爆炸动载与预紧力静载下全长锚固玻璃钢锚杆受力特征研究
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摘要
针对爆破动载下全长锚固玻璃钢锚杆力学响应特征及破坏问题,建立动-静载联合作用下全长锚固玻璃钢锚杆受力分析模型,分析爆破动载下玻璃钢锚杆轴向应力和剪切应力分布特征,研究最大单段起爆炸药量、爆心距、岩体弹性模量对玻璃钢锚杆力学响应特征的影响。结果表明:在爆破动载作用下,全长锚固玻璃钢锚杆轴向应力和剪切应力均集中出现在锚杆尾部锚固段与自由段交界面附近较小范围内,且最大单段起爆药量对锚杆受力影响显著;锚杆轴向应力和剪切应力随着爆心距的增加快速降低,在爆心距10～15 m范围内锚杆受爆破动载影响最大,易发生尾部杆体断裂破坏;随着岩体弹性模量增大,锚杆轴向应力逐渐降低,但剪切应力先逐渐升高后再缓慢降低。研究结果与现有实验室相似试验结论及现场试验现象相吻合,可以为爆破动载下全长锚固玻璃钢锚杆的支护设计及爆破控制提供依据。
In order to analyze the mechanical behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic(GFRP) rock bolt under the blast dynamic load, a new approach was proposed to describe the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted GFRP rock bolts under combined action of dynamic and static loads, the approach was applied to analyze the axial and shear stresses distribution characteristics of GFRP rock bolt under blast dynamic load, the paper analyzed the influence of the quantity of explosives, the distance between the point of interest and the blasting source and the Young's modulus of rock on the mechanical behaviour of GFRP bolts. It was found that large axial and shear stresses of fully grouted GFRP rock bolt are mainly distributed in a small region near the bolt collar, and the influence of the quantity of explosives on rock bolt is significant. The axial and shear stresses decreased quickly with the distance between the point of interest and the blasting source increased, for the case examined where the bolt is within the range of 10-15 meters from the blasting point, the influence of blast load on rock bolt is significant and the installed GFRP rock bolt is easy to break in the region near the bolt collar. With the increase of the Young's modulus of rock, the axial stress of rock bolt is decreased and the shear stress of rock bolt is increased firstly and then decreased. The predicted distributions of axial and shear stresses in the rock bolt under blast load s are consistent with published laboratory results and the field test results of GFRP rock bolts. The proposed model provides a method to quantitatively evaluate the effect of blasting on the mechanical behavior of GFRP rock bolts so that a better ground support system can be designed in practical mining applications.
In order to analyze the mechanical behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic(GFRP) rock bolt under the blast dynamic load, a new approach was proposed to describe the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted GFRP rock bolts under combined action of dynamic and static loads, the approach was applied to analyze the axial and shear stresses distribution characteristics of GFRP rock bolt under blast dynamic load, the paper analyzed the influence of the quantity of explosives, the distance between the point of interest and the blasting source and the Young's modulus of rock on the mechanical behaviour of GFRP bolts. It was found that large axial and shear stresses of fully grouted GFRP rock bolt are mainly distributed in a small region near the bolt collar, and the influence of the quantity of explosives on rock bolt is significant. The axial and shear stresses decreased quickly with the distance between the point of interest and the blasting source increased, for the case examined where the bolt is within the range of 10-15 meters from the blasting point, the influence of blast load on rock bolt is significant and the installed GFRP rock bolt is easy to break in the region near the bolt collar. With the increase of the Young's modulus of rock, the axial stress of rock bolt is decreased and the shear stress of rock bolt is increased firstly and then decreased. The predicted distributions of axial and shear stresses in the rock bolt under blast load s are consistent with published laboratory results and the field test results of GFRP rock bolts. The proposed model provides a method to quantitatively evaluate the effect of blasting on the mechanical behavior of GFRP rock bolts so that a better ground support system can be designed in practical mining applications.
引文
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[7]周纪军,汪小刚,贾志欣.锚固结构爆破振动规律与损伤的模型试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(6):1257-1263.ZHOU Jijun,WANG Xiaogang,JIA Zhixin.Vibration rule and damage of anchorage structure subjected to blasting using model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(6):1257-1263.
[8]刘少虹,潘俊锋,毛德兵,等.爆破动载下强冲击危险巷道锚杆轴力定量损失规律的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1120-1128.LIU Shaohong,PAN Junfeng,MAO Debing,et al.Experiment research on axial force quantitative loss law of anchor bolt in blasting in high impact danger roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1120-1128.
