旅游产业集聚对碳生产率的影响研究
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摘要
随着旅游业的持续发展以及人们生态保护意识的增强,有关旅游业节能减排要求愈发强烈。为厘清旅游产业集聚和碳生产率之间的关系,采用区位熵和"自下而上"法分别测度我国2000-2016年旅游产业集聚程度和旅游业碳排放水平,并借助Arcgis绘制二者的空间分布图,最后构建回归模型。结果表明:(1)旅游产业集聚程度和旅游业碳生产率均呈现出逐年递增的趋势。在空间分布上,两者发展不平衡,各省区间差异较大。(2)旅游产业集聚表现出东部高、中西部地区相对偏低的格局,且中西部地区集聚水平增加较为明显。旅游业碳生产率表现出"中低值为主,高值为辅"的现象,在区域分布上,表现为东中部地区高而西部地区偏低的格局。(3)旅游产业集聚和旅游业碳生产率存在显著负向相关关系。旅游产业集聚每增加1个单位,旅游业碳生产率约降低0.81%。旅游业碳生产率还会受城市化、碳排放结构、环境规制、旅游经济发展等变量影响。针对所得结论,指出提高我国旅游业碳生产率的重要举措。
With the sustainable development of tourism and people's awareness of ecological protection,the requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction in tourism are becoming more and more intense. In order to clarify the relationship between tourism industry agglomeration and carbon productivity,the location entropy and the "bottom-up"method are used to measure the concentration of tourism industry and the carbon emission level of tourism in China from 2000 to 2016,and the spatial distribution map of the two is drawn by Arcgis,and finally construct a regression model. Results show that:( 1) The agglomeration degree and carbon productivity of tourism industry both show a trend of increasing year by year. In terms of spatial distribution,the development of the two is not balanced,and the differences between provinces are big;( 2) Tourism industry agglomeration shows a pattern of high level in the east and relatively low level in the central and western regions,and the agglomeration level in the central and western regions increases significantly. The carbon productivity of tourism shows the phenomenon of"medium and low value is the main,high value is the auxiliary". In terms of regional distribution,it shows the pattern of high carbon productivity in the east and middle regions and low carbon productivity in the west regions;( 3) There is a significant negative correlation between tourism industry agglomeration and tourism carbon productivity. For every additional unit of tourism industry concentration,tourism carbon productivity will decrease by about 0.81%. The level of opening up,the carbon emission structure of tourism,the level of environmental regulation,the level of tourism economic development,and the level of urbanization will all significantly affect tourism carbon productivity; According to the conclusion,it points out some important measures to improve carbon productivity of tourism industry in China.
With the sustainable development of tourism and people's awareness of ecological protection,the requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction in tourism are becoming more and more intense. In order to clarify the relationship between tourism industry agglomeration and carbon productivity,the location entropy and the "bottom-up"method are used to measure the concentration of tourism industry and the carbon emission level of tourism in China from 2000 to 2016,and the spatial distribution map of the two is drawn by Arcgis,and finally construct a regression model. Results show that:( 1) The agglomeration degree and carbon productivity of tourism industry both show a trend of increasing year by year. In terms of spatial distribution,the development of the two is not balanced,and the differences between provinces are big;( 2) Tourism industry agglomeration shows a pattern of high level in the east and relatively low level in the central and western regions,and the agglomeration level in the central and western regions increases significantly. The carbon productivity of tourism shows the phenomenon of"medium and low value is the main,high value is the auxiliary". In terms of regional distribution,it shows the pattern of high carbon productivity in the east and middle regions and low carbon productivity in the west regions;( 3) There is a significant negative correlation between tourism industry agglomeration and tourism carbon productivity. For every additional unit of tourism industry concentration,tourism carbon productivity will decrease by about 0.81%. The level of opening up,the carbon emission structure of tourism,the level of environmental regulation,the level of tourism economic development,and the level of urbanization will all significantly affect tourism carbon productivity; According to the conclusion,it points out some important measures to improve carbon productivity of tourism industry in China.
引文
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[22]林善浪,张作雄,刘国平.技术创新、空间集聚与区域碳生产率[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(5):36-45.
[23]王凯,易静.区域旅游产业集聚与绩效的关系研究---基于中国31个省区的实证[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(3):465-474.
