J].建筑技艺,2014(9):34-41.
[9]JOSE M C L,JUAN R J V,BENITO S M M,et al.The key-role of eladio dieste,spain and the americas in the evolution:from brickwork to architectural form[J].Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering,2009,362:355-362.
[10]马里奥·萨瓦多里.建筑生与灭:建筑物如何站起来[M].顾天明,吴省斯.译.天津:天津大学出版社,2013.
[11]NAN H,PENG F,DAI G L.Structural art:Past,present and future[J].Engineering Structures,2014,79:407-416.
[12]顾祥林,高之楠,李翔.从第15届国际砌体大会看砌体结构的研究现状[G].2012年全国砌体结构领域基本理论与工程应用学术会议论文集.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012:1-7.
[13]金伟良,耿健,毛江鸿李.2012年全国砌体结构领域基本理论与工程应用学术会议论文集[C].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2013.
[14]张孝存,王凤来.配筋砌块砌体结构的应用优势探讨[D].武汉:武汉大学学报,2015,48(4):40-43.
[15]MIROSTAW J,SKIBNIEWSKI,EDMUNDAS K.et al.Technology development in construction:a continuum from distant past into the future[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,2013,19(1):136-147.
[2]龙马琳,胡清波.“建构”的砖石砌体——对砖石砌块叠砌构筑方式的分析[J].中外建筑,2010(7):42-45.
[3]PEDRESCHI R,THEODOSSOPOULOS D.The doublecurvature masonry vaults of Eladio Dieste[J].Structures and Buildings,2007(1):1,3-11.
[4]DERMODY R.J.Get the form right!Teaching structural design to architects[J].Structures and ArchitectureProceedings of the 1st International Conference on Structures and Architecture,2010:943-949.
[5]GAILIUNAS P.The evolution of shell lace structure[EB].Journal of Mathematics and the Arts.[2010-10-30].http:∥dx.doi.org/10.1080/17513472.2015.1059309
[6]PEDRESCHI R,THEODOSSOPOULOS D.Eladio Dieste:'resistance through form'[J].Structures and Architecture,2010:797-805.
[7]DIESTE E.Reinforced brick structures[J].Brick and Tile Industry International,1991,44(10):556-563.
[8]张翼,陈录雍.模板与钢筋——混凝土材料塑性表现的双重逻辑[J].建筑技艺,2014(9):34-41.
[9]JOSE M C L,JUAN R J V,BENITO S M M,et al.The key-role of eladio dieste,spain and the americas in the evolution:from brickwork to architectural form[J].Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering,2009,362:355-362.
[10]马里奥·萨瓦多里.建筑生与灭:建筑物如何站起来[M].顾天明,吴省斯.译.天津:天津大学出版社,2013.
[11]NAN H,PENG F,DAI G L.Structural art:Past,present and future[J].Engineering Structures,2014,79:407-416.
[12]顾祥林,高之楠,李翔.从第15届国际砌体大会看砌体结构的研究现状[G].2012年全国砌体结构领域基本理论与工程应用学术会议论文集.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012:1-7.
[13]金伟良,耿健,毛江鸿李.2012年全国砌体结构领域基本理论与工程应用学术会议论文集[C].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2013.
[14]张孝存,王凤来.配筋砌块砌体结构的应用优势探讨[D].武汉:武汉大学学报,2015,48(4):40-43.
[15]MIROSTAW J,SKIBNIEWSKI,EDMUNDAS K.et al.Technology development in construction:a continuum from distant past into the future[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,2013,19(1):136-147.