[9]易长平,卢文波.爆破振动对砂浆锚杆的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(8):1312-1316.YI Changping,LU Wenbo.Research on influence of blasting vibration on grouted rock bolt[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(8):1312-1316.
[10]王光勇,张素华,谢文强,等.锚杆动载响应和轴向应力分布规律数值分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):114-117.WANG Guangyong,ZHANG Suhua,XIE Wenqiang,et al.Numerical analysis of dynamic response and axial stress distribution of rock bolts under explosive loads[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):114-117.
[11]薛亚东,张世平,康天合.回采巷道锚杆动载响应的数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1903-1906.XUE Yadong,ZHANG Shiping,KANG Tianhe.Numerical analysis of dynamic response of rock bolts in mining roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1903-1906.
[12]YI Xiaoping,KAISER P K.Elastic stress waves in rock bolts subject to impact loading[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1994,18(2):121-131.
[13]IVANOVIC A,NEILSON R D,RODGER A A.Influence of prestress on the dynamic response of ground anchorages[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2002,128(3):237-249.
[14]LI C C,DOUCET C.Performance of D-bolts under dynamic loading[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(2):193-204.
[15]TANNANT D D,BRUMMER R K,YI X.Rock bolt behaviour under dynamic loading:field tests and modelling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):537-550.
[16]ANSELL A.Testing and modelling on an energy absorbing rock bolt[C]//Structures under Shock&Impact VI.WIT Press,2000:417-426.
[17]STJERN G,MYRVANG A.The influence of blasting on grouted rock bolts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):65-70.
[18]ORTLEPP W D,STACEY T R.Performance of tunnel support under large deformation static and dynamic loading[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):15-21.
[19]LI C.Performance of D-bolts under static loading[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(2):183-192.
[20]ZHOU Yingwu,WU Yufei,YUN Yanchun.Analytical modeling of the bond-slip relationship at FRP-concrete interfaces for adhesively-bonded joints[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2010,41(6):423-433.
[21]CAI Yue,JIANG Yujing,DJAMALUDDIN I,et al.An analytical model considering interaction behavior of grouted rock bolts for convergence-confinement method in tunneling design[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,76:112-126.
[22]HE L,AN X M,ZHAO Z Y.Fully grouted rock bolts:an analytical investigation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(3):1181-1196.
[23]常聚才,谢广祥.锚杆预紧力对煤矿巷道支护效果的响应特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):657-661.CHANG Jucai,XIE Guangxiang.Research on response characteristics of bolt pretension on supporting effect of rock roadway in coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):657-661.
[24]李冲,徐金海,李明.全长锚固预应力锚杆杆体受力特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):188-193.LI Chong,XU Jinhai,LI Ming.The mechanical characteristics analysis of fully anchored pre-stressed bolts in coal mines[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):188-193.
[25]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[26]YUN Yanchun,WU Yufei,TANG Waiching.Performance of FRP bonding systems under fatigue loading[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(11):3129-3140.
[27]DAI Jianguo,UEDA T,SATO Y.Development of the nonlinear bond stress-slip model of fiber reinforced plastics sheet-concrete interfaces with a simple method[J].Journal of Composites for Construction,2005,9(1):52-62.
[28]MA Shuqi,JAN N,NAJ A.An analytical model of fully grouted rock bolts subjected to tensile load[J].Construction and Building Materials,2013,49:519-526.
[29]MA Shuqi,JAN N,NAJ A,et al.Analytical model for rock bolts reaching free end slip[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,57:30-37.
[30]FAVATA A.On the Kelvin problem[J].Journal of Elasticity,2012,109:189-204.
[2]白晓宇,张明义,李伟伟,等.GFRP抗浮锚杆外锚固性能室内试验研究与机理分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(10):3841-3847.BAI Xiaoyu,ZHANG Mingyi,LI Weiwei,et al.Laboratory test study and mechanism analysis of external anchorage performance of GFRP anti-floating anchors[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(10):3841-3847.
[3]王文杰,马雄忠,马生徽,等.金山店铁矿玻璃钢锚杆支护试验及存在问题[J].金属矿山,2012,41(10):1-4.WANG Wenjie,MA Xiongzhong,MA Shenghui,et al.The GFRP bolt support test in Jinshandian iron mine and the existing problem[J].Metal Mine,2012,41(10):1-4.
[4]杨自友,顾金才,杨本水.锚杆对围岩的加固效果和动载响应的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2805-2809.YANG Ziyou,GU Jincai,YANG Benshui.Numerical analysis of reinforcement effects and response to dynamic loads characteristics of rock bolts[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2805-2809.