[24]王凯,杨亚萍,张淑文,等.中国旅游产业集聚与碳排放空间关联性[J].资源科学,2019(2):362-371.
[25]Becken S,Simmons D G,Frampton C.Energy use associated with different travel choices[J].Tourism Management,2003,24(3):267-277.
[26]魏艳旭,孙根年,马丽君,等.中国旅游交通碳排放及地区差异的初步估算[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(2):76-84.
[27]石培华,吴普.中国旅游业能源消耗与CO2排放量的初步估算[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):235-243.
[28]沈能,王艳,王群伟.集聚外部性与碳生产率空间趋同研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):40-47.
[2]Michael E Porter Cluster and the new economics of competition[J].Harvard Business Review,1998,76(6):77.
[3]Ellison G and E Glaeser The geographic concentration of industry:does national advantage explain agglomeration?[J].American Economic Review,1999,89(2):311-316.
[4]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002.
[5]Majewska,J.Inter-regional agglomeration effects in tourism in Poland[J].Tourism Geographies,2015,17(3):408-436.
[6]罗霞,张丽华.旅游产业集聚与城镇化效应测度及路径研究[J].湖南社会科学,2017(4):131-137.
[7]华萍.河南省旅游产业集群发展的对策[J].对外经贸,2018(7):106-107+120.
[8]邓冰,俞曦,吴必虎.旅游产业的集聚及其影响因素初探[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2004(6):53-57.
[9]朱海艳.旅游产业集聚度时空演变研究[J].统计与决策,2016(13):121-124.
[10]谢露露,王雨佳.旅游产业集聚对经济增长的空间溢出效应---来自长三角地区的经验研究[J].上海经济,2018(4):17-32.
[11]王凯,易静,肖燕,等.中国旅游产业集聚与产业效率的关系研究[J].人文地理,2016,31(2):120-127.
[12]唐志鹏,刘卫东,宋涛.基于混合地理加权回归的中国省域碳生产率影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(12):2 223-2 232.
[13]刘传江,赵晓梦.长江经济带全要素碳生产率的时空演化及提升潜力[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(11):1 635-1 644.
[14]王凯,周婷婷,邵海琴,等.中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异及其格局演变:1995-2014[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(6):27-35.
[15]Peters G,Marland G,QuéréC L,et al.Rapid growth in CO2emissions after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis[J].Nature Climate Change,2012,2(1):2-4.
[16]高文静,任雪荻,康旭华,等.工业碳生产率提升的资源优化配置路径分析[J].宏观经济研究,2018(5):166-175.
[17]程琳琳,张俊飚,何可.多尺度城镇化对农业碳生产率的影响及其区域分异特征研究---基于SFA、E指数与SDM的实证[J].中南大学学报:社会科学版,2018,24(5):107-116.
[18]沈飞.浙江省制造业投入服务化的碳生产率改进路径优化与对策体系[J].科技经济市场,2017(8):187-188.
[19]李薇,彭丽.异质性视角下服务业碳生产率的变动及其驱动因素[J].管理现代化,2018,38(2):119-122.
[20]周婷婷,邵海琴,王凯.中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异及影响因素分析[J].云南地理环境研究,2016,28(5):20-27.
[21]刘习平,盛三化,王珂英.经济空间集聚能提高碳生产率吗?[J].经济评论,2017(6):107-121.
[22]林善浪,张作雄,刘国平.技术创新、空间集聚与区域碳生产率[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(5):36-45.
[23]王凯,易静.区域旅游产业集聚与绩效的关系研究---基于中国31个省区的实证[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(3):465-474.
[24]王凯,杨亚萍,张淑文,等.中国旅游产业集聚与碳排放空间关联性[J].资源科学,2019(2):362-371.
[25]Becken S,Simmons D G,Frampton C.Energy use associated with different travel choices[J].Tourism Management,2003,24(3):267-277.
[26]魏艳旭,孙根年,马丽君,等.中国旅游交通碳排放及地区差异的初步估算[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(2):76-84.
[27]石培华,吴普.中国旅游业能源消耗与CO2排放量的初步估算[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):235-243.
[28]沈能,王艳,王群伟.集聚外部性与碳生产率空间趋同研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):40-47.