[5]单仁亮,周纪军,夏宇,等.爆炸荷载下锚杆动态响应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1540-1546.SHAN Renliang,ZHOU Jijun,XIA Yu,et al.Experimental investigation on dynamic response of rock bolt under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1540-1546.
[6]单仁亮,周纪军,夏宇,等.黏结式锚杆在爆炸动载下轴向应力分布研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2965-2971.SHAN Renliang,ZHOU Jijun,XIA Yu,et al.Axial stress distribution of grouted rock bolts subjected to blast loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2965-2971.
[7]周纪军,汪小刚,贾志欣.锚固结构爆破振动规律与损伤的模型试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(6):1257-1263.ZHOU Jijun,WANG Xiaogang,JIA Zhixin.Vibration rule and damage of anchorage structure subjected to blasting using model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(6):1257-1263.
[8]刘少虹,潘俊锋,毛德兵,等.爆破动载下强冲击危险巷道锚杆轴力定量损失规律的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1120-1128.LIU Shaohong,PAN Junfeng,MAO Debing,et al.Experiment research on axial force quantitative loss law of anchor bolt in blasting in high impact danger roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1120-1128.
[9]易长平,卢文波.爆破振动对砂浆锚杆的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(8):1312-1316.YI Changping,LU Wenbo.Research on influence of blasting vibration on grouted rock bolt[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(8):1312-1316.
[10]王光勇,张素华,谢文强,等.锚杆动载响应和轴向应力分布规律数值分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):114-117.WANG Guangyong,ZHANG Suhua,XIE Wenqiang,et al.Numerical analysis of dynamic response and axial stress distribution of rock bolts under explosive loads[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):114-117.
[11]薛亚东,张世平,康天合.回采巷道锚杆动载响应的数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1903-1906.XUE Yadong,ZHANG Shiping,KANG Tianhe.Numerical analysis of dynamic response of rock bolts in mining roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1903-1906.
[12]YI Xiaoping,KAISER P K.Elastic stress waves in rock bolts subject to impact loading[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1994,18(2):121-131.
[13]IVANOVIC A,NEILSON R D,RODGER A A.Influence of prestress on the dynamic response of ground anchorages[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2002,128(3):237-249.
[14]LI C C,DOUCET C.Performance of D-bolts under dynamic loading[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(2):193-204.
[15]TANNANT D D,BRUMMER R K,YI X.Rock bolt behaviour under dynamic loading:field tests and modelling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):537-550.
[16]ANSELL A.Testing and modelling on an energy absorbing rock bolt[C]//Structures under Shock&Impact VI.WIT Press,2000:417-426.
[17]STJERN G,MYRVANG A.The influence of blasting on grouted rock bolts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):65-70.
[18]ORTLEPP W D,STACEY T R.Performance of tunnel support under large deformation static and dynamic loading[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):15-21.
[19]LI C.Performance of D-bolts under static loading[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(2):183-192.
[20]ZHOU Yingwu,WU Yufei,YUN Yanchun.Analytical modeling of the bond-slip relationship at FRP-concrete interfaces for adhesively-bonded joints[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2010,41(6):423-433.
[21]CAI Yue,JIANG Yujing,DJAMALUDDIN I,et al.An analytical model considering interaction behavior of grouted rock bolts for convergence-confinement method in tunneling design[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,76:112-126.
[22]HE L,AN X M,ZHAO Z Y.Fully grouted rock bolts:an analytical investigation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(3):1181-1196.
[23]常聚才,谢广祥.锚杆预紧力对煤矿巷道支护效果的响应特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):657-661.CHANG Jucai,XIE Guangxiang.Research on response characteristics of bolt pretension on supporting effect of rock roadway in coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):657-661.
[24]李冲,徐金海,李明.全长锚固预应力锚杆杆体受力特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):188-193.LI Chong,XU Jinhai,LI Ming.The mechanical characteristics analysis of fully anchored pre-stressed bolts in coal mines[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):188-193.
[25]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[26]YUN Yanchun,WU Yufei,TANG Waiching.Performance of FRP bonding systems under fatigue loading[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(11):3129-3140.
[27]DAI Jianguo,UEDA T,SATO Y.Development of the nonlinear bond stress-slip model of fiber reinforced plastics sheet-concrete interfaces with a simple method[J].Journal of Composites for Construction,2005,9(1):52-62.
[28]MA Shuqi,JAN N,NAJ A.An analytical model of fully grouted rock bolts subjected to tensile load[J].Construction and Building Materials,2013,49:519-526.
[29]MA Shuqi,JAN N,NAJ A,et al.Analytical model for rock bolts reaching free end slip[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,57:30-37.
[30]FAVATA A.On the Kelvin problem[J].Journal of Elasticity,2012,109:189-